NHC-triphosphate tetrasodium is an active phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) as a triphosphate form. NHC-triphosphate tetrasodium is a weak alternative substrate for the viral polymerase and can be incorporated into HCV replicon RNA.

ATP disodium trihydrate (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium trihydrate) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo, provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP disodium trihydrate is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation.

13-cis-Vitamin A palmitate (13-cis-Retinyl palmitate) is a 13-cis isomer formed by vitamin A palmitate in corn flakes. 13-cis-Vitamin A palmitate has a biological activity of 75% of all-trans-vitamin A palmitate, the most biologically ac-tive form of vitamin A.

9-cis-Vitamin A palmitate (9-cis-Retinyl palmitate) is a 9-cis isomer formed by vitamin A palmitate in corn flakes. 9-cis-Vitamin A palmitate has a biological activity of 26% of all-trans-vitamin A palmitate, the most biologically ac-tive form of vitamin A.

Vitamin D3 octanoate is an octanoate ester of vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 is a naturally occuring form of vitamin D. Vitamin D3 induces cell differentiation and prevents proliferation of cancer cells.

Cortisol sulfate (Cortisol 21-sulfate) is a metabolite of Cortisol. Cortisol sulfate is a specific ligand for intracellular transcortin.

(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium ((R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a metabolite, and converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium has applications as a nutrition source and as a precursor for vitamins, antibiotics and pheromones.

cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline, a proline analogue, is an inhibitor of collagen production. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline could inhibit fibroblast growth by preventing the deposition of triple-helical collagen on the cell layer. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline also depresses

Linoleic acid, an omega-6 trans fatty acid (TFA), acts as a source of energy. Linoleic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linoleic acid can be used for heart diseases research.

DL-Glutamic acid is the conjugate acid of Glutamic acid, which acts as a fundamental metabolite. Comparing with the second phase of polymorphs α and β L-Glutamic acid, DL-Glutamic acid presents better stability.

L-Palmitoylcarnitine TFA, a long-chain acylcarnitine and a fatty acid metabolite, accumulates in the sarcolemma and deranges the membrane lipid environment during ischaemia.

DL-Asparagine is a racemic melange of the Aparagine L and D-enantiomers. DL-Asparagine has been used in growth-media for bacteria-growth.

6-Methyluracil (Pseudothymine), a metabolite of Uracil, can be used as an indicator of acetoacetyl-CoA (AACoA) accumulation. 6-Methyluracil exhibits antiradiation effect in vivo.

L-Uridine, isolated from the Polyporaceae fungus Poria cocos (Schw.), is an enantiomer of the normal RNA constituent D-uridine. L-uridine acts as a phosphate acceptor for nucleoside phosphotransferases.

Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride is an endogenous long-chain acylcarnitine. Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride is a less potent inhibitor of GlyT2. Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride inhibits glycine responses by 16.8% at concentrations up 3 μM.

Orotidine, a nucleotide, is an intermediate in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in RNA and DNA. Orotidine is mainly found in bacteria, fungi and plants.

OMDM-1 is a potent, selective and metabolically stable inhibitor of anandamide cellular uptake (ACU), with a Ki of 2.4 μM.

OMDM-2 is a potent, selective and metabolically stable inhibitor of anandamide cellular uptake (ACU), with a Ki of 3.0 μM.

Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 (1-Linoleoyl-2-Hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC), a lysophospholipid, is a potential biomarker identified from insulin resistance (IR) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Low plasma Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 also has been shown to predict impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and memory impairment.

Sodium 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate is a precursor of pantothenic acid in Escherichia coli.

3,5-Dimethylbenzaldehyde is a building block in the chemical synthesis.

Myristelaidic acid (trans-9-Tetradecenoic acid), a 14-carbon trans fatty acid, is the trans isomer of Myristoleic acid. Myristelaidic acid is found in most animal fats.