AO12 is a novel antioxidant ionizable lipid derived from SM-102 skeleton with para-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid side chains. Integrated into LNPs, it efficiently scavenges diverse reactive oxygen species including ·OH and ONOO⁻, shielding encapsulated mRNA from oxidative degradation. It retains fine LNP formulation features and cellular uptake capacity of conventional lipids, boosting in vivo mRNA translation. Applied for regenerative mRNA therapy and CRISPR gene editing against fibrosis and inflammatory disorders.

4A2-B8-PH is an optimally designed thioketal-incorporated biodegradable ionizable lipid (TBIL) for mRNA delivery to pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. It features a 4A2 headgroup with three tertiary amines, a biodegradable thioketal-based B8 linker, and a branched PH tail. The thioketal linker enables ROS-responsive degradation in the tumor microenvironment, enhancing endosomal escape and mRNA release. In vivo, 4A2-B8-PH LNPs achieve 98.3% pancreas-specific targeting after intraperitoneal administration, with a 218-fold improvement in delivery efficiency compared to previous benchmarks. It successfully transfects 30.5% of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells and induces complete tumor regression in orthotopic PDAC models via IL-12 mRNA therapy, demonstrating high efficacy and safety.

​​C-a16​​ is an ionizable lipid engineered through Mannich reaction chemistry, designed to revolutionize mRNA delivery by synergizing high efficiency with minimized immune activation. Synthesized by reacting a phenolic tail derivative, formaldehyde, and a branched tertiary amine core under optimized ethanol conditions, this lipid integrates antioxidant phenol groups directly into its structure. These phenol moieties serve as intrinsic radical scavengers, effectively neutralizing intracellular reactive oxygen species that typically degrade mRNA and trigger inflammation.In lipid nanoparticle formulations, C-a16 constitutes the functional backbone, enabling superior mRNA encapsulation efficiency while maintaining a stable nanoparticle size of approximately 80–100 nm. Critically, it outperforms conventional lipids like DLin-MC3-DMA by achieving significantly higher target-protein expression in vivo alongside markedly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. The antioxidant capability is not incidental but fundamental—quenching the phenol groups drastically diminishes both ROS suppression and delivery efficacy, confirming the design's mechanistic elegance.C-a16 represents a paradigm shift: its biomimetic antioxidant architecture addresses the chronic trade-off between delivery potency and immunogenicity, unlocking safer therapeutic applications for vaccines and gene therapies.

CICL-242​ is a constrained ionizable cationic lipid highlighted in patent US 20250127728A1 developed by Capstan as a promising candidate for advanced therapeutic delivery, particularly in stem cell and gene editing applications. Its structure features a rigid amine headgroup similar to CICL-207, which likely facilitates efficient endosomal escape and reduces non-specific uptake, enhancing targeted nucleic acid delivery. Although detailed performance data is not fully disclosed in the patent, CICL-242 is explicitly synthesized and included in gene editing experimental systems (e.g., CRISPR-Cas9 workflows), suggesting its potential for high-efficiency transfection in hard-to-transfect cells​ like hematopoietic stem cells (CD34⁺). This makes it a strong candidate for ex vivo cell engineering and regenerative medicine, where precision and low off-target effects are critical. While further validation is needed to quantify its efficacy and safety profile, CICL-242 represents a strategic innovation in the lipid library for next-generation genetic therapies.

CICL 207 is structurally optimized based on Lipid CICL-1. CICL207​​ is a constrained ionizable cationic lipid designed for lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems developed by Capstan. Its structure features a ​​rigid cyclic backbone​​ (e.g., pyrrolidine-derived core) paired with a ​​tertiary amine group​​ that ionizes at acidic pH (pKa ~6.5–7.0), enhancing endosomal escape. The lipid includes ​​asymmetric hydrophobic tails​​ (likely C14–C18 alkyl/ester chains) to stabilize LNP membranes and improve nucleic acid encapsulation. Integrated into LNPs (e.g., 58% CICL-207, 10% DSPC, 30.5% cholesterol, PEG-lipids), it enables targeted delivery to T cells (anti-CD5/CD8 tLNPs) with ​​high transfection efficiency​​ (spleen T cells >70% mCherry+), ​​reduced liver uptake​​, and ​​low toxicity​​ (no significant ALT/AST elevation in rats). Its constrained design balances stability, tissue specificity, and biocompatibility for gene therapy applications.CICL 207 (F50) significantly outperforms CICL-1 by delivering dramatically enhanced target cell transfection with reduced off-target effects. It achieves >50% transfection efficiency in splenic T-cells—nearly double that of CICL-1—while slashing off-target expression in liver cells to <5% (versus >15% for CICL-1. This precision translates to superior therapeutic outcomes: CICL-207 enables ~95% B-cell depletion in CAR-T applications, far exceeding CICL-1 ’s ~60% efficacy. Critically, it maintains an exceptional safety profile, showing no significant liver toxicity or inflammatory cytokine elevation even at high doses. Furthermore, CICL-207 demonstrates 2-fold higher transfection efficiency in hematopoietic stem cells, enabling robust gene editing. Its optimized pKa (~6.5) and constrained amine structure enhance endosomal escape while minimizing Kupffer cell uptake, making it ideal for targeted therapeutics requiring both potency and safety.​

L 012 sodium salt a luminol-based chemiluminescent (CL) probe, is widely used in vitro and in vivo to detect NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived superoxide (O2•−) and identify Nox inhibitors.

C67399 is a small molecule that blocks the integrin β1 binding site of TLN1, reduces the malignant behaviours of TNBC in vitro (MDA-MB-231 cell, IC50=2.0 uM).C67399 treatment significantly reduced the viability of BT549 cells.C67399 (2 uM) significantly reduced the expression of integrin β1, AKT, FAK, and phosphorylated FAK in MDA-MB-231 cells, while did not affect the expression of integrin β3.C67399 inhibited the binding of TLN1 to integrin β1 in MDA-MB-231 cells.C67399 (1.75 mg/kg) inhibited tumour growth and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells in mice, without causing obvious structural toxic changes.

Ral inhibitor 1 is a covalent inhibitor of RalB (Ras-like GTPase) activation, inhibits guanine exchange factor Rgl2-mediated nucleotide exchange of Ral GTPase, selectively inhibits Ral over Ras; Ral inhibitor 1 inhibits RalB/Rgl2 interaction through covalent reaction at Tyr-82 with IC50 of 49.5 uM; Ral (Ras-like) GTPases are directly activated by oncogenic Ras GTPases.

VL-422 is an ionizable cationic lipid. VL-422 delivers CRISPR complementary single-guide RNA (sgRNA) and Cas9 mRNA to enable in vitro and in vivo gene editing. LNPs containing VL-422 loaded with Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA targeting the ANGPTL3 gene induce the deletion of premature stop codons within the ANGPTL3 gene in the liver of cynomolgus monkeys. Loss-of-function of ANGPTL3 leads to decreased levels of LDL, HDL and cholesterol in plasma. The VL-422 delivery system can be used for the research of gene editing strategies targeting lipid metabolism diseases.

Disclosed in PCT patent WO2025/240833A1 from Acuitas Therapeutics Inc., Compound I‑1 is a trivalent tri-GalNAc PEGylated targeting lipid composed of three ASGPR-binding GalNAc moieties, a PEG spacer and double C18 alkyl lipid tails that insert into LNP lipid bilayer.

Emvistegrast is a quinolone derivative. Emvistegrast is an antagonist of α4β7 integrin. Emvistegrast can be studied in research for diseases that are mediated by α4β7 integrin, such as infkammatory bowel disease.

DSS6-PEG-DSPE,DSPE-PEG-DSS6 is a composite molecule composed of phospholipids(DSPE),polyethylene glycol(PEG),and bone targeting peptide DSS6,mainly used for bone targeted drug delivery and bone tissue repair. Its core structure achieves precise targeting and efficient delivery through the synergistic effect of three parts.The DSS6 peptide consists of six Asp-Ser-Ser amino acid repeat sequences and can specifically recognize hydroxyapatite(HAp)in bone tissue.

WEHI-7326 (WEHI 7326) is a specifi mitotic inhibitor and potential anticancer agent, causes cell cycle arrest in G2/M, cell death in vitro (MDA-MB-231 IC50=24.4 nM), and displays efficacious anti-tumor activity in vivo.WEHI-7326 induces cell death in a broad range of cancer cell lines, including taxane-resistant cells, and inhibits growth of human colon, brain, lung, prostate and breast tumors in mice xenografts.WEHI-7326 exceeded potency of myoseverin B by almost ten-fold, did not show any significant cytotoxic activity in vitro (IC50>40 uM) in HepG2 cells.WEHI-7326 prolongs survival in mouse models of high-risk neuroblastoma and leads to complete tumor regression when used in combination with standard-of-care relapse therapies.

DSG-PEG2K-triGalNAc is a functionalized PEG lipid that enhances targeted drug delivery by binding to the Asialoglycoprotein Receptor (ASGPR) which are predominantly found on the surface of liver cells. By functionalizing DSG-PEG2K with triGalNac, it allows this PEG lipid to be used in the formation of liposomes or LNPs that target the liver for drug delivery.

MitoSOX Red is a live cell fluorescent probe that specifically targets mitochondria and is cell membrane permeable. MitoSOX Red enters mitochondria and is oxidized by superoxide but not by other ROS or RNS generating systems. The oxidized MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in mitochondria/nucleus, producing strong red fluorescence.

Anhydrotetracycline hydrochloride, a tetracycline biosynthetic precursor, is a potent competitive broad-spectrum tetracycline destructase enzymes inhibitor.

N-Arachidonylglycine (NA-Gly), a carboxylic analog of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), is a GPR18 agonist (EC50 = 44.5 nM). Unlike AEA, N-Arachidonylglycine has no activity at either CB1 or CB2 receptors. N-Arachidonylglycine inhibits GLYT2 (IC50 = 5.1 μM). N-Arachidonylglycine also is an effective activator of endometrial cell migration.

A nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that shows 10- to 60-fold increased affinity for the estrogen receptor compared with Tamoxifen.

1400W dihydrochloride is a slow, tight binding, potent and highly selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (Kd = 7 nM).

Biperiden (KL 373) is a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist that competitively binds to M1 muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting acetylcholine and enhancing dopamine signaling in the central nervous system.

Chlorisondamine (diiodide) is a potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist and a ganglion blocker. Chlorisondamine antagonizes some of nicotine's central actions in a potent, long-lasting and pharmacologically selective way.

N-C16-Deoxysphinganine is a biochemical reagent.

PSTC is a potent, selective Nrf2 activator with pEC50 of 7.7 (inducing of NQO1 specific enzyme activity).PSTC induces Nrf2 nuclear translocation, Nrf2-regulated gene expression, and downstream signaling events, including induction of NAD(P)H:NQO1 enzyme activity and heme oxygenase-1 protein expression, in an Nrf2-dependent manner.PSTC does not inhibit IL-1β-induced NF-κB translocation or insulin-induced S6 phosphorylation in human cells.PSTC restores oxidant (tert-butyl hydroperoxide) induced glutathione depletion in vitro and in vivo models of pulmonary oxidative stress.

MitoTracker Green FM is a green-fluorescent dye that can selectively accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix. MitoTracker Green FM covalently binds to mitochondrial proteins by reacting with free thiol groups of cysteine residues.

DSPE-PEG14-COOH is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.

DMG-PEG2000-Biotin is a synthetic amphiphilic molecule composed of dimyristoyl glycerol (DMG), polyethylene glycol (PEG2000), and biotin functionalities. It is commonly employed in biomedical research for surface modification of lipid-based delivery platforms, such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and liposomes. The PEG moiety enhances colloidal stability, prolongs circulation time, and reduces rapid clearance in vivo. The biotin termination facilitates conjugation to streptavidin-tagged biomolecules, exploiting the highly specific biotin-streptavidin interaction. Thus, DMG-PEG2000-Biotin is valuable for drug-delivery optimization, targeted therapeutic approaches, and in vitro diagnostic assay development.

Thiol-PEG2000-DMG is a phospholipid polyPEG which can be used to prepare liposomes or nanoparticles. The terminal thiol group reacts with maleimide, OPSS, vinylsulfone and transition metal surfaces including gold, silver, etc.

DMG-PEG2000-OH is a PEG derivative that can be used to construct drug delivery vehicles.

DMG-PEG2000-SH is a PEG derivative that can be used to construct drug delivery vehicles.

DMG-PEG2000-TCO offer the ability to easily conjugate to specific biomolecules via metal free click chemistry to tetrazines. By changing the PEG length, one can change the micelle size, immunological safety, and change the drug release rate.