Propyl gallate is a common food antioxidant. Propyl gallate can inhibit the production of acrolein, glyoxal and methylglyoxal.

Butylparaben is an organic compound that has proven to be a very successful antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, can also be used in active molecule suspensions, and as a food flavoring additive.

Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. PA can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells. Palmitic acid is used to establish a cell steatosis model.

cis-9-Octadecenoic acid is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator.

Cholesterol is a component of Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for RNA delivery.

Triolein is a symmetric triacylglycerol that reduces upregulation of MMP-1 and has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Citric acid is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Citric acid induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Citric acid cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Citric acid causes renal toxicity in mice.

Aminocaproic acid (Amicar)is a potent and orally active inhibitor of plasmin and plasminogen. 6-Aminocaproic acid is a potent antifibrinolytic agent. 6-Aminocaproic acid prevents clot lysis through the competitive binding of lysine residues on plasminogen, inhibiting plasmin formation and reducing fibrinolysis. 6-Aminocaproic acid can be used for the research of bleeding disorders.

Ascorbyl palmitate is an ester formed from ascorbic acid and palmitic acid creating a fat-soluble form of vitamin C.

D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate can be used as a food ingredient and pharmaceutical excipient.

DLinDMA is a key lipid component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles as a benchmark.

DLin-KC2-DMA is 100-fold and 1000-fold more potent, respectively, in silencing of a hepatic gene (Factor VII) in comparison to the previous generation lipid DLin-DMA.

LysoPC(14:0/0:0) is a lysophospholipid (LyP). It is a monoglycerophospholipid in which a phosphorylcholine moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site.

NAV 2729 (NAV2729) is a chemical potentiator for mRNA-LNPs, increasing the delivery efficiencies of mRNA-LNPs in vitro and in vivo. NAV 2729 (NAV2729) is a novel, direct and selective small molecule inhibitor of small GTPase ARF6 with IC50 of 1.5 uM in nucleotide exchange assays.

SH-BC-893 is a water-soluble, orally bioavailable synthetic sphingolipid that triggers nutrient transporter internalization and also blocks lysosome-dependent nutrient generation pathways in cancer cells, activates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), leading to mislocalization of the lipid kinase PIKfyve; selectively kills cells expressing an activated form of the anabolic oncogene Ras in vitro and in vivo.SH-BC-893, increases the activity of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) up to 200-fold in vitro without permeabilizing endosomes. SH-BC-893 treatment trapped endocytosed oligonucleotides within extra-lysosomal compartments thought to be more permeable due to frequent membrane fission and fusion events. Simultaneous disruption of ARF6-dependent endocytic recycling and PIKfyve-dependent lysosomal fusion was necessary and sufficient for SH-BC-893 to increase non-lysosomal oligonucleotide levels and enhance their activity. In mice, oral administration of SH-BC-893 increased ASO potency in the liver by 15-fold without toxicity. More importantly, SH-BC-893 enabled target RNA knockdown in the CNS and lungs of mice treated subcutaneously with cholesterol-functionalized duplexed oligonucleotides or unmodified ASOs, respectively. Together, these results establish the feasibility of using a small molecule that disrupts endolysosomal trafficking to improve the activity of oligonucleotides in extrahepatic tissues.

D-Lin-MC3-DMA(MC3) is the most potent cationic lipid that has been synthesized for Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver the siRNA.

LP-01 is an ionizable cationic amino lipid (pKa = ~6.1). It has been used in the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). LNPs containing LP-01 and encapsulating both Cas9 mRNA and modified single-guide RNA (sgRNA) for the transport protein transthyretin (Ttr) induce gene editing in liver cells in mice in a dose-dependent manner resulting in reduced serum Ttr levels for at least 12 months.

Lipid 5 is an amino lipid that affords efficient mRNA delivery in rodent and primate models. Lipid 5 shows optimal pharmacokinetics and non-toxic side effects.Replacement of the linoleic tail with a primary ester-containing lipid tail (Lipid 5) provids increased expression and optimal tissue clearance. The metabolite identification studies with Lipid 5 indicated that hydrolysis of the primary ester is the first step in the metabolism of the lipid[1].Clearance of Lipid 5 and MC3 from multiple mouse tissues is measured after dosing 0.05 mg/kg mRNA on days 1, 8, and 15 in CD-1 female mice. Liver and spleen have the highest levels of Lipid 5, however, significantly lower levels than MC3. Lipid 5 is detected in plasma, lung, and kidney, but not in heart[1].

Isopropyl myristate is the ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid.

Colfosceril Palmitate, also known as 129Y-83 and DPPC, is the primary surface-active agent of natural lung surfactant and the major constituent of exogenous surface replacement preparations. Colfosceril Palmitate is used for the prophylaxis and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

Benzethonium Chloride, also known as Hyamine, is synthetic quaternary ammonium salt that has surfactant, antiseptic, and anti-infective properties. Benzethonium Chloride is commonly used as a topical antimicrobial agent. Benzethonium chloride exhibited concentration-dependent inhibitions of HERG channel currents with IC(50) values of 4nM and 17nM, respectively, which were also voltage-dependent and use-dependent. Benzethonium Chloride shifted the channel activation I-V curves in a hyperpolarized direction for 10-15mV and accelerated channel activation and inactivation processes by 2-fold.

Calcium saccharate is an oxidized non-cyclic hexose sugar. It may inhibit carcinogenesis and proliferation of cancer cells.