LE135 provokes nociceptive responses and elicited thermal hyperalgesia mainly through TRPV1 channels, but required both TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels for producing mechanical allodynia. Intraplantar injection of LE135 (30 nmol/10 μL) induces mechanical hypersensitivity in wild-type and Trpa1−/− mice[2].
In Vitro
LE135 inhibits Am80-induced differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60 with an IC50 of 150 nM[1]. LE135 inhibits retinoic acid (RA)-induced transcriptional activation of RARβ, but not RARα, RARγ or retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), on a variety of RA response elements. LE135 strongly represses 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced AP-1 activity in the presence of RARβ and RXRα[3].
Kinase Assay
Cell Assay
Animal Administration
References
[1]. H Umemiya, et al. Regulation of retinoidal actions by diazepinylbenzoic acids. Retinoid synergists which activate the RXR-RAR heterodimers. J Med Chem. 1997 Dec 19;40(26):4222-34.
[2]. Shijin Yin, et al. LE135, a retinoid acid receptor antagonist, produces pain through direct activation of TRP channels. Br J Pharmacol. 2014 Mar;171(6):1510-20.
[3]. Y Li, et al. Identification of a novel class of retinoic acid receptor beta-selective retinoid antagonists and their inhibitory effects on AP-1 activity and retinoic acid-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 1999 May 28;274(22):15360-6.
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