Boscalid is a broad-spectrum fungicide widely used in agriculture to protect crops from fungal diseases. Its bioactivity stems from its ability to inhibit fungal respiration by targeting succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II) in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. By binding to this enzyme, Boscalid blocks electron transfer, disrupting ATP synthesis and energy production in fungal cells, ultimately leading to their death. This mechanism makes Boscalid highly effective against a wide range of fungal pathogens, including Botrytis, Alternaria, Sclerotinia, and powdery mildew species.

SABA1 is an antibacterial agent effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. It works by inhibiting biotin carboxylase (BC), an enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) reaction, a process essential for bacterial fatty acid synthesis. What makes SABA1 particularly notable is its atypical inhibition mechanism: it binds to the biotin binding site of BC in the presence of ADP. This unique mode of action distinguishes SABA1 as a promising candidate for the development of new antibiotics, offering a potential solution to the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance.

Idoxuridine is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral and anticancer drug. It is a nucleoside analogue, a modified form of deoxyuridine, similar enough to be incorporated into viral DNA replication, but the iodine atom added to the uracil component blocks base pairing. It is used only topically due to cardiotoxicity. It was synthesized by William Prusoff in the late 1950s. Initially developed as an anticancer drug, idoxuridine became the first antiviral agent in 1962.

Pinostrobin is a flavonoid with diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Pinostrobin is a dietary bioflavonoid discovered more than 6 decades ago in the heart-wood of pine (Pinus strobus). Pinostrobin has depicted many pharmacological activities including anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-leukaemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-aromatase activities. It is an inhibitor of sodium channel and Ca(2+) signalling pathways and also inhibits intestinal smooth muscle contractions.

Pinocembrin, also known as DL-0108, is an androgen receptor ligand potentially for the treatment of acute stroke.

NDI-101150​ is a highly selective, orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor targeting hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1/MAP4K1), a key negative regulator of T-cell signaling. This compound demonstrates potent immunomodulatory activity by enhancing T-cell activation and proliferation, while simultaneously exhibiting robust antitumor efficacy in preclinical models. Its mechanism of action involves disrupting HPK1-mediated suppression of immune responses, leading to improved T-cell function and sustained inhibition of tumor progression. With its favorable pharmacokinetic profile and specificity for HPK1, NDI-101150 represents a promising therapeutic candidate for cancer immunotherapy, particularly in settings where T-cell activity is compromised.

Sunvozertinib is a potent inhibitor targeting the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) and Her2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2), as well as BTK (Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase). It exhibits particularly strong activity against mutant forms of these kinases, which are often associated with resistance to existing therapies in cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The IC50 values (half-maximal inhibitory concentr.

Bavituximab (Anti-Human Phosphatidylserine Recombinant Antibody) is a phosphatidylserine (PS)-targeting monoclonal antibody, suppresses tumor growth by targeting tumor vasculature and reactivating antitumor immunity. Bavituximab plus Paclitaxel (HY-B0015) and Carboplatin (HY-17393), have enhanced inhibition on non-small-cell lung cancer.

Tovetumab (MEDI-575) is an anti-PDGFRα monoclonal antibody that selectively blocks the PDGFRα signal transduction. Tovetumab can be used in the research of glioblastoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Olaratumab (IMC-3G3; LY3012207) is an anti-platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) human monoclonal IgG1 antibody with antitumor activity.

Balstilimab (AGEN2034) is a fully human monoclonal IgG4 antibody against PD-1.

Penpulimab is an IgG1 backbone anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody with antitumor activities.

Serplulimab (HLX 10) is humanized monoclonal anti-PD-1 antibody. Serplulimab can be used in research of small cell lung cancer.

Ezabenlimab (BI-754091) is an anti-PD-1 mAb with binding constant Kd value of 6 nM (CHO cells). Ezabenlimab blocks the interaction of PD-1 with PD-L1 and PD-L2. Ezabenlimab increases interferon-γ secretion in T cells, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo.

Budigalimab (ABBV 181; PR 1648817) is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor. Budigalimab is Fc mutated thus to reduce Fc receptor interactions and limit effector function.

DSPE-PEG-TCO (2000 Da) is a functionalized polyethylene glycol lipid conjugate engineered to enhance drug delivery systems. This amphiphilic polymer-lipid hybrid demonstrates unique capabilities in optimizing the bioavailability and targeted distribution of hydrophobic therapeutic compounds. Its molecular architecture combines a lipid anchor with a biocompatible PEG chain terminated by a trans-cyclooctene (TCO) group, enabling precise tissue-specific interactions while improving pharmacokinetic profiles. Researchers frequently employ this advanced biomaterial in developing nanoparticle formulations and ligand-directed therapeutic platforms for enhanced precision medicine applications.

ML316 is a specific antifungal agent that fungal-selectively inhibits the mitochondrial phosphate carrier Mir1, exhibits potent antifungal activity against the moderatelyazole-resistant C. albicans strain CaCi-2 with MIC of 0.05 ug/ml.

NCI-65828 (designated as N 65828，NSC-65828) is a small-molecule inhibitor targeting angiogenin (ANG), a protein critical for angiogenesis and cellular proliferation. Its therapeutic potential stems from selective suppression of ANG's ribonucleolytic function, a biochemical activity essential for mediating downstream biological effects. By disrupting ANG's enzymatic capacity to cleave RNA substrates, NCI-65828 attenuates the protein's pro-angiogenic signaling pathways. Preclinical evaluations highlight its multifaceted antitumor properties. In vitro studies using diverse cancer cell models—including bladder carcinoma (T24; IC₅₀ = 1.3 ± 0.5 μM), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa; IC₅₀ = 1.9 ± 0.4 μM), and urothelial carcinoma (UROtsa; IC₅₀ = 3.2 ± 0.8 μM)—demonstrate dose-dependent antiproliferative effects, with potency variations reflecting tissue-specific sensitivity. Parallel experiments in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) reveal significant inhibition of capillary-like tube formation, confirming its antiangiogenic efficacy in disrupting endothelial morphogenesis. Notably, in vivo investigations using transgenic murine models demonstrate that NCI-65828 effectively suppresses the development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions. Mechanistic analysis indicates this activity arises from direct enzymatic inhibition rather than interference with ANG's intracellular trafficking, as nuclear translocation remains unaffected—a distinguishing feature that differentiates it from other ANG-targeted agents. This selective mode of action positions NCI-65828 as a precision tool for studying ANG-dependent pathologies.