Agitoxin-2 TFA is a K+ channel inhibitor, with IC50 values of 201 pM and 144 pM for mKV1.3 and mKV1.1, respectively).

Agitoxin-2 is a K+ channel inhibitor, with IC50 values of 201 pM and 144 pM for mKV1.3 and mKV1.1, respectively).

ShK-Dap22 TFA is a potent Kv1.3-specific immunosuppressive Polypeptide. ShK-Dap22 TFA is a selective Kv1.3 channel blocker with IC50s of 23 pM, 1.8 nM, 10.5 nM, 37 nM, and 39 nM for mKv1.3, mKv1.1, hKv1.6, mKv1.4, and rKv1.2 channels, respectively.

ShK-Dap22 is a potent Kv1.3-specific immunosuppressive Polypeptide. ShK-Dap22 is a selective Kv1.3 channel blocker with IC50s of 23 pM, 1.8 nM, 10.5 nM, 37 nM, and 39 nM for mKv1.3, mKv1.1, hKv1.6, mKv1.4, and rKv1.2 channels, respectively.

Catestatin TFA is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide. Catestatin TFA is an endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure. Catestatin TFA is a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to inhibit catecholamine release.

Catestatin is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide. Catestatin is an endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure. Catestatin is a non-competitive nicotinic antagonist acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to inhibit catecholamine release.

α-Conotoxin AuIB TFA, a potent and selective α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, blocks α3β4 nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes with an IC50 of 0.75 μM.

α-Conotoxin AuIB, a potent and selective α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, blocks α3β4 nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes with an IC50 of 0.75 μM.

α-Conotoxin PIA TFA is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist isolated from Conus purpurascens that targets nAChR subtypes containing α6 and α3 subunits. α-Conotoxin PIA has the potential for the research of Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia。

α-Conotoxin PIA is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist isolated from Conus purpurascens that targets nAChR subtypes containing α6 and α3 subunits. α-Conotoxin PIA has the potential for the research of Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia。

α-Conotoxin PnIA TFA, a potent and selective antagonist of the mammalian α7 nAChR, has the potential for the research of neurological conditions such as neuropathic pain and Alzheimer’s disease.

α-Conotoxin PnIA, a potent and selective antagonist of the mammalian α7 nAChR, has the potential for the research of neurological conditions such as neuropathic pain and Alzheimer’s disease.

α-Bungarotoxin is a competitive antagonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). α-Bungarotoxin, a selective α7 receptor blocker, blocks α7 currents with an IC50 of 1.6 nM and has no effects on α3β4 currents at concentrations up to 3 μM.

Huwentoxin-IV TFA is a potent and selective sodium channel blocker, inhibits neuronal Nav1.7, Nav1.2, Nav1.3 and Nav1.4 with IC50s of 26, 150, 338 and 400 nM, respectively. Huwentoxin-IV TFA preferentially blocks peripheral nerve subtype Nav1.7 by binding neurotoxin receptor site 4. Huwentoxin-IV TFA has analgesic effects on animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.

Huwentoxin-IV is a potent and selective sodium channel blocker, inhibits neuronal Nav1.7, Nav1.2, Nav1.3 and Nav1.4 with IC50s of 26, 150, 338 and 400 nM, respectively. Huwentoxin-IV preferentially blocks peripheral nerve subtype Nav1.7 by binding neurotoxin receptor site 4. Huwentoxin-IV has analgesic effects on animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.

L-R4W2 TFA is a potent antagonist of vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1, TRPV1), with an IC50 of 0.1 μM. L-R4W2 TFA may act as a potent analgesic.

L-R4W2 is a potent antagonist of vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1, TRPV1), with an IC50 of 0.1 μM. L-R4W2 may act as a potent analgesic.

K41498 TFA is a potent and highly selective CRF2?receptor antagonist with Ki?values of 0.66 nM, 0.62 nM and 425 nM for human CRF2α, CRF2β?and CRF1 receptors respectively. K41498 TFA is an analogues of antisauvagine-30 (aSvg-30), inhibits sauvagine-stimulated cAMP accumulation in hCRF2α- and hCRF2β-expressing cells. K41498 TFA can be used for hypotension?study.

β-Pompilidotoxin TFA (β-PMTX TFA), a wasp venom, can slow sodium channel inactivation and increases steady-state sodium current in cells.

β-Pompilidotoxin (β-PMTX), a wasp venom, can slow sodium channel inactivation and increases steady-state sodium current in cells.

ω-Agatoxin IVA is a potent, selective P/Q type Ca2+ channel blocker with IC50s of 2 nM and 90 nM for P-type and Q-type Ca2+ channels, respectively. ω-Agatoxin IVA (IC50, 30-225 nM) inhibits glutamate exocytosis and calcium influx elicited by high potassium. ω-Agatoxin IVA also blocks the high potassium-induced release of serotonin and norepinephrine. ω-Agatoxin IVA has no effect on L-type or N-type calcium channels.

ω-Agatoxin TK, a peptidyl toxin of the venom of Agelenopsis aperta, is a potent and selective P/Q type Ca2+ channel blocker. ω-Agatoxin TK inhibits the high K+ depolarisation-induced rise in internal Ca2+ in cerebral isolated nerve endings with an IC50 of of 60 nM. ω-Agatoxin TK has no effect on L-type, N-type, or T-type calcium channels.

Huwentoxin XVI TFA, an analgesic, is a highly reversible and selective mammalian N-type calcium channel (IC50 of ~60 nM) antagonist from Chinese tarantula Ornithoctonus huwena. Huwentoxin XVI TFA has no effect on voltagegated T-type calcium channels, potassium channels or sodium channels.

Huwentoxin XVI, an analgesic, is a highly reversible and selective mammalian N-type calcium channel (IC50 of ~60 nM) antagonist from Chinese tarantula Ornithoctonus huwena. Huwentoxin XVI has no effect on voltagegated T-type calcium channels, potassium channels or sodium channels.

CALP1 TFA is a calmodulin (CaM) agonist (Kd of 88 μM) with binding to the CaM EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site. CALP1 TFA blocks calcium influx and apoptosis (IC50 of 44.78 μM) through inhibition of calcium channel opening. CALP1 TFA blocks glutamate receptor channels and blocks a store-operated nonselective cation channel. CALP1 TFA activates CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase activity.

CALP1 is a calmodulin (CaM) agonist (Kd of 88 μM) with binding to the CaM EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site. CALP1 blocks calcium influx and apoptosis (IC50 of 44.78 μM) through inhibition of calcium channel opening. CALP1 blocks glutamate receptor channels and blocks a store-operated nonselective cation channel. CALP1 activates CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase activity.

CALP2 TFA is a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist (Kd of 7.9 μM) with high affinity for binding to the CaM EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site. CALP2 TFA inhibits CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase activity and increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. CALP2 TFA potently inhibits of adhesion and degranulation. CALP2 TFA is also a strong activator of alveolar macrophages.

CALP2 is a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist ( (Kd of 7.9 μM)) with high affinity for binding to the CaM EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site. CALP2 inhibits CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase activity and increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. CALP2 potently inhibits of adhesion and degranulation. CALP2 is also a strong activator of alveolar macrophages.

SNX-482, a peptidyl toxin of the spider Hysterocrates gigas, is a potent, high affinity, selective and voltage-dependent R-type CaV2.3 channel blocker with an IC50 of 30 nM. SNX-482 has antinociceptive effect.

ProTx-I, a venom toxin of the tarantula Thrixopelma pruriens, is a potent, selective CaV3.1 channel blocker with IC50 values of 0.2 μM and 31.8 μM for hCaV3.1 and hCaV3.2 respectively. ProTx-I is also a potent blocker for voltage-gated Na+ channels and inhibits KV 2.1 channels.