Heparin is a highly sulfated polysaccharide primarily used as an anticoagulant, which works mainly by inhibiting thrombin (FIIa) and/or factor Xa (FXa). It is commonly used to prevent and treat thromboembolic conditions such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. It also plays roles in inflammation, angiogenesis, and growth factor signaling, with potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment and allergic conditions.

YD-3 is a platelet activation inhibitor. YD-3 inhibits Thrombine-induced rabbit platelets aggregation (IC50: 28.3 μM) and phosphoinositol production. In addition, YD-3 also inhibits Trypsin-induced platelet aggregation in human and rabbit with the IC50 of 38.1 μM and 5.7 μM, respectively, but does not affect the proteolytic activity of trypsin.

(2R)-Atecegatran ((2R)-AZD-0837; (Ph(3-Cl)(5-OCHF2)-(R)CH(OH)C(O)-Aze-Pab)) is a thrombin inhibitor. (2R)-Atecegatran can be used in research related to thromboembolic disorders.

Dabigatran etexilate mesylate (BIBR 1048MS) serves as the ​orally bioavailable prodrug of the active anticoagulant dabigatran. Following absorption, this precursor compound undergoes ​enzymatic conversion to release dabigatran - a highly ​selective, reversible direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) with exceptional potency (Ki = ​4.5 nM).

BIBR-1048 (Dabigatran) represents a breakthrough in anticoagulant therapy as a ​potent, selective direct thrombin inhibitor.

Heparin sodium salt (MW 15kDa) (Sodium heparin (MW 15kDa)) is a polymer of Heparin with the molecular weight of 15kDa. Heparin sodium salt is an anticoagulant which binds reversibly to antithrombin III (ATIII) and greatly accelerates the rate at which ATIII inactivates coagulation enzymes thrombin factor IIa and factor Xa.

BIBR 953 (Dabigatran, Pradaxa) is a highly selective, reversible, and potent thrombin inhibitor and is orally available as the prodrug, dabigatran etexilate.

Flovagatran (TGN 255) is a potent and reversible thrombin inhibitor (Ki: 9 nM). Flovagatran can be used in the research of arterial and venous thrombosis.

Lepirudin is a potent irreversible thrombin inhibitor. Lepirudin also is a recombinant hirudin. Lepirudin has anticoagulation in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).

(1R,3S)-THCCA-Asn (4j) is a selective thrombin inhibitor with the IC50 value in the range of 0.07 to 0.14 μM. ((1R,3S)-THCCA-Asn has antithrombotic activity.

BAY 1217224 is a neutral, non-prodrug Thrombin inhibitor with good oral pharmacokinetics.

Idraparinux (sodium) is a polymethylated synthetic pentasaccharide known to interact with the antithrombin III and act as anticoagulant.

Bivalirudin, a peptide anticoagulant,direct thrombin inhibitor for anticoagulation in the setting of invasive cardiology, particularly percutaneous coronary intervention.

Protamine sulfate, polycationic peptide and a antiheparin agent, could neutralize the anticoagulant action of heparin and enhances lipid-mediated gene transfer.