Alpha-mangostin reduces risk of liver fibrosis through the decrease in p53 expression as compared to the TAA_DMSO treatment. The serum levels of the liver enzymes AST and ALT after treatment with α-mangostin decrease as compared to DMSO alone[4].
In Vitro
Alpha-mangostin exhibits a selective inhibitory effect on IDH1-R132H, but not on IDH1. Alpha-mangostin competitively inhibits the binding of alpha-mangostin (α-KG) to IDH1-R132H. The structure–relationship study reveals that alpha-mangostin exhibits the strongest core inhibitor structure. Alpha-mangostin selectively promotes demethylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and histone H3 trimethylated lysine residues in IDH1 (+/R132H) MCF10A cells[1]. Cell proliferation significantly decreases in a dose-dependent manner in the cells treated with alpha-mangostin. Alpha-mangostin also increases the levels of Bax (pro-apoptotic), cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)[2]. Alpha-mangostin significantly inhibits light-induced degeneration of photoreceptors and 200 μM H2O2-induced apoptosis of RPE cells. 200 μM H2O2-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and light-induced generation of malondialdehyde (MDA) are suppressed by alpha-mangostin[3].
Kinase Assay
Cell Assay
IDH1+/+ and IDH1 MCF10A cells are grown in DMEM/F-12 media, supplemented with 5% horse serum, 20 ng/mL EGF, 0.5 μg/mL hydrocortisone, 10 μg/mL insulin. IDH1+/+ and IDH1 MCF10A cells are seeded in 6 well plates. After an exposure to 5 μM alpha-mangostin. cells are collected after indicated times and the viable cell number is calculated, using hemacytometer counting[1].
Animal Administration
Rats: Male Wistar rats are divided into 3 groups and treated with intraperitoneal injections of TAA (200 mg/kg). One subgroup is left untreated whereas the other two are treated either with 100 mg/kg alpha-mangostin or vehicle alone (80% DMSO, 20% water), which are administered intraperitoneally 3 times per weekfor a total of4 weeks. The incidence offibrotic nodules on the liver and the serum levels of the liver enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) are measured[4].
References
[1]. Kim HJ, et al. Discovery of α-mangostin as a novel competitive inhibitor against mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase-1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2015 Dec 1;25(23):5625-31.
[2]. Lee HN, et al. Antitumor and apoptosis-inducing effects of α-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.) in YD-15 tongue mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med. 2016 Apr;37(4):939-48.
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