the growth of tumor was suppressed by AS-IV treatment in vivo. AS-IV also could down-regulate regulatory T cells (Tregs) and up-regulate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vivo and in vitro[4]. As an in vivo model, mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) were administered AS-IV (20 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days. AS-IV significantly alleviated renal mass loss and reduced the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and collagen IV both in vitro and in vivo [5].
In Vitro
AS-IV treatment promotes umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) proliferation, migration, and tube formation. AS-IV treatment also activates JAK2/STAT3 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, and up-regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production [1]. Administration of astragaloside IV (16, 32, and 64 μM) 1 h prior to lipopolysaccharide stimulation dose-dependently attenuated cardiac hypertrophy induced by lipopolysaccharide. Further studies demonstrated that astragaloside IV inhibited the increment of the resting intracellular free Ca2+, and its effect was similar to verapamil [2]. ASI could inhibit cells apoptosis induced by high glucose (25mmol/L) in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. ASI also inhibited high glucose-induced expression of TGF-β1 and activation of p38 MAPK pathway at the protein level. Furthermore, ASI increased HGF production in human tubular epithelial cells [3].
Kinase Assay
Cell Assay
Animal Administration
References
[1]. Wang SG, et al. Astragaloside IV stimulates angiogenesis and increases nitric oxide accumulation via JAK2/STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathway. Molecules. 2013 Oct 16;18(10):12809-19.
[2]. Lu M, et al. Astragaloside IV protects against cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting the Ca2+/CaN signaling pathway. Planta Med. 2014 Jan;80(1):63-9.
[3]. Wang Q, et al. Astragalosides IV inhibits high glucose-induced cell apoptosis through HGF activation in cultured human tubular epithelial cells. Ren Fail. 2014 Apr;36(3):400-6.
[4]. Zhang A, et al. Astragaloside IV inhibits progression of lung cancer by mediating immune function of Tregs and CTLs by interfering with IDO. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2014 Nov;140(11):1883-90.
[5]. Xu W, et al. Astragaloside IV ameliorates renal fibrosis via the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases and antiapoptosis in vivo and in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2014 Sep;350(3):552-62.
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