GVS-18-B6 is a silicon ether-based ionizable lipid (pKa:6.15) developed by Genevant, optimized for mRNA-LNP delivery, characterized by a short-chain trialkyl structure with three C10 alkyl chains (including a cis double bond) and a dimethylamino (DMA) head group linked via a 4-carbon spacer (pKa ~6.15). Its LNP formulations exhibit a narrow particle size distribution (89 nm, PDI=0.06), high mRNA encapsulation efficiency (90%), and pH-dependent surface charge (−0.11 mV at pH 7.5 vs. +2.69 mV at pH 5.5), facilitating endosomal escape. ​​In vivo​​, GVS-18-B6 demonstrated superior liver-specific mRNA expression (5.30×10⁷ pg EGFP/g liver, 2.6× higher than MC3) with minimal spleen accumulation (liver/spleen ratio 92:1 vs. MC3’s 10:1), attributed to rapid non-enzymatic hydrolysis of its silicon ether bonds. This mechanism enables near-complete hepatic clearance within 6 hours in mice and 24 hours in NHPs, avoiding long-term organ retention (MC3 retained 25% in liver after 28 days). Compared to benchmarks (MC3, SM-102, LP-01), GVS-18-B6 showed enhanced potency in RBC hemolysis assays (pH 6.2), indicating earlier endosomal membrane disruption, and maintained stability through 12-month frozen storage or repeated freeze-thaw cycles. ​​Toxicity profiling​​ revealed minimal immunogenicity (MCP-1 levels 0.58×10⁶ vs. MC3’s 1.10×10⁶) and no ALT/AST elevation or anti-PEG antibody induction in NHPs after repeated dosing. Its species-agnostic clearance, low off-target effects, and high tolerability (6 mg/kg dose in mice) position GVS-18-B6 as a leading candidate for chronic disease therapies requiring frequent mRNA administration.

Nisoxetine hydrochloride is a potent and selective inhibitor of noradrenaline transporter (NET), with a Kd of 0.76 nM. Nisoxetine hydrochloride is an antidepressant and local anesthetic, it can block voltage-gated sodium channels.

WS6 is a β cell proliferation inducer via modulation of Erb3 binding protein-1 (EBP1) and the IκB kinase pathway.

ML353 (VU0478006) is a highly potent, selective, MPEP-site silent allosteric modulator of mGlu5 receptor with with sub-100 nM affinity.

Novel potent and selective antagonist of human Complement C3a receptor

UoS12258 (UoS-12258) is a selective, positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptor with pEC50 of 5.6.

Novel potent and selective NADPH oxidase inhibitor, targeting Nox4 in TGFβ-induced lens epithelial to mesenchymal transition

NUNC10112785 is a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor with a human GSK-3β IC50 of 0.031 μM, human CDK-2 IC50 of 0.016 μM, and human CDK-4 IC50 of 1.99 μM. UNC10112785 can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes.

AZ-8838 (AZ8838) is a potent, and selective PAR2 antagonist with Kd of 125 nM.

Novel potent inhibitor of the GRK2--​dependent bovine tubulin oxidation

Imidacloprid impurity 1 (IMP-2) is the impurity found during the synthesis of Ivermectin.

PD-089828 is an ATP competitive inhibitor of FGFR-1, PDGFR-β and EGFR (IC50s=0.15, 1.76, and 5.47 µM, respectively) and a noncompetitive inhibitor of c-Src tyrosine kinase (IC50=0.18 µM). PD-089828 also inhibits MAPK with an IC50 of 7.1 µM.

GSK-J1 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the H3K27 histone demethylases JMJD3 and UTX (IC50 = 60 nM for human JMJD3 in vitro).

PF9601N is a selective and potent monoamine oxidase B inhibitor that exhibit anti-Parkinsonian effects in several models of PD.

LDN192960 (LDN 192960) is a highly potent and selective DYRK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 13 nM toward DYRK2 at 50 uM ATP.LDN192960 suppresses Thr25 RPT3 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner in HEK293T cells transiently overexpressing DYRK2-FLAG, with maximal effects at 1-10 uM.LDN192960 does not inhibit any of the 130+ kinases including other CMGC kinase family members that are closely related to the DYRKs.LDN192960 binds to the ATP-binding pocket of DYRK2, also potently inhibits DYRK1A, DYRK3 and Pim with IC50 of <3, 122 and 10 nM, respectively.LDN192960 perturbs proteasome activity, induces cell death, and impedes proliferation and invasion on MDA-MB-468 cells.LDN192960 impedes MM progression and delays myeloma-mediated bone degeneration.LDN192960 induces cytotoxicity in bortezomib-resistant MM, both in cells and in vivo. significantly alleviates tumor burden in standard and PDX TNBC models.

CRANAD-2 is a difluoroboron-derivatized curcumins as near-infrared probe for in vivo detection of amyloid-beta deposits. Upon interacting with Abeta aggregates, CRANAD-2 undergoes a range of changes, which include a 70-fold fluorescence intensity increase, a 90 nm blue shift (from 805 to 715 nm), and a large increase in quantum yield. Moreover, this probe also shows a high affinity for Abeta aggregates (K(d) = 38.0 nM), a reasonable log P value (log P = 3), considerable stability in serum, and a weak interaction with albumin. After intravenous injection of this probe, 19-month-old Tg2576 mice exhibited significantly higher relative signal than that of the control mice over the same period of time.

A5-CE-C7-6 (3-tail analog) is a structural control compound derived from the standard 2-tail lipid(A5-CE-C7-6), with three carbonate alkyl chains linked to the A5 amine core.

LEE011 is an orally available cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor targeting cyclin D1/CDK4 and cyclin D3/CDK6 cell cycle pathway, with potential antineoplastic activity.

AO12 is a novel antioxidant ionizable lipid derived from SM-102 skeleton with para-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid side chains. Integrated into LNPs, it efficiently scavenges diverse reactive oxygen species including ·OH and ONOO⁻, shielding encapsulated mRNA from oxidative degradation. It retains fine LNP formulation features and cellular uptake capacity of conventional lipids, boosting in vivo mRNA translation. Applied for regenerative mRNA therapy and CRISPR gene editing against fibrosis and inflammatory disorders.

NEK7 degrader-1 is a NEK7 molecular glue degrader with a DC50 of 9  nM. NEK7 degrader-1 dose-dependently inhibits caspase-1 activity and IL-Ιβ release in macrophages in response to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NEK7 degrader-1 can be used for autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis, neurodegeneraive diseases like Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular and melabolic disorders like pericarditis and Type 2 diabetes research.

PL-40​​ is a ​​cardiolipin-mimetic ionizable lipid​​ engineered for high-efficiency, antibody-free mRNA delivery to T cells. PL 40 LNPs exhibit a mean particle size of ​​120 nm​​, zeta potential of ​​-5.19 mV​​, and >80% mRNA encapsulation efficiency, with excellent plasma stability (≤5% size change after 6h in serum). Cryo-TEM reveals ​​polyhedral nanoparticles​​ with phase-separated domains, while SAXS confirms tight mRNA packing (d-spacing: ​​~3 nm​​ vs. 6.64 nm in conventional LNPs). AFM demonstrates exceptional rigidity (high bending modulus), enabling T cell-selective uptake via actin-mediated endocytosis (>2× higher than ALC0315 LNPs).In primary human T cells, PL40 LNPs achieve ​​>90% transfection​​ at 0.5 μg mRNA dose and sustain >100× higher luciferase expression than benchmark lipids. When delivering circular RNA, they extend protein expression ​​>5 days​​ with superior spleen tropism (spleen:liver ratio = ​​2.63​​). Crucially, they reprogram T cells into functional CAR-Ts in vivo without antibody conjugation, evading exhaustion markers (no Tim-3/PD-1 upregulation). Therapeutically, PL40-based uPAR-targeted CAR mRNA reduces liver fibrosis (​​collagen↓50%​​, ALT↓50%) and rheumatoid arthritis severity (​​clinical scores↓60%​​) by clearing senescent cells. Humanized anti-uPAR CARs delivered via PL40 show near-complete cytotoxicity (>95%) against uPAR+ cells, underscoring clinical translatability.

MRTX-1719 is a potent first-in-class selective inhibitor of the PRMT5/MTA complex, with an IC50 of less than 10 nM in PRMT5/MTA MTAPDEL SDMA cells.

LLL12B is a selective STAT3 inhibitor that suppresses Th17 development, specifically inhibits STAT3 and suppresses Th17 differentiation and expansion.

Lipid 51 is a top-performing thioglycerol-based biodegradable ionizable lipid disclosed in PCT patent WO2026/147683 (Eli Lilly, filed Dec 16, 2025). Built with cleavable thioester linkages, it balances neutral surface charge at physiological pH and protonatable amines in acidic endosomes for efficient mRNA encapsulation and endosomal escape. Formulated into LNPs with DSPC, cholesterol and DMG-PEG2K, it exhibits favorable particle size, low PDI and high RNA loading efficiency. In intracerebroventricular (ICV) mouse tests targeting central nervous system (CNS), it delivers Cre mRNA to brain neurons far more potently than Lipid 1/2/3, with the highest tissue fluorescent signal among all tested candidates. It shows low cellular toxicity in vitro and robust CNS tropism, making it an optimal carrier for brain-targeted mRNA and CRISPR gene editing therapeutics.

DPNB-ABT594 is a nitrobenzyl-caged ABT594 and activates nAChRs containing the α4β2 subunits with good selectivity than the α7 subunit. DPNB-ABT594 can be used to map the distribution of nAChRs on neurons of the medial habenula (MHb) and helps to gain a deeper understanding of the nAChR‐mediated Ca2+ signalling in the MHb.

PPIL4 is a member of the cyclophilin family, characterized by its peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase activity, which facilitates the folding of target proteins through accelerated rotation around proline imidic peptide bonds. In addition to this isomerase function, PPIL4 harbors an RNA-recognition motif (RRM), implicating it in post-transcriptional processes. This dual-domain architecture suggests that PPIL4 not only participates in protein conformation quality control but also interfaces with the spliceosomal machinery and broader RNA metabolic pathways, potentially coupling protein folding events with co-transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation.

AX6​​ is an ionizable lipid in the ​​F32 LNP​​ formulation, engineered by ReNAgade/Orna Therapeutics for targeted mRNA delivery to T cells. AX-6's unique ​​bridged bicyclic/polycyclic core​​ with a ​​tertiary amine group​​ enables pH-dependent protonation and endosomal escape, while ​​C14-C18 hydrophobic tails​​ (optionally branched/fluorinated) enhance bilayer stability and mRNA encapsulation. Demonstrating ​​exceptional T-cell tropism​​, AX6 achieves high transfection efficiency in CD4+/CD8+ T cells (validated in NHP/humanized models) with minimal toxicity. Compared to clinical benchmarks (SM-102, ALC-0315), its rigid core offers superior ​​serum stability​​ and ​​immune-cell specificity​​, positioning it as an ideal candidate for ​​CAR-T/NK therapies​​ and ​​next-gen vaccines​​. The F32 LNP system's proven efficacy (e.g., in vivo B-cell depletion) underscores AX 6's transformative potential for ​​cell engineering​​ and ​​immunotherapies​​.

Alogabat (example 8) is a GABAA α5 receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) (extracted from patent WO2018104419A1).

MM0299 analog 13 (MM 0299 derivative 13) is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable, brain-penetrant inhibitor of lanosterol synthase (LSS, competition EC50=28.7 nM) with anti-proliferative activity.