1400W dihydrochloride is a slow, tight binding, potent and highly selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (Kd = 7 nM).

2'3'-cGAMP has been used to identify small compounds capable of binding human stimulator of interferon genes (STING). It is also used to study type I interferon response to cytosolic DNA.

3-Bromo-7-Nitroindazole is a more potent inhibitor of nNOS than 7-nitroindazole in vitro, is also potent against iNOS, inhibits rat nNOS, bovine eNOS, and rat iNOS with IC50 of 0.17, 0.86, and 0.29 uM..

A hit compound that inhibits the proliferation of human peripheral blood T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 with IC50 of <10 nM, inhibits TCR-Nck interaction..

A novel potent, selective IRAK4 inhibitor with IC50 of 51 nM.

A novel potent, selective, reversible cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor with IC50 of 4.9 nM.

A potent type I interferon (IFN) inducer that directly binds to STING and triggers a strong antiviral response through the TBK1/IRF3 route.

Avacopan is a potent, selective, orally availale C5aR (CD88) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.1 nM.

ABC294640 is an orally available, aryladamantane compound and selective inhibitor of sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2) with potential antineoplastic activity.

Acetaminophen is a COX inhibitor for COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 of 113.7 μM and 25.8 μM, respectively.

Ampiroxicam(CP65703) is a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor uesd as anti-inflammatory drug.

AX-024 is an cytokine release inhibitor which can strongly inhibit the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-10 and IL-17A.

AX-024 is the first-in-class inhibitor of T cell receptor (TCR); AX-024 is an orally available inhibitor of the TCR-Nck interaction that selectively inhibits TCR-triggered T cell activation (IC50 value 1 nM).

BYK191023 (BYK-191023) is a potent, highly selective inhibitor of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) with IC50 of 86 nM, >20-fold selectivity over nNOS and eNOS (IC50=17 and 162 uM).

BYK191023 dihydrochloride (BYK-191023) is a potent, highly selective inhibitor of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) with IC50 of 86 nM, >20-fold selectivity over nNOS and eNOS (IC50=17 and 162 uM).

C29 is a potential TLR2 inhibitor.

PD-1-IN-17 has CAS#CAS:1673560-66-1, which is a programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor. PD-1-IN-17 was first reported in patent WO2015033301A1, (Compound 4), inhibits 92% splenocyte proliferation at 100 nM. PD-1-IN-17 may be related to CA-170 (AUPM170), which is a potent PD-1 inhibitor and curreently under clinical trials.

CA4948-Analog is an analog of Emavusertib. It has similar property to CA-4948, which is a potent, and orally active interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) inhibitor. It was reported in patent WO 2015104688. Emavusertib, also known as CA-4948 i

Celecoxib is a selective Cox-2 inhibitor (IC50 of 40 nM). Celecoxib shows low sensitivity against Cox-1 (IC50 of 15 μM). Celecoxib shows an anti-proliferative effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines including HNE1 (IC50of 32.86 μM) and CNE1-LM

Chloroquine diphosphate is an antimalarial drug and autophagy/lysosome inhibitor; inhibits Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs).

Cridanimod sodium is a potent type I interferon (IFN) inducer that directly binds to STING and triggers a strong antiviral response through the TBK1/IRF3 route.

CU-CPT-8m is a nolve TLR8 inhibitor.

CU-CPT9b is an antagonist of toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8; Kd = 21 nM).

CU-CPT9a is an antagonist of toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8). It inhibits activation of NF-κB induced by the TLR8 agonist R-848 in TLR8-overexpressing HEK-Blue cells (IC50 = 0.5 nM). CU-CPT9a reverses R-848-induced increases in NF-κB p65, IRAK-4, and TRAF3 protein levels in HEK-Blue cells.

CY-09 is an NLRP3 inhibitor.

Danicopan (ACH-4471, ACH-0144471) is a highly potent, orally active Factor D inhibitor with Kd of 0.54 nM, inhibits the proteolytic activity of purified Factor D against substrate Factor B in complex with C3b, blocking production of Bb fragment IC50 of 15 nM.

Deracoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, is a non-narcotic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

diABZI STING agonist-1 (trihydrochloride) is a selective stimulator of interferon genes (STING) receptor agonist.

Diclofenac Sodium is a non-selective COX inhibitor with IC50 of 60 and 220 nM for ovine COX-1 and -2, respectively.

DMXAA (Vadimezan) is a vascular disrupting agents (VDA) and competitive inhibitor of DT-diaphorase with Ki of 20 μM and IC50 of 62.5 μM, respectively. Phase 3.

Etodolac is a Cox-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Etodolac is shown to inhibit growth and PCNA expression and induce cell cycle arrest in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, in addition to suppressing the occurrence of ab

Etoricoxib is a new COX-2 selective inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and potential antineoplastic properties.

Firocoxib(ML 1785713) is a potent and selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.13 uM, 58 fold sensitivity for COX2 VSCOX1.

FK 3311 is a selective inhibitor of COX-2; antiinflammatory agent.

Flurbiprofen (Ansaid)

FTY720 (Fingolimod, Gilenya) is a S1P antagonist with IC50 of 0.033 nM.

H-151(H151) is a novel STING (stimulator of interferon genes) antagonist.

HPGDS inhibitor 1 is a novel and selective Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase (HPGDS) inhibitor with an IC50 Value of 0.7 nM.

Ibuprofen (Motrin) is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2, of which is used for pain relief, fever reduction and for reducing swelling.

Inarigivir(SB-9000) is a novel dinucleotide, evaluated in transgenic mice expressing hepatitis B virus (HBV), significantly reduced liver HBV DNA。

INF39 is an irreversible and noncytotoxic NLRP3 inhibitor.

Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated-Kinase-1/4 Inhibitor is a benzimidazole compound that acts as a cell-permeable, potent selective inhibitor of IL-1 kinases.

IRAK inhibitor 1 is an interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) inhibitor.

IRAK inhibitor 2 is interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase inhibitor .

IRAK4-IN-1 is an interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) inhibitor with an IC50 of 7 nM.

Isatoribine is a selective agonist of TLR7

Ketorolac (Ketorolac tromethamine, Toradol) is a non-selective COX inhibitor with strong analgesic activity.

Leukadherin-1 is a specific agonist of CR3 and the leukocyte surface integrin CD11b/CD18.

Licofelone is a dual COX/LOX inhibitor being considered as a treatment for osteoarthritis.

L-NAME is a nonselective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetases (NOS) for nNOS (bovine), eNOS (human), and iNOS (murine), with Ki of 15 nM, 39 nM and 4.4 μM, respectively.

Loxoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is quickly converted to the trans-alcohol metabolite. It is similar to ibuprofen and naproxen, while also being a Cycloxygenase (COX) inhibitor.

Lusutrombopag（S-888711） is an orally bioavailable, small molecule thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist being developed by Shionogi for chronic liver disease (CLD) patients with thrombocytopenia prior to elective invasive surgery.

MF63 is a selective mPGES-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.9 nM and 1.3 nM for pig mPGES-1 and human mPGES-1 enzyme, respectively.

MK591(Quiflapon sodium) is a selective and specific 5-Lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor.

ML RR-S2 CDA is a synthetic cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) that contains non-canonical 2'5'-phosphodiester bonds and is an activator of stimulator of interferon genes (STING).

ML-130 is a potent and selective inhibitor of NOD1; displays 36-fold selectivity for NOD1 over NOD2 (IC50 values are 0.56 and >20 μM for NOD1 and NOD2 respectively).

Naproxen is a COX inhibitor for COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 of 8.7 μM and 5.2 μM, respectively.

Naproxen is a COX inhibitor for COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 of 8.7 μM and 5.2 μM, respectively.

Nepafenac

NOD-IN-1 is a potent mixed inhibitor of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, NOD1 and NOD2, with IC50 of 5.74 μM and 6.45 μM, respectively.

NS-398 is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).

Parecoxib is a selective COX2 inhibitor.

PARECOXIB SODIUM

PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 1 is a PD-1/PD-L1 interaction inhibitor,IC50 values: 0.006-0.10 μM,a useful immunomodulator compound.

PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 2 is reported to prevent the interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1 with an IC50 value of 18 nM,a useful compound immunomodulator compound.

PF-06426779 (PF06426779) is a potent, selective IRAK4 inhibitor with IC50 of 1 nM against full-length IRAK4 kinase and cell-based IC50 of 12 nM.

PF-543 is a novel Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1, SK1) inhibitor with Ki of 3.6 nM.

Piroxicam (Feldene) is a non-selective COX inhibitor with an IC50 of 6 mM.

Polmacoxib is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and the carbonic anhydrase subtypes I (CAI) and CAII.

RB-005 (RB-005) is a potent, selective inhibitor of sphingosine kinase SphK1 (SK1) with IC50 of 3.6 uM, displays 15-fold selectivity over SphK2..

SB9200(Inarigivir soproxil) is a novel agonist of innate immunity, shows potent antiviral activity against resistant HCV variants.

SC-560 is a member of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors which includes celecoxib (Celebrex™) and rofecoxib (Vioxx™).

SDMA (Symmetric dimethylarginine) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity.

SINCRO is a novel anti-cancer compound that can activate the cytosolic DNA-sensing STING signaling pathway leading to the induction of type I interferon (IFN) genes.

STING agonist C11 is an agonist of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway.

STING agonist 4 is an amidobenzimidazole (ABZI)-based compound that functions as a STING agonist with Kd of 1.6 nM (binding of endogenous full-length STING, THP-1 cell lysates); caused dose-dependent phosphorylation of IRF3 and STING that was inhibited by the TBK1 inhibitor BX795, induced dose-dependent secretion of IFN-β with EC50 of 3.1 uM in PBMCs (18-fold more potent than cGAMP); promotes production of IFN-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), IL-6 and TNFα by a mechanism that is dependent on STING-mediated activation of TBK1; unlike cGAMP and DMXAA, compound 2 efficiently activates STING function while maintaining an open STING confirmation.

diABZI STING agonist-1 is a selective stimulator of interferon genes (STING) receptor agonist, with EC50s of 130, 186 nM for human and mouse, respectively.

STING CDN agonist IFM Therapeutics is a synthetic cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) agonist of STING, stimulates potent immunity against cancer..

STING inhibitor C-178 is a covalent, in vivo-active, small-molecule inhibitor of STING

STING inhibitor C-178 is a covalent, small-molecule inhibitor of STING, blocks palmitoylation (PMA)-induced clustering of STING; covalently binds to Cys91, directly targets mouse STING (mmSTING) but not human STING (hsSTING).

Sulfinpyrazone is one of the most studied platelet COX inhibitors, also a uricosuric agent that competitively inhibits uric acid reabsorption in kidney proximal tubules.

Suplatast tosylate

TAK-242 (Resatorvid), a small-molecule-specific inhibitor of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling, inhibits the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators by binding to the intracellular domain of TLR4.

The COX-1 Inhibitor IV, TFAP controls the biological activity of COX-1.

TLR7 and 8 modulator 31 is a potent, orally active, dual TLR7 and 8 agonist with LEC values of 0.15 and 0.16 uM, respectively.

Valdecoxib (SC 65872) is a COX-2 selective inhibitor with an IC50 value of 5 nM.

YM 90709 has been reported to be a selective inhibitor of interleukin-5 (IL-5).

Zaltoprofen(CN100) is an inhibitor of COX for treatment of arthritis.

MCC950 (CP-456773) sodium is a potent, selective, small-molecule inhibitor of NLRP3 with IC50 of 7.5 nM in BMDMs.

STING agonist-3, compound 3, is a selective and non-nucleotide small-molecule STING agonist, which has durable anti-tumor effect and tremendous potential to improve treatment of cancer.

BMS-1166 is a potent PD-1/PD-L1 interaction inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.4 nM.

Bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a bacterial second messenger implicated in the control of cell wall metabolism, osmotic stress responses and sporulation. Detection of c-di-AMP by the host cytoplasmic surveillance pathway (CSP) is known to elicit type I IFN responses through a signaling axis that involves STING, TBK1 and IRF3 [1, 2]. Involvement of the helicase DDX41 in the recognition of c-di-AMP has been suggested [3]. Recent studies have also demonstrated that c-di-AMP exerts strong adjuvant activities when delivered by the mucosal route [4, 5].

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is one of the most important and common bacterial second messenger. It is involved in numerous prokaryotic processes, including biofilm formation, motility, virulence, and cell cycling. c-di-GMP also has functions in eukaryotic cells. It is detected by the transmembrane protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING), leading to activation of the innate immune system.

Tin-protoporphyrin IX (SnPPIX) is a potent Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor. Tin-protoporphyrin IX (SnPPIX) sensitizes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors to chemotherapy in mice model.

PD-1/PD-L1-IN 3 TFA is a PD-1/PD-L1 interaction inhibitor extracted from patent WO2014151634A1, compound 1. PD-1/PD-L1-IN 3 TFA inhibits the binding of human PD-1 to PD-Ll with an IC50 of 9 nM.

DuP-697 is a member of the vicinal diaryl heterocycles and a potent, irreversible, selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor (IC50 of 10 nM and 800 nM for human COX-2 and COX-1, respectively). DuP-697 exerts antiproliferative (IC50 of 42.8 nM), antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects on HT29 colorectal cancer cells. DuP-697 inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antipyretic effects.

FLP 62064 is a potent 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and COX-2 dual inhibitor. FLP 62064 has potently anti-inflammatory activity.

Loxoribine (7-Allyl-8-oxoguanosine) is a guanosine analog with anti-viral and anti-tumor activities. Loxoribine is an orally bioavailable and selective Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonist.

Ensulizole is a sulfonated UV absorber and can intense UVB and partial UVA absorption. Ensulizole can damage the DNA through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon UV or sunlight irradiation. Ensulizole is a water soluble sunscreen ingredient.

DSR-6434 is a potent and selective Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist, with EC50s of 7.2 nM and 4.6 nM for human and mice TLR7, respectively. DSR-6434 has a strong antitumor effect.

CU-T12-9 is a specific TLR1/2 agonist with EC50 of 52.9 nM in HEK-Blue hTLR2 SEAP assay. CU-T12-9 activates both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. CU-T12-9 selectively activates the TLR1/2 heterodimer, not TLR2/6. CU-T12-9 signals through NF-κB and invokes an elevation of the downstream effectors TNF-α, IL-10, and iNOS.

IRAK4-IN-4 is an interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) inhibitor extracted from patent CN107163044A, Compound15, has an IC50 of 2.8 nM. IRAK4-IN-4 also inhibits cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) with an IC50 of 2.1 nM.

1V209 (TLR7 agonist T7) is a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist and has anti-tumor effects. 1V209 can be conjugated with various polysaccharides to improve its water solubility, and enhance its efficacy, and maintain low toxicity.

Diallyl Trisulfide is isolated from Garlic. Diallyl Trisulfide suppresses the growth of Penicillium expansum (MFC99 value: ≤ 90 μg/mL) and promotes apoptosis via production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disintegration of cellular ultrastructure. Anticancer effect.

Desmethyl Celecoxib (compound 3b) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (IC50=32 nM) with anti-inflammatory activities. Desmethyl Celecoxib is an analog of Celecoxib and with the optimal yield of 75%.

GSK2245035 is a highly potent and selective intranasal Toll-Like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist with preferential Type-1 interferon (IFN)-stimulating properties. GSK2245035 has pEC50s of 9.3 and 6.5 for IFNα and TFNα. GSK2245035 effectively suppresses allergen-induced Th2 cytokine production in human peripheral blood cell cultures. GSK2245035 is used for asthma.

Camalexin is a phytoalexin isolated from Camelina sativa and Arabidopsis (Cruciferae) with antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and anticancer activities. Camalexin can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

AR-C102222 hydrochloride is a potent, competitive, orally active and highly selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 37 nM. AR-C102222 hydrochloride has antinociception and anti-inflammatory activities.

S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP) is a nitric oxide donor and acts as a stable inhibitor of platelet aggregation.

PF-4693627 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitor (IC50=3 nM) for the treatment of inflammation caused by osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Gnetol is a phenolic compound isolated from the root of Gnetum ula Brongn. Gnetol potently inhibits COX-1 (IC50 of 0.78 μM) and HDAC. Gnetol is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.5 μM for murine tyrosinase and suppresses melanin biosynthesis. Gnetol has antioxidant, antiproliferative, anticancer and hepatoprotective activity. Gnetol also possesses concentration-dependent α-Amylase, α-glucosidase, and adipogenesis activities.

2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen is a metabolite of Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.

α-Chaconine, isolated from a Solanum tuberosum L. cv Jayoung, inhibits the expressions of COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α at the transcriptional level. α-Chaconine inhibits the LPS-induced expressions of iNOS and COX-2 at the protein and mRNA levels and their promoter activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Anti-inflammatory effects.

PD-1/PD-L1-IN 5 is a PD-1/PD-L1 protein/protein interaction inhibitor extracted from patent WO2017222976A1, compound Example 1, has an IC50 of ≤100 nM.

(S)-BI 665915 is an orally active oxadiazole-containing 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.7 nM for FLAP binding. (S)-BI 665915 inhibits FLAP functional in human whole blood with an IC50 of 45 nM. (S)-BI 665915 demonstrates an excellent cross-species drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) profile and a dose-dependent inhibition of LTB4 production.

TLR7/8 agonist 3 is a potent TLR7 and TLR8 agonist, extracted from patent US20170114137A1.

J14 is a reversible sulfiredoxin inhibitor with an IC50 of 8.1 μM. J14 induces oxidative stress (intracellular ROS accumulation) by inhibiting sulfiredoxin, leading to cytotoxicity and cancer cell death.

4-Methylamino antipyrine is an active metabolite of Metamizole. Metamizole is a pyrazolone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and inhibits COX. Metamizole is an nonopioid analgesic drug and can be used for pain and fever. 4-Methylamino antipyrine has analgesic, antipyretic, and relatively weak antiinflammatory properties.

4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride is an active metabolite of Metamizole. Metamizole is a pyrazolone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and inhibits COX. Metamizole is an nonopioid analgesic drug and can be used for pain and fever. 4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride has analgesic, antipyretic, and relatively weak antiinflammatory properties.

Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium (Poly(I:C) sodium) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and an agonist of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5). Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, and to alter the tumor microenvironment. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid sodium can directly trigger cancer cells to undergo apoptosis.

Veliflapon (BAY X 1005; DG-031) is an orally active and selective 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor. Veliflapon inhibits the synthesis of the leukotrienes B4 and C4.

(Z)-Leukadherin-1 (ADH-503 free base) is an orally active and allosteric CD11b agonist. (Z)-Leukadherin-1 leads to the repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages, reduction in the number of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive myeloid cells, and enhances dendritic cell responses.

Sodium thiocyanate reduces plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. Sodium thiocyanate also significantly reduces of ROS formation.

Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) is an NO donor that prevents LV remodeling and degradation of cardiac function following myocardial infarction (MI).

Pam3CSK4 is a toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) agonist with an EC50 of 0.47 ng/mL for human TLR1/2.

Pam3CSK4 TFA is a toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) agonist with an EC50 of 0.47 ng/mL for human TLR1/2.

Pam3CSK4-Biotin is biotinylated Pam3CSK4. Pam3CSK4-Biotin is a Toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) agonist.

Benralizumab (MEDI-563) is an interleukin-5 receptor α (IL-5Rα)-directed cytolytic monoclonal antibody that induces direct, rapid and nearly complete depletion of eosinophils via enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Benralizumab can be used for severe eosinophilic asthma.

Dupilumab (REGN-668) is a fully human mAb to IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) that inhibits both IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, markedly improved moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.

Reslizumab (Sch 55700) is humanized monoclonal antibodies that target interleukin-5 (IL-5) for the treatment of eosinophilic asthma. Reslizumab is effective in neutralizing the function of IL-5. Reslizumab inhibits IL-5-dependent cell proliferation, with an IC50 value of approximately 91.1pM. Reslizumab has high binding affinity for human IL-5, with KD values of 109 pM and 4.3 pM in the the Biacore surface plasmon resonance and Kinetic Exclusion Assay, respectively.

IFNAR-IN-1 is a nonpeptidic, small molecule inhibitor of IFN-α and IFNAR interaction, specifically inhibits MVA-induced IFN-α responses by BM-pDCs with IC50 of 2-8 uM..

BMS-986126 is a potent, highly selective inhibitor of IRAK4 kinase with IC50 of 5.3 nM, displays >100-fold selective for IRAK4 over a panel of 214 kinases.

PD-1-IN-1 is a small molecule inhibitor of programmed cell dealth-1 (PD-1) extracted from patent WO 2015033299 A1, compound example 4.

SR-717 is a non-nucleotide, small-molecule STING agonist and functions as a direct cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) mimetic that induces the same "closed" conformation of STING.SR-717 functions as a direct cyclic guanosine mo

MSA-2 is an orally available human STING agonist.MSA-2 is bound to STING as a noncovalent dimer. Extensive experimental analysis indicates that MSA-2 predimerization is required for binding. Acidic tumor microenvironments favor permeable, uncharged MSA-2.

MSA-2 analogue is an orally available human STING agonist.

STING agonist compound 17 is a selective stimulator of interferon genes (STING) receptor agonist.

Nω-Propyl-L-arginine (N-omega-Propyl-L-arginine) is a potent, competitive, and highly selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), with a Ki of 57 nM. Nω-Propyl-L-arginine displays a 149-fold selectivity for nNOS over endothelial NOS (eNOS).

JH-X-119-01 hydrochloride is a potent and selective interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases 1 (IRAK1) inhibitor. JH-X-119-01 hydrochloride ameliorates LPS-induced sepsis in mice.

Cyclic di-GMP sodium (c-di-GMP sodium) is a STING activator and a global bacterial second messenger, which regulates biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in diverse bacterial species.

MMG-11 quarterhydrate is a potent and selective human TLR2 antagonist with low cytotoxicity. MMG-11 quarterhydrate inhibits both TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 signaling with IC50s of 1.7?μM for Pam3CSK4-induced hTLR2/1 and 5.7?μM for Pam2CSK4-induced hTLR2/6 responses.

EG01377 dihydrochloride is a potent, bioavailable and selective inhibitor of neuropilin-1 (NRP1), with a Kd of 1.32 μM, and IC50s of 609 nM for both NRP1-a1 and NRP1-b1. EG01377 dihydrochloride has antiangiogenic, antimigratory, and antitumor effects.

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid ((R)-2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling.

STING ligand-1 is a lead STING ligand with an IC50 of 68 nM for HAQ STING.

Trimethylamine N-oxide is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway.

Sparstolonin B acts as a selective TLR2 and TLR4 antagonist and selectively blocks TLR2- and TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling. Sparstolonin B has anti-HIV and anticancer activities.

Maresin 1, produced by human Mφs from endogenous docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and a specialized proresolving mediator, stimulates intracellular [Ca2+] and secretion. Maresin 1 possesses anti-inflammatory activity.

5-Galloylquinic acid, an main scavenger of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in green tea.

N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone is a nitrone-based free radical scavenger that forms nitroxide spin adducts. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone inhibits COX2 catalytic activity. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone has potent ROS scavenging, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging and anti-diabetic activities, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

Mesotrione is a herbicide belongs to the benzoylcyclohexanedione family. Mesotrione is a potent and competitive and reversible inhibitor of HPPD enzyme. Mesotrione is selective to maize due to rapid metabolism and relative high tolerance by the susceptible crop plant.

Sulfo-ara-F-NMN (CZ-48) is a mimetic of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Sulfo-ara-F-NMN acts selectively, activating SARM1 but inhibiting CD38 (IC50 around 10 μM). Sulfo-ara-F-NMN induces intracellular cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) production.

Ibuprofen impurity 1 is an Ibuprofen impurity. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.

Ibuprofen Impurity F is an Ibuprofen impurity. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.

Ibuprofen Impurity K is an Ibuprofen impurity. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.

IRAK inhibitor 4 is an interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4(IRAK4) inhibitor.

Avatrombopag (AKR-501) hydrochloride is an orally active, nonpeptide thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist (EC50=3.3 nM). Avatrombopag hydrochloride mimics the biological activities of TPO. Avatrombopag hydrochloride increases platelet production by activating the intracellular signaling system, and promotes production of platelets and megakaryocytes from hemopoietic precursor cells. Avatrombopag hydrochloride is a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and CYP3A.

NOC 18 is a nitric oxide donor and activates an inward current in cultured rat cerebellar granules cells. NOC 18 increases cGMP production in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. NOC 18 reduces contractility of cardiac muscle preparations in vitro.

N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group, but cannot enter the glutathione metabolic pathway.

GSK717 is a potent, selective NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2) inhibitor. GSK717 inhibits muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-induced NOD2-mediated signaling, with an IC50 of 400 nM for MDP-stimulated IL-8 secretion in HEK293/hNOD2 cells.

1-Hydroxy Ibuprofen is a metabolite of Ibuprofen in P. australis. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting?COX-1?and?COX-2?with?IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.

Indomethacin sodium hydrate (Indometacin sodium hydrate) is a potent, blood-brain permeable and nonselective inhibitor of COX1 and COX2, with IC50s of 18 nM and 26 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively, in CHO cells. Indomethacin sodium hydrate disrupts autophagic flux by disturbing the normal functioning of lysosomes.

(S)-Flurbiprofen is an active enantiomer of Flurbiprofen, with IC50 values of 0.48 μM and 0.47 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.

AVE3085 is a potent endothelial nitric oxide synthase enhancer, used for cardiovascular disease treatment.

Salicylic acid-D6 (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid-D6) is a deuterium labeled Salicylic acid. Salicylic acid inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation.

Mefenamic acid D4 is a deuterium labeled Mefenamic acid. Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a competitive inhibitor of hCOX-1 and hCOX-2, with IC50s of 40 nM and 3 μM for hCOX-1 and hCOX-2, respectively.

Buprofezin is an insecticide that acts by inhibiting chitin synthesis. Buprofezin also dose-dependently increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro.

Tolmetin is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor with IC50s of 0.35 μM and 0.82 μM human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Tolmetin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

Sphondin, isolated from Heracleum laciniatum, possesses an inhibitory effect on IL-1β-induced increase in the level of COX-2 protein and PGE2 release in A549 cells.

Peonidin chloride is an O-methylated anthocyanidin that functions as a primary plant pigment, endowing purplish-red hues to flowers such as the peony, from which it takes its name, as well as berries and vegetables. Peonidin chloride exhibits chemopreventive, as well as anti-inflammatory activities on cancer cells in vitro, blocking COX-2 expression and transformation in JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells.

γ-Tocopherol (D-γ-Tocopherol) is a potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. γ-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E in many plant seeds, such as corn oil and soybeans. γ-Tocopherol possesses antiinflammatory properties and anti-cancer activity.

Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucuronide (Kaempferol-3-glucuronide), one conjugated kaempferol metabolite, has anti-inflammatory effect. Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucuronide significantly inhibits various pro-inflammatory mediators like IL-1β, NO, PGE2, and LTB4. Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucuronide upregulates the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.

Rehmapicrogenin, isolated from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting iNOS, COX-2 and IL-6.

Regaloside B is a phenylpropanoid isolated from Lilium longiflorum. Regaloside B can inhibit the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Regaloside B has anti-inflammatory activity.

Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride is a chitosan oligosaccharide with anti-inflammatory effect. Chitohexaose hexahydrochloride binds to the active sites of TLR4 and inhibits LPS induced inflammation.

Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride is a chitosan oligosaccharide with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and cardioprotective activities. Chitoheptaose heptahydrochloride significantly enhances the growth and photosynthesis parameters of wheat seedlings.

Camstatin, a functionally active 25-residue fragment of PEP-19's IQ motif, binds calmodulin and inhibits neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase.

Camstatin TFA, a functionally active 25-residue fragment of PEP-19's IQ motif, binds calmodulin and inhibits neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase.

Compstatin TFA, a 13-residue cyclic peptide, is a potent inhibitor of the complement system with species specificity. Compstatin TFA binds to baboon C3 and is resistant to proteolytic cleavage in baboon blood (similar to humans). Compstatin TFA inhibits only the activation of primates’ complement system.

AF12198 is a potent, selective and specific peptide antagonist for human type I interleukin-1 receptor (IL1-R1) (IC50=8 nM) but not the human type II receptor (IC50=6.7 μM) or the murine type I receptor (IC50>200 μM). AF12198 inhibits IL-1-induced IL-8 production (IC50=25 nM) and IL-1-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression (IC50=9 nM) in vitro. AF12198 has anti-inflammatory activities and?blocks responses to IL-1 in vivo.

HNGF6A is a humanin analogue. HNGF6A increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, and has the potential for diabetes research. HNGF6A inhibits of ROS production during oxidative stress. HNGF6A can prevent endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in vivo.

HNGF6A TFA is a humanin analogue. HNGF6A TFA increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, and has the potential for diabetes research. HNGF6A TFA inhibits of ROS production during oxidative stress. HNGF6A TFA can prevent endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in vivo.

TLQP-21, a VGF-derived peptide endowed of endocrine and extraendocrine properties, is a potent G-protein-coupled receptor complement-3a receptor 1 (C3aR1) agonist (EC50: mouse TLQP-21=10.3 μM; human TLQP-21=68.8 μM). TLQP-21 activates C3aR1 to induce an increase of intracellular Ca2+. TLQP-21 is used for the research in regulation of nociception and other relevant physiologic functions.

TLQP-21 TFA, a VGF-derived peptide endowed of endocrine and extraendocrine properties, is a potent G-protein-coupled receptor complement-3a receptor1 (C3aR1) agonist (EC50: mouse TLQP-21=10.3 μM; human TLQP-21=68.8μM). TLQP-21 TFA activates C3aR1 to induce an increase of intracellular Ca2+. TLQP-21 TFA is used for the research in regulation of nociception and other relevant physiologic functions.

AMY-101 acetate (Cp40 acetate), a peptidic inhibitor of the central complement component C3 (KD = 0.5 nM), inhibits naturally occurring periodontitis in non-human primates (NHPs). AMY-101 acetate (Cp40 acetate) exhibits a favorable anti-inflammatory activity in models with COVID-19 severe pneumonia with systemic hyper inflammation.

FSL-1 TFA, a bacterial-derived toll-like receptor 2/6 (TLR2/6) agonist, enhances resistance to experimental HSV-2 infection. FSL-1 TFA induces MMP-9 production through TLR2 and NF-κB/AP-1 signaling pathways in monocytic THP-1 cells.

Human PD-L1 inhibitor II is a potent PD-L1 inhibitor with anti-cancer activity.

Human PD-L1 inhibitor IV, a polypeptide, is a competitive human PD-1 protein inhibitor with a Kd value of 1.38 μM. Human PD-L1 inhibitor IV inhibits the interaction of hPD-1/hPD-L1.

Human PD-L1 inhibitor V, a polypeptide, is a competitive human PD-1 protein inhibitor with a Kd value of 3.32 μM. Human PD-L1 inhibitor V inhibit the interaction of hPD-1/hPD-L1.

Human PD-L1 inhibitor III is a human PD-L1 inhibitor.

Phenethyl ferulate is a major constituent ofQianghuo, shows inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) with IC50 values of 4.35 μM and 5.75 μM, respectively.

Phenidone, an orally active dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), ameliorates rat paralysis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Phenidone is a potent hypotensive agent in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Phenidone is used as a photographic developer.

Pelargonidin chloride is a scavenger of nitric oxide radical and has antioxidant activities.

HS271 is a highly potent, orally active and selective IRAK4, with an IC50 of 7.2 μM. HS271 exhibits superior enzymatic and cellular activities, as well as excellent pharmacokinetic properties.

Tetrahydroxyquinone hydrate (Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone hydrate), a primitive anticataract agent, is a redox active benzoquinone. Tetrahydroxyquinone hydrate can take part in a redox cycle with semiquinone radicals, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Veledimex S enantiomer (INXN-1001 S enantiomer) is the S enantiomer of veledimex. Veledimex is an oral activator ligand for a proprietary gene therapy promoter system, and a moderate of and substrate for CYP3A4/5.

IRAK-4 protein kinase inhibitor 2 (compound 1) is a potent inhibitor of interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4), with an IC50 of 4 μM. IRAK-4 protein kinase inhibitor 2 can be used for the research of inflammatory and immune-related conditions or disorders.

S-Methylisothiourea sulfate is a potent, selective and competitive inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). S-Methylisothiourea sulfate exerts beneficial effects in rodent models of septic shock.

CU115 is a potent TLR8 antagonist (IC50=1.04 µM), and shows selective for TLR8 over TLR7 (IC50=>50 µM). CU 115 decreases TNF-α and IL-1β production activated by R-848 in THP-1 cells.

BMS-8 inhibits the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction with IC50 of 7.2 μM. BMS-8, binds directly to PD-L1 and induces formation of PD-L1 homodimers, which in turn prevents the interaction with PD-1[1].

FD-IN-1 (Compound 12) is an orally bioavailable and selective factor D (FD) inhibitor with an IC50 of 12 nM. Complement FD, a highly specific S1 serine protease, plays a central role in the alternative complement pathway of the innate immune system. FD-IN