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Home > RNA Delivery > Cationic/Ionizable Lipids

Cationic/Ionizable Lipids

In the past five years, DC Chemicals has focused on research and development in the RNA delivery field, successfully developing over 500 cationic lipid structures and maintaining an inventory of over 200 cationic lipids. We collaborate with leading gene delivery companies and research institutions worldwide, and our products and services have received widespread acclaim.
DC Chemicals has accumulated substantial experience in the synthesis of lipids, particularly for highly complex lipid molecules. Our unique chemical synthesis and purification processes often circumvent patented and literature-reported routes, allowing us to design new synthetic routes that yield lipid molecules with higher purity than those reported in literature and patents. Our representative molecules, such as LP-01, SM-102, ALC-0315, and DLIN-MC3-DMA, have purities exceeding 98% as tested by CAD-HPLC, placing them among the top purity products available.We have the capability to scale production from grams to kilograms.


Cationic ionizable lipids play a major role in the LNP formulation and its ability to transfect target cells with its cargo. The ionizable lipids are used to complex negatively charged nucleic acid cargo. The mRNA-cationic lipid complex fuses with the cell membrane and is then delivered into the cytosol. To be able to play these roles efficiently, a cationic ionizable lipid must be engineered with a suitable apparent acid dissociation constant (pKa). The apparent pKa of a cationic ionizable lipid is the likely pKa at the LNP surface. Currently, the cationic ionizable lipids in FDA-approved therapeutics all have an apparent pKa between 6-7. This is crucial for the cationic ionizable lipid to maintain a neutral charge while in systemic circulation (pH above the pKa of the lipid, pH ~7.5), as well as its ability to become positively charged in the endosome (pH ~6.5) and facilitate membrane fusion and subsequent cytosolic release.
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Cat. No. Product Name Field of Application Chemical Structure
DC67472 Hexa Lipid 114
Hexa lipid 114 represents a structural derivative of lipid 114, engineered as an ionizable cationic compound for enhanced nucleic acid delivery applications.
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DC66654 Lipid N2-3L
DC66650 CP-LC-0729
Lipid CP-LC-0729, an ionizable cationic amino lipid synthesized from homocysteine—a naturally occurring amino acid—has been shown to exhibit superior efficacy in the delivery and subsequent protein expression of various RNA modalities, including messenger RNA (mRNA), circular RNA (cRNA), and self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) in vivo. Importantly, CP-LC-0729 demonstrates an exemplary safety profile, with no observable toxicological effects in preclinical studies. Comparative analyses reveal that CP-LC-0729 significantly surpasses MC3, a widely utilized benchmark lipid nanoparticle formulation, in terms of protein expression efficiency. Specifically, CP-LC-0729 achieves a striking 32-fold enhancement in protein expression within lung tissue relative to MC3, underscoring its pronounced tissue selectivity and targeting efficacy for pulmonary applications. These findings suggest that CP-LC-0729 represents a highly promising candidate for the development of RNA-based therapeutics, particularly in the context of lung-targeted delivery systems, where its combination of high efficiency and low toxicity offers significant translational potential.
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DC66655 YHS-12
YHS-12 is an ionizable cationic lipid (pKa = 6.506) that has been used in the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of siRNA and mRNA in vitro and in vivo.1 LNPs containing YHS-12 and the macrophage targeting peptide CRVLRSGSC and encapsulating mRNA encoding chimeric antigen receptor targeting methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and siRNA targeting caspase-11 increase the phagocytosis rate of MRSA in RAW 264.7 macrophages and primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Intravenous administration of these LNPs decreases blood bacterial burden and increases survival in a model of sepsis using cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.
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DC60556 Lipid 29d
Lipid 29d is an ionizable lipid containing a thiophene moiety (Thio-lipid) for mRNA delivery. Lipid 29d enables LNPs to transfect the lung and spleen.
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DC67473 Lipid HTO12
HTO12 is an ionizable cationic lipid (pKa ~6.43) specifically designed for mRNA encapsulation in lipid nanoparticles. When formulated with complementary lipids, it enables efficient nucleic acid delivery in both cellular systems and living organisms.
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DC66220 Ionizable Lipid 4
Ionizable lipid 4 is an ionizable cationic lipid (pKa = 6.1) and a hydrogen peroxide-induced rearrangement product of the cationic lipid CA-lipid 5.1 Charge-altering lipid nanoparticles (CALNPs) containing CA-lipid 5 and encapsulating siRNA against EGFP undergo hydrogen peroxide-induced removal of the phenylboronic acid groups from CA-lipid 5 in MCF-7 cells in vitro, generating ionizable lipid 4-containing LNPs with reduced positive charges at physiological pH, facilitating intracellular siRNA release and gene silencing. LNPs containing ionizable lipid 4 and encapsulating siRNA against PLK1 reduce tumor volume in an MCF-7 mouse xenograft model less effectively than CALNPs containing CA-lipid 5.
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DC67129 IZ-Chol
IZ-Chol (IZ-Cholesterol) is an ionizable cationic lipid containing cholesterol. IZ-Chol-LNPs is highly potential to effectively complex with DNA, and endosome escape mechanisms mediated by proton sponge effect.
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DC66222 SIL Lipid
SIL lipid is an ionizable cationic lipid that has been used in the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of siRNA in vitro.1 LNPs containing SIL lipid and encapsulating siRNA targeting mRNA encoding the purinergic P2X7 receptor decrease protein levels of the purinergic P2X7 receptor, reduce migration in a wound healing assay, and induce apoptosis and necrosis in 4T1 breast cancer cells.
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DC67121 1-A-N
1-A-N is a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) used for in vivo delivery of siRNA. 1-A-N can regulate immune response by delivering siCD45 (siRNA targeting CD45) to T cells and silencing the CD45 gene.
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DC66221 E12CA1A3
E12CA1A3 is an ionizable cationic lipid (pKa = 6.4) that has been used in the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of mRNA in vitro and in vivo.1 LNPs containing E12CA1A3 and encapsulating an mRNA reporter induce luciferase reporter expression in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and mice. LNPs containing E12CA1A3 are cleared more rapidly from the liver than LNPs containing DLin-MC3-DMA (Item No. 34364) in mice.
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DC60555 C14-O2
C14-O2 is an oxidized lipid for mRNA delivery. C14-O2-LNP is capable of potent and selective delivery of mRNA to blood monocytes. C14-O2 LNP is used to deliver a functional CD19-CAR mRNA and is shown to engineer functional CAR monocytes directly in situ.
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DC67476 CAP 2 (hydrochloride)
CAP 2 is a unique ionizable lipid featuring a bicholesterol structure connected by a phosphate linker with an amino terminus. This design enables efficient in vivo delivery of both mRNA and saRNA via LNPs. In a Dmc1-deficient mouse model of male infertility, saRNA-encoded Dmc1 delivered by CAP 2 LNPs demonstrated prolonged protein expression in testicular tissue compared to mRNA formulations. The treatment restored spermatogenesis, improving germ cell maturation, seminiferous tubule morphology, and ultimately yielding functional sperm capable of fertilization.
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DC67475 FTT5 LLNs
FTT5 LLNs is a modified TT3-derived lipidoid optimized for nucleic acid delivery via lipid-like nanoparticles (LLNs). These formulations demonstrate hepatic tropism in mice and enhance reporter gene expression in Hep3B cells. Therapeutically, FTT5 LLNs successfully deliver Factor VIII mRNA to restore clotting activity in hemophilic mice and enable in vivo genome editing applications.
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DC67478 Lipid C-1
Lipid C-1 is an ionizable cationic amino lipid structurally derived from SM-102, optimized for enhanced mRNA delivery. When formulated into LNPs, it demonstrates superior transfection efficiency in Calu-3 cells, driving significantly higher luciferase reporter expression compared to its parent compound.
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DC65857 BAmP-O16B
BAmP-O16B is an ionizable cationic amino lipid that has been used in the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).
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DC65856 Lipid C3
Lipid C3 is an ionizable cationic lipid (pKa = 5.05-5.671).1,2 It has been used in the formation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of mRNA in vitro and in vivo.
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DC67122 Lipid 50
Lipid 50 (compound 50) is an ionizable lipid that can be used for the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Lipid 50 is a carrier for both siRNA and mRNA.
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DC65854 PPPDA-O16B
PPPDA-O16B is a disulfide bond-containing ionizable cationic lipid that has been used in the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for plasmid delivery in vitro and in vivo.
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DC67133 C10-200
C10-200-based LNPs show enhanced liver tropism for mRNA delivery, outperforming branched-chain lipidoids (e.g., C12-200) in hepatic reporter gene expression. The system's therapeutic potential is confirmed through successful EPO production, with measurable increases in circulating protein levels following administration.
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DC65853 (S)-C12-200
(S)-C12-200 is an ionizable cationic lipid (pKa = 7.12) and an isomer of C12-200 (Item No. 36699).1 It has been used in the formation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of mRNA in vivo.
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DC65852 C3-K2-E14
C3-K2-E14 is an ionizable cationic lipid (pKa = 5.5).1 It has been used in the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of mRNA or siRNA in vitro and in vivo.
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DC67485 A1-28
A1-28 is a redox-responsive ionizable lipid featuring a disulfide linkage, designed for CRISPR component delivery. Its LNP formulations effectively package both Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA, enabling efficient genome editing in cultured cells.
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DC65850 VL422
VL422 is an ionizable cationic lipid.1 It has been used in the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of CRISPR complementary single-guide RNA (sgRNA) and Cas9 mRNA for gene editing in vitro and in vivo. LNPs containing VL422 and encapsulating Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA targeting the gene encoding angiopoietin-related protein 3 (ANGPTL3), a protein whose loss-of-function decreases LDL, HDL, and cholesterol plasma levels, induce a deletion in a premature stop codon in ANGPTL3 in the livers of cynomolgus monkeys.
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DC60405 C13-112-tri-tail
C13-112-tri-tail is a synthetic ionizable lipid molecule designed for use in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of anionic substrates, such as nucleic acids (e.g., siRNA, mRNA) and proteins.
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DC67490 G0-C14 analog
G0-C14 analog is a derivative of the ionizable cationic lipid G0-C14.
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DC65858 Lipid OA2 (hydrochloride)
Lipid OA2 is an ionizable cationic lipid that has been used in the generation of single-component lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of siRNA.
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DC67511 ALC-0315 N-oxide
ALC-0315 N-oxide represents a potential oxidative degradation product that may be present in formulated batches of the cationic lipid ALC-0315.
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DC60485 IAJD93
IAJD93(IAJD-93) is a pentaerythritol-based one-component ionizable amphiphilic Janus Dendrimer (IAJD), delivery systems for mRNA delivery.
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DC65621 1,2(R)-Dioleyloxy-3-dimethylamino-propane
1,2(R)-Dioleyloxy-3-dimethylamino-propane ((R)-DODMA) is an ionizable cationic lipid and an isomer of DODMA
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