Calcium Stearate as an Effective Alternative to Poly(vinyl alcohol) in Poly-Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid Nanoparticles Synthesis.

4-Phenylbutyric acid is an antineoplastic agent.

2-Acetylpyrazine is a pyrazine and a ketone. It is a yellow-brown powder at room temperature.

N-Monoacetylcystine is an antidote for paracetamol poisoning. It is also an antioxidant, used in the treatment of influenza A virus pandemic. N-Acetyl-L-cystine promotes fertilization by reducing disulfide bonds in zona pellucida of mouse.

Hydrocortisone Acetate is the synthetic acetate salt form of hydrocortisone, a corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Hydrocortisone acetate initially binds to the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor; then the receptor-ligand complex is translocated to the nucleus where it initiates the transcription of genes encoding for anti-inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and lipocortins. Lipocortins inhibit phospholipase A2, thereby blocking the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and preventing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

Adrenone hydrochloride displays antineoplastic activity and has been shown to inhibit growth of Ehrlich ascites tumors in mice.

Dimethoate is an organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.

Tetracycline, sold under the brand name Sumycin among others, is an antibiotic used to treat a number of infections. This includes acne, cholera, brucellosis, plague, malaria, and syphilis. It possesses some level of bacteriostatic activity against almost all medically relevant aerobic and anaerobic bacterial genera, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative.

Salicylamide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Its medicinal uses are similar to those of aspirin.

PEG3-Tos is a PEG derivative containing a hydroxyl group and a tosyl group. The hydrophilic PEG spacer increases solubility in aqueous media. The hydroxyl group enables further derivatization or replacement with other reactive functional groups. The tosyl group is a very good leaving group for nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Dansyl chloride is a reactive probe for the derivatization of primary amines, including those on amino acids, peptides, and polyamines, for detection by HPLC. It has also been used for the derivatization of compounds containing phenol groups, such as steroids, for detection by MS/MS. Dansyl chloride is a fluorescent probe for proteins and enzymes. It displays excitation/emission maxima of 340/535 nm, respectively, in acetone.

Dicalcium phosphate is the calcium phosphate with the formula CaHPO4 and its dihydrate. The "di" prefix in the common name arises because the formation of the HPO42– anion involves the removal of two protons from phosphoric acid, H3PO4. It is also known as dibasic calcium phosphate or calcium monohydrogen phosphate. Dicalcium phosphate is used as a food additive, it is found in some toothpastes as a polishing agent and is a biomaterial.[

Mal-amido-PEG2-NHS is a PEG derivative containing a maleimide group and an NHS ester. The hydrophilic PEG spacer increases solubility in aqueous media. The NHS ester can be used to label the primary amines (-NH2) of proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules. The maleimide group will react with a thiol group to form a covalent bond, enabling the connection of biomolecule with a thiol.

Omeprazole sodium is the salt analogue of Omeprazole, which binds covalently to proton pump. It inhibits gastric secretion. Used as an anttiulcerative.

Citrazinic acid inhibits 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent, Sch 1000) monohydrate is an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) with IC50 of 2.9 nM, 2.0 nM, and 1.7 nM for M1, M2, and M3 receptors, respectively.

Elastase from porcine pancreas is a single polypeptide chain of 240 amino acid residues. Elastase from porcine pancreas is a serine protease that can hydrolyze proteins and polypeptide. Elastase from porcine pancreas can induce emphysema in hamsters.

4'-Hydroxy-3'-methylacetophenone, a phenolic volatile compound, is isolated from Hawaiian green coffee beans (Coffea Arabica L.). 4'-Hydroxy-3'-methylacetophenone has potent antioxidant activities. 4'-Hydroxy-3'-methylacetophenone also can be used to synthesize heterocyclic compounds which have antimycobacterial activity.

Dibutyltin dilaurate is used in prevention of parasitic dieases in cattle and sheep.

Lipid 15 is the lead ionizable cationic lipid (ICL) for CD8-targeted mRNA-LNPs. As the core LNP component, Lipid 15 yields ~100 nm uniform particles with near-neutral surface charge at physiological pH, while becoming strongly cationic in acidic endosomes—reducing hepatic off-target uptake and enabling efficient endosomal escape to release mRNA. Versus other ICL candidates, Lipid 15 achieves far higher mRNA transfection efficiency in primary human CD8⁺ T cells, supports robust transient CAR expression, and triggers minimal cytokine release in immunogenicity assays. It retains structural and functional stability after freeze storage. When formulated into anti-CD8 VHH-conjugated LNPs carrying CD22 CAR mRNA, Lipid 15 drives specific in vivo reprogramming of circulating CD8⁺ T cells into functional CAR-T cells, delivering potent tumor suppression in humanized hematological malignancy models without overt toxicity.