TUG-469 is a selective free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) agonist with an EC50 value of 19 nM. TUG-469 is >200-fold selective for FFA1 over FFA4. TUG-469 significantly improves glucose tolerance in pre-diabetic mice. TUG-469 can be used for the research of diabetes.

TUG-499 is a selective free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1 or GPR40) (Free Fatty Acid Receptor) agonist with a pEC50 of 7.39. TUG-499 exhibits >100-fold selectivity over the related receptors FFA2, FFA3, and the nuclear receptor PPARγ and other diverse receptors, ion channels, and transporters. TUG-499 can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes.

2CTAP is a small molecule inverse agonist of FFA2 receptor signalling, inhibits constitutive Ca2+ levels, antagonised acetate-induced pERK1/2 and prevents damage following IRI, has no effect on cAMP.

AZ13595491 (AZ491) is a potent, selective G-protein-coupled receptor GPR120 (FFAR4) agonist with IC50 of 0.74/1.0 uM for huamn/mouse GPR120, respectively.

AZ423 (AZ13595423, AZ-423) is a potent, selective G-protein-coupled receptor GPR120 (FFAR4) agonist with IC50 of 0.36/0.51 uM for huamn/mouse GPR120, respectively.

CPL207280 (CPL 207280) is a novel potent, selective GPR40/FFA1 agonist with EC50 of 80 nM in a Ca2+ influx assay, shows greater potency than fasiglifam (EC50=270 nM).

MK-2305 (MK2305) is a potent and selective partial GPR40 (FFAR1) agonist with EC50 of 6 nM (rat GPR40), stimulates glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).

Phenylacetamide 2 (FFA2 allosteric agonist 2) is a potent, specific and allosteric agonist of FFA2 (GPR43) with cAMP IC50 of 0.48 and 0.66 uM for hFFA2 and mFFA2, respectively.

TUG-2304 (TUG2304) is a highly potent FFA2 (GPR43) antagonist with IC50 of 3-4 nM in both cAMP and GTPγS assays.