PGE-M is a metabolite of prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) as a biomarker of inflammation and cancer including advanced colorectal neoplasia, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and so on. Urinary PGE-M is positively associated with obesity, smoking and lung metastases with breast cancer.

Glutathione oxidized disodium is produced by the oxidation of glutathione which is a major intracellular antioxidant and detoxifying agent.

Guanidine thiocyanate is a chaotropic agent. Guanidine thiocyanate can be used as a protein denaturant and a nucleic acid protector in the extraction of DNA and RNA from cells.

Octacosanoic acid is a very long-chain saturated fatty acid. It is the major component of D-003, a mixture of very long-chain aliphatic acids purified from sugar cane wax that has antiplatelet and cholesterol-lowering activities in animal models.

Leu-Leu-OH is a human endogenous metabolite.

Fmoc-L-Lys (Boc)-OH-15N2 is a 15N-labeled Xanthine. Xanthine, a plant alkaloid found in tea, coffee, and cocoa, is a mild stimulant of the central nervous system. Xanthine also acts as an intermediate product on the pathway of purine degradation[1][2][3].

L-Methionine-34S is a 34S-labeled L-Methionine. L-Methionine is the L-isomer of Methionine, an essential amino acid for human development. Methionine acts as a hepatoprotectant.

SAH-13C5 (SAH (S-Adenosylhomocysteine)-13C5) is the 13C-labeled SAH. SAH (S-Adenosylhomocysteine) is an amino acid derivative and a modulartor in several metabolic pathways. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of cysteine and adenosine. SAH is an inhibitor for METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer complex (METTL3-14) with an IC50 of 0.9 µM.

Cholestenone-13C is the 13C labeled Cholestenone. Cholestenone (4-Cholesten-3-one), the intermediate oxidation product of cholesterol, is metabolized primarily in the liver. Cholestenone is highly mobile in membranes and influences cholesterol flip-flop and efflux. Cholestenone may cause long-term functional defects in cells.

l-α-tocopherol acetate-13C4,d6 is the 13C- and deuterium-labeled l-α-tocopherol acetate. l-α-tocopherol acetate is a natural tocopherol and has potent antioxidant activities.

L-Kynurenine sulfate, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist that activates AHR-directed, naive T cell polarization to the anti-inflammatory Treg phenotype.

Guanidinoethyl sulfonate (Taurocyamine), a transport antagonist of taurine, induces much urinary taurine excretion with a resulting decrease in the tissue taurine content and readily produces taurine-deficient fetal rats in pregnant rats. Guanidinoethyl sulfonate, a structural analogue of taurine, acts as a competitive inhibitor of taurine transport.

Ac-β-Ala-OH (N-Acetyl-β-alanine), an abnormal amino acid metabolite, is a mono-N-protected amino acid (MPAA) ligand.

9-PAHPA is a fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA). FAHFAs are a new family of endogenous lipids, have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects.

6-trans-12-epi-Leukotriene B4, an arachidonic acid metabolite, is a potent anti-inflammatory agent.

BOC-L-Phenylalanine-13C is a 13C-labeled BOC-L-Phenylalanine. BOC-L-Phenylalanine is a derivative of Phenylalanine.

Pyridoxine-13C4 (Pyridoxol-13C4) hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled Pyridoxine (hydrochloride). Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Pyridoxol; Vitamin B6) is a pyridine derivative. Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol; Vitamin B6) exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of Alzheimer's disease via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.

Thiamine-13C3 (Thiamine chloride-13C3) hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled Thiamine (hydrochloride). Thiamine hydrochloride (Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) is an essential micronutrient needed as a cofactor for many central metabolic enzymes.

Retinol-d6 (Vitamin A1-d6) is the deuterium labeled Vitamin A. Retinol is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Methoxyestrone-13C6 is the 13C-labeled 2-Methoxyestrone. 2-Methoxyestrone is a methoxylated catechol estrogen and metabolite of estrone, with a pKa of 10.81.

2-Hydroxyestrone-13C6 (Catecholestrone-13C6) is the 13C-labeled 2-Hydroxyestrone. 2-Hydroxyestrone (Catecholestrone) is a specific receptor-mediated antiestrogenic agent. 2-Hydroxyestrone is anticarcinogenic.

F-14329 is a tetramic acid fungal metabolite.

Butyrolactone II is a fungal metabolite isolated from Aspergillus flavipes.

1-Aminopropan-2-ol is a microbial metabolism of amino alcohol metabolism via propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde in a species of Pseudomonas.

2-Hydroxypalmitic acid is an intermediate in phytosphingosine metabolism.

Phenylacetyl CoA is an acceptor oxidoreductase. Phenylacetyl CoA is a membrane-bound molybdenum–iron–sulfur enzyme involved in anaerobic metabolism of phenylalanine in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)sodium is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic Acid sodium exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid sodium activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic Acid sodium can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation.

Murideoxycholic acid is a 6 beta-hydroxylated bile acid.

(Rac)-sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate is an a-site substrate analogue. (Rac)-sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate is bound to the a-site, the rate of reaction of indole and nucleophilic indole analogues with E(A-A) is strongly inhibited.

1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is the metabolite of caffeine. The metabolic ratio 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid to caffeine can be evaluated as a biomarker to describe variability in CYP3A activity in a cohort.