Gamabufotalin (Gamabufagin), a main active compound isolated from Chinese medicine Chansu, has been shown to strongly inhibit cancer cell growth and inflammatory response. Gamabufotalin could inhibite angiogenesis by inhibiting the activation of VEGFR-2 signaling pathways.

α-Spinasterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside is a sterol glucoside that can be isolated from the seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis.

3-O-galloylmucic acid is a natural flavonoid that can be found in Ardisia splendens.

Tectochrysin (Techtochrysin) is one of the major flavonoids of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel. Tectochrysin inhibits activity of NF-κB.

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Erigeside I is a free radical scavenger isolated from Erigeron breviscapus.

Isosinensetin is a flavonoid compound and an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease and PTP1B (IC50: 2.61 µM; Ki: 0.92 µM). Isosinensetin inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in MDR1-MDCKII cells. Isosinensetin has multiple activities such as anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.

Songorine is a BBB-permeable diterpenoid alkaloid isolated from the genus Aconitum. Songorine is a GABAA receptor antagonist in rat brain and has anti cancer, antiarrhythmic and anti-inflammatory activities. Songorine has the potential for the treatment of Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Cucurbitacin IIb is an active component isolated from Hemsleya amabilis, induces apoptosis with anti-inflammatory activity. Cucurbitacin IIb inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3, JNK and Erk1/2, enhances the phosphorylation of IκB and NF-κB (p65), blocks nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) and decreases mRNA levels of IκBα and TNF-α.

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Edpetiline is an anti-inflammatory agent. Edpetiline inhibits the phosphorylation of IκB, nuclear transcription/translocation of NF-κB p65, as well as the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK MAPK. Edpetiline reduces intracellular ROS levels, inhibits the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2, and promotes the expression of IL-4. Edpetiline is applicable to the research of diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.

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3′,6-Disinapoylsucrose is a type of oligosaccharide that's effective when taken orally, and it has antidepressant, anti-anxiety, and antioxidant properties. 3′,6-Disinapoylsucrose inhibits neuronal apoptosis by lowering the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 in hippocampal neurons, and it enhances cognitive function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by activating the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.

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20(R)-Notoginsenoside R2 is an isolated notoginsenoside from Panax notoginseng.

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Sanguinarine (Sanguinarin) gluconate, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, can stimulate apoptosis via activating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sanguinarine-induced apoptosis is associated with the activation of JNK and NF-κB.

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Baohuoside I, a flavonoid isolated from Epimedium koreanum Nakai, acts as an inhibitor of CXCR4, downregulates CXCR4 expression, induces apoptosis and shows anti-tumor activity.

1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone (Desmethylbellidifolin) is a natural xanthone extracted from Swertia chirata. 1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone has antispasmodic effect and anti-inflammatory activity.

Acetylastragaloside I is a glycoside that can be isolated from the roots of Astragalus baibutensis. Acetylastragaloside I is the first cycloartane-type triterpene with remarkable trypanocidal activity with IC50 values of 9.5 and 5.0 μg/mL for T. brucei rhodesiense and T. cruzi, respectively. Acetylastragaloside I can be used for the research of trypanosome infection.

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Oridonin (Cmpd-5, NSC 250682) is a natural ent-kaurane diterpenoid from Rabdosia rubescens identified as a first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor that directly binds β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2 with high nanomolar to low micromolar affinity. Oridonin broadly suppresses β-arrestin recruitment, receptor desensitization, internalization, and downstream ERK signaling across multiple GPCR families, and abrogates T-cell chemotaxis.

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YSK 05 is a pH-sensitive cationic lipid. YSK 05 improves the intracellular trafficking of non-viral vectors. YSK 05-MEND shows significantly good gene silencing activity and hemolytic activity. YSK 05 overcomes the suppression of endosomal escape by PEGylation. YSK 05 effectively enhances siRNA delivery both in vitro and in vivo.