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STING agonist 22 is a novel, non-nucleotide specific small-molecule STING agonist with IC50 of 28, 11 uM for human STING isoforms WT and HAQ, respectively.STING agonist 22 did not show any cytotoxicity in an immune cell proliferation panel across a variety of immune cell types and also did not show any activity in a kinome panel.STING agonist 22 introduced higher levels of iFIT3 and MX1 mRNA across three different donors possessing different STING genotypes: WT/WT, WT/HAQ, and WT/R232H in human PBMCs (IC50=5-35 uM).STING agonist 22 demonstrated in vivo antitumor effect in an MC38 mice model, with STING pathway activation and production of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines, serum levels of IL-6, G-SCF, and MIP-1β.
MSA-2 is an orally available human STING agonist.MSA-2 is bound to STING as a noncovalent dimer. Extensive experimental analysis indicates that MSA-2 predimerization is required for binding. Acidic tumor microenvironments favor permeable, uncharged MSA-2.
SR-717 is a non-nucleotide, small-molecule STING agonist and functions as a direct cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) mimetic that induces the same "closed" conformation of STING.SR-717 functions as a direct cyclic guanosine mo
BSP16 is a potent, orally active stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist. BSP16 can selectively stimulate the STING pathway. BSP16 can be used for the research of cancer.
3’3’-cGAMP Fluorinated (c-[2'FdGMP]-[2'FdAMP]) is a synthetic analog of cyclic guanosine monophosphate- adenosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP-AMP, cGAMP) with a fluorine atom at 2’ position of the nucleosides. 3’3’-cGAMP is a cyclic di-nucleotide produced by bacteria. It is also referred to as "canonical" cGAMP due the presence of the classical 3’-5’ phosphodiester linkages between the guanosine and the adenosine. It has been reported that cGAMP binds STING (stimulator of IFN genes) and subsequently induces TBK1-IRF3-dependent production of IFN-β [1].
The incorporation of fluorine into biologically active molecules is commonly used in medicinal chemistry to improve their metabolic stability or to modulate physicochemical properties such as lipophilicity [2, 3]. Moreover, the introduction of a fluorine atom can change the biological activities of a molecule. Interestingly, when used at low concentrations in various cellular assays, 3’3’-cGAMP Fluorinated induces higher levels of type I IFNs than does cGAMP.
STING ligands such as cGAMP induce type I IFNs and activate interferon stimulated genes (ISG) through IRFs. To facilitate their study, InvivoGen has developed stable reporter cells in two well established immune cell models: THP-1 human monocytes and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. These cells express a reporter gene (SEAP or Lucia luciferase), under control of an IRF-inducible promoter.
STING agonist-7 is a non-nucleotide STING agonist. STING agonist-7 binds selectively to mouse STING but not human STING. STING agonist-7 penetrates cell membrane poorly.
cGAMP (Cyclic GMP-AMPP) diammonium functions as an endogenous second messenger in metazoans and triggers interferon production in response to cytosolic DNA. cGAMP diammonium activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which activates a signaling cascade leading to the production of type I interferons and other immune mediators.
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