Vercirnon (GSK1605786A, CCX282-B) is a potent, selective, orally bioavailable antagonist of CCR9, inhibits CCR9-mediated Ca2+ mobilization and chemotaxis on Molt-4 cells with IC50 of 5.4 and 3.4 nM, respectively.Vercirnon (GSK1605786A, CCX282-B) displays high selectivity for CCR9 over CCR1-12 and CX3CR1-7 (IC50>10 uM).Vercirnon (GSK1605786A, CCX282-B) is an equipotent inhibitor of CCL25-directed chemotaxis of both splice forms of CCR9 (CCR9A and CCR9B) with IC50 values of 2.8 and 2.6 nM, respectively.CCX282-B also inhibited mouse and rat CCR9-mediated chemotaxis.Inhibition of CCR9 with CCX282-B results in normalization of Crohn's disease such as histopathology associated with the TNF(ΔARE) mice.

RS-1748 is a highly potent, selective, orallu active CCR4 antagonist, inhibits [125I]CCL17 binding to human CCR4 with IC50 of 59.9 nM.RS-1748 displays no competitive displacement in the binding of [125I]CCL3 (MIP-1α) to CCR1 and [125I]CCL2 (MCP-1) to CCR2b. dose-dependently inhibited 50 nM CCL22-induced [Ca2+]i mobilization with IC50 of 28.3 nM, inhibited the binding of [35S]GTPgS to human CCR4-expressing CHO cells with IC50 of 18.4 nM.Orally administered RS-1748 (30 mg/kg) significantly lowered the total cell numbers and the eosinophils numbers in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs.

RS-1269 is a highly potent, selective CCR4 antagonist, inhibits [125I]CCL17 binding to human CCR4 with IC50 of 27.7 nM.RS-1269 also has strong affinity to displace the CCL17 binding with IC50 of 27.0 nM in CCR4-expressing CHO cells.RS-1269 displays no competitive displacement in the binding of [125I]CCL3 (MIP-1α) to CCR1 and [125I]CCL2 (MCP-1) to CCR2b.RS-1269 dose-dependently inhibited CCL17-induced migration of Th2 cells with IC50 of 5.5 nM.Orally administered RS-1269 (30 mg/kg) ameliorates ovalbumin-induced ear swelling in mice.RS-1269 also inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α production in vivo.

Lazucirnon (KST4290, ALK4290) is a small molecule, orally active inhibitor against CCR3, the natural receptor for chemokine eotaxin, decreases inflammatory cytokines in preclinical models.Lazucirnon (KST4290, ALK4290) blocks eotaxin from binding to its G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) CCR3.CCR3 plays an important modulatory role in inflammation, immune cell recruitment, and neovascularization, processes important for the pathogenesis of wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) and other neurological and immunological diseases.

IS811 is a potent, selective CCR3 antagonist with IC50 of 2.0 nM, potently inhibits chemotaxis with EC50 of 19 nM.IS811 displays >100-fold selectivity over 5-HT2a, DAT and NET.IS811 (0-20 mg/kg) dose-dependently inhibited eotaxin-induced eosinophil influx to the lung in vivo.

HF50731 (HF-50731) is a novel potent, selective CXCR4 antagonist with Ki of 19.8 nM in the CXCR4 competitive binding assay.HF50731 significantly inhibited SDF-1α-induced calcium mobilization (IC50=621 nM) and cell migration, and blocked HIV-1 infection via antagonizing CXCR4 coreceptor function (IC50=1.5 uM).The structure-activity relationship analysis demonstrated that HF50731 could primarily occupy the minor subpocket of CXCR4 and partially bind in the major subpocket by interacting with residues W94, D97, D171, and E288.

GSK812397 is a potent, selective, noncompetitive, orally available antagonist of CXCR4 receptor, inhibits entry of X4-tropic strains of HIV-1 with IC50 of 4.60 nM and 1.50 nM in PBMCs and HOS assays, respectively; does not block CCR5-mediated viral entry in the R5 viral HOS assay (IC50>25 uM); produces a concentration-dependent decrease in both an SDF-1-mediated chemotaxis and intracellular calcium release (IC50=0.34 nM and 2.41 nM, respectively) in cell-based functional assays; demonstrates antiviral activity against a broad range of X4-utilizing strains of HIV-1.

GSK-2239633 is a potent, selective, allosteric CCR4 antagonist with pIC50 of 7.96; also inhibits TARC-induced increases in the F-actin content of isolated human CD4+ CCR4+ T-cells with pA2 of 7.1.

FLX-475 is a novel CCR4 antagonist for the treatment of cancer.

EMU-116 (EMU-000116) is a potent, selective CXCR4 antagonist with IC50 29.6 nM in Ca2+ flux assay.

DPC168 (DPC-168) is a highly potent, selective CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) antagonist with IC50 of 2.0 nM, inhibits eotaxin-induced chemotaxis with IC50 of 0.034 nM.DPC168 demonstrates potency for mouse CCR3 (chemotaxis IC50=41 nM) and oral bioavailability in mice (20% F).DPC168 reduced eosinophil recruitment into the lungs in a dose-dependent manner in these animal models.

CXCR7 modulator 20 is a small molecule modulator of the atypical chemokine receptor CXCR7 with Ki of 52 nM.

CCX-6239 is a novel potent, orally available CCR4 inhibitor with potential utility in the treatment of allergic airways disease.

CCR7 inhibitor Cmp1205 is an allosteric ligand and antagonist for human CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) with Kd of 3 nM, suppresses arrestin binding in response to activation by CCL19 with IC50 of 7.3 uM.Cmp1205 binds to a pocket at the intracellular part of CCR7 between the ends of TM1, TM2, TM3, and TM6 and the loop between TM7 and H8.Cmp1205 allosterically inhibits binding of the native chemokine CCL19 ligand in a membrane-based competition binding experiment with IC50 of 35 nM.

CCR2 inhibitor SD-24 is a potent selective CCR2 antagonist with pKi of 8.5.

CCR2 covalent-IN-14 is a covalent, negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of CCR2, binds to intracellularly pocket of CCR2 with Ki of 4 nM.CCR2 covalent-IN-14 is more potent than non-covalent analogue and wash-resistant in functional assays (IC50=33 nM in GTPγS binding assay on U2OS-CCR2 cell membranes, IC50=4 nM in β-arrestin recruitment assays).CCR2 covalent-IN-14 displays little to no inhibitory potency on CCR1 and CCR5.The affinity of CCR2 covalent-IN-14 for both the C70S and C75S CCR2 mutants is significantly decreased compared to WT CCR2.

BX471 is a potent, selective, orally available CCR1 antagonist with Ki of 1 nM for hCCR1, displays 100 times less affinity for rat CCR1; shows 10,000-fold selectivity for CCR1 compared with 28 GPCRs (); displays CCR1 ligands MIP-1α, RANTES, and MCP-3 with high affinity (Ki=1-5.5 nM), inhibits a number of CCR1-mediated effects including Ca(2+) mobilization, increase in extracellular acidification rate, CD11b expression; effectively reduces disease in a rat experimental allergic encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis.

BMS-570520 is a potent, selective CCR3 antagonist with IC50 of 1.9 nM, inhibits eotaxin-induced chemotaxis with IC50 of 0.068 nM.BMS-570520 displays reduced inhibition on CYP2D6 (IC50=1300 nM) compared with DPC168 (IC50=30 nM), also possesses >100-fold selectivity over 5-HT2a, DAT and NET.BMS-570520 showed good activity in murine models of CCR3 antagonism and greater in vitro potency and in vivo in the mouse intranasal eotaxin challenge mode.

AstraZeneca CCR4 antagonist is a potent, selective CCR4 antagonist, inhibits CCR4 ligand macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) in CCR4+CD4+ T cells.

AMD3451 is a specific, dual CXCR5/CXCR4 antagonist with antiviral activity against a wide variety of HIV-1 and HIV-2 (IC50=1.2 to 26.5 uM) in vitro.AMD3451 has antiviral activity against a wide variety of R5, R5/X4, and X4 strains if HIV-1 and HIV-2 in various T-cell lines, CCR5- or CXCR4-transfected cells, PBMCs, and monocytes/macrophages.AMD3451 inhibited R5, R5/X4, and X4 HIV-1 primary clinical isolates in PBMCs (IC50, 1.8 to 7.3 uM), AMD3451 blocks R5 and X4 HIV-1 infection at the virus entry stage.AMD3451 dose-dependently inhibited the intracellular Ca2+ signaling induced by the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12 in T-lymphocytic cells and in CXCR4-transfected cells, as well as the Ca2+ flux induced by the CCR5 ligands CCL5, CCL3, and CCL4 in CCR5-transfected cells.AMD3451 did not interfere with chemokine-induced Ca2+ signaling through CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR6, CCR9, or CXCR3 and did not induce intracellular Ca2+ signaling by itself at 400 uM.AMD3451 inhibited CXCL12- and CCL3L1-induced endocytosis in CXCR4- and CCR5-transfected cells.AMD3451 does not inhibit the binding of CXCR4- or CCR5-specific MAbs.

A potent, small molecule CXCR2 inhibitor with IC50 of 26 nM and 30 nM for mCXCR2 and hCXCR2, respectively; inhibits the growth and metastatic potential pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, enhances sensitivity to anti-PD1 immunotherapy in vivo; chemical analog of AZD 5069.

A potent, selective CCR5 antagonist and HIV-1 entry inhibitor.

A potent, selective CCR5 antagonist and HIV-1 entry inhibitor with pIC50 of 8.37 and 8.46 in HOS and PBL assays, respectively.

A novel potent, selective, brain-penetrating, orally active CXCR4 antagonist with Ki of 3 nM; inhibits tumor growth alone, increases the antitumor effects of bevacizumab and sunitinib in preclinical models of human glioblastoma; reduces the expression of Nestin in vivo, reduces tumor cell proliferation and accelerates cancer stem cell differentiation in glioblastoma preclinical models.

A novel potent, nonpeptide CXCR4 antagonist with IC50 of 0.93 nM; induces increased and prolonged mobilization of murine HSPC compared to AMD3100.

VUF11207 fumarate is a potent CXCR7 (ACKR3) agonist with EC50 of 1.6 nM, inducse recruitment of β-arrestin2 and subsequent internalization of CXCR7 in cells.

CXCR4 antagonist 4 is a potent, orally active CXCR4 antagonist (IC50=24 nM) with diminished CYP 2D6 activity, improved PAMPA permeability, potent inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus entry (IC50=7 nM).

HF51116 is a potent antagonist of CXCR4. HF51116 strongly antagonizes SDF-1α-induced cell migration, calcium mobilization, and CXCR4 internalization. HF51116 inhibits HIV-1 infection via CXCR4. HF51116 has the potential for the research of HIV-1 infection, hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, and cancer metastasis.

CXCR4 antagonist 3 (compound 12a) is a potent antagonist of CXCR4 with an IC50 of 11 nM. CXCR4 antagonist 3 is a congener of TIQ15. CXCR4 antagonist 3 demonstrates the best overall properties including CXCR4 antagonism, CYP 2D6 inhibition, metabolic stability, and permeability. CXCR4 antagonist 3 has the potential for the research of human immunodeficiency virus.

Fuscin, a fungal metabolite, CCR5 receptor antagonist with anti-HIV effects. Fuscin is a respiration and oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor, and also a mitochondrial SH-dependent transport-linked functions inhibitor.