(R)-CR8 trihydrochloride (CR8 trihydrochloride), a second-generation analog of Roscovitine, is a potent CDK1/2/5/7/9 inhibitor. (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride inhibits CDK1/cyclin B (IC50=0.09 μM), CDK2/cyclin A (0.072 μM), CDK2/cyclin E (0.041 μM), CDK5/p25 (0.11 μM), CDK7/cyclin H (1.1 μM), CDK9/cyclin T (0.18 μM) and CK1δ/ε (0.4 μM). (R)-CR8 trihydrochloride induces apoptosis and has neuroprotective effect.

CWP232228, a highly potent selective Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, antagonizes binding of β-catenin to T-cell factor (TCF) in the nucleus. CWP232228 suppresses tumor formation and metastasis without toxicity through the inhibition of the growth of breast and liver cancer stem cells (CSCs).

Siguazodan (SKF 94836) is a potent, selective and orally active phosphodiesterase III (PDE-III) inhibitor with an IC50 of 117 nM. Siguazodan increases cAMP accumulation in intact platelets with an EC50 of 18.88 μM. Siguazodan also inhibits phenylephrine-induced 5-HT release with an IC50 value of 4.2 μM.

FK706 is a potent, slow-binding and competitive inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase with an IC50 of 83 nM and a Ki of 4.2 nM. FK706 also inhibits mouse neutrophil elastase and porcine pancreatic elastase with IC50s of 22 nM and 100 nM, respectively, and has no inhibitory activity against other serine proteinases such as human pancreatic trypsin, human pancreatic α-chymotrypsin and human leukocyte cathepsin G. FK706 has anti-inflammatory effect.

Sulfaclozine sodium (Sulfachloropyrazine sodium) is an efficacious sulphonamide derivative with antibacterial and anticoccidial effects. Sulfaclozine sodium is commonly used for the treatment of various poultry diseases (particularly, collibacteriosis, fowl cholera and coccidiosis).

EGFR-IN-1 (compound 24) is an orally active and irreversible L858R/T790M mutant selective EGFR inhibitor. EGFR-IN-1 potently inhibits Gefitinib-resistant EGFR L858R, T790M with 100-fold selectivity over wild-type EGFR. EGFR-IN-1 displays strong antiproliferative activity against the H1975 cells and the first line mutant HCC827 cells. Antitumor activity.

Pralnacasan (VX-740) is a potent, selective, non-peptide and orally active interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE, caspase 1) inhibitor with a Ki of 1.4 nM. Pralnacasan inhibits proinflammatory cytokines IL-18, IL-1β , and IFN-γ. Pralnacasan has the potential for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis treatment.

Anatabine dicitrate is a tobacco alkaloid that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Anatabine dicitrate is a potent α4β2 nAChR agonist. Anatabine dicitrate inhibits NF-κB activation lower amyloid-β (Aβ) production by preventing the β-cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Anatabine dicitrate has anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for neurodegenerative disorders treatment.

Cysteine protease inhibitor-2 is a cysteine protease inhibitor extracted from patent US20070032499A1, compound 12. Cysteine protease inhibitor-2 inhibits the cells growth of DCT116 and PC3 cells with GI50 values of 6.5 μM and 4.4 μM, respectively.

β-D-Glucose Pentaacetate (Penta-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose) is used in biochemical reaction.

Sodium thiocyanate reduces plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. Sodium thiocyanate also significantly reduces of ROS formation.

NH-bis(C1-Boc)is a uncleavable linker used for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC).

Mal-amido-(CH2COOH)2, compound 7a, is a maleimidoethyl-containing intermediate for hydrophilic ADC linker.

Tetraethylene glycol monotosylate is a cleavable and acylhydrazone-based ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Mal-L-PA-NH-Boc is a noncleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

BMPS is a nonclaevable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

NH2-PEG2-C2-Boc is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs. NH2-PEG2-C2-Boc is also a non-cleavable 2 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Hydroxy-PEG2-(CH2)2-Boc is a uncleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Hydroxy-PEG2-(CH2)2-Boc is extracted from patent WO2004008101A2 (compound 196).

N3-PEG3-CH2CH2-Boc is a cleavable 3 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). N3-PEG3-CH2CH2-Boc is also a PEG- and Alkyl/ether-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.

N3-PEG3-CH2CH2COOH a PEG-based PROTAC linker can be used in the synthesis of BI-3663, BI-4216 and BI-0319. Azido-PEG3-acid is also a non-cleavable 3 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Azido-PEG4-CH2-Boc is a cleavable 4 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Azido-PEG4-CH2-Boc is also a PEG- and Alkyl/ether-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.

Boc-NH-PEG4-CH2COOH is a cleavable ADC linker used as a linker for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC).

m-PEG2-Tos is a uncleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

MAC glucuronide linker-1 is a nonclaevable ADC linker for antibody-drug-conjugations (ADCs).

MAC glucuronide linker-2 is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Phe-OtBu is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Fmoc-Gly-Gly-D-Phe-OtBu is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Fmoc-Gly-Gly-D-Phe-OtBu is the R-isomer of Fmoc-Gly-Gly-Phe-OtBu.

MC-Gly-Gly-Phe is a cleavable linker used for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC).

LY518674 is a potent, selective PPARα antagonist, with an EC50 of 42 nM for human PPARα. LY518674 reduces triglycerides in and increased HDL-C and is used for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Selumetinib (AZD6244) is selective, non-ATP-competitive oral MEK1/2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 14 nM for MEK1. Selumetinib (AZD6244) inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

4-Acetamidophenyl acetate is an impurity of Acetaminophen (paracetamol). Acetaminophen, an analgesic drug, is a selective COX-2 inhibitor (IC50=25.8 μM), and is a potent hepatic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) inhibitor.

Enzalutamide carboxylic acid (MDV3100 carboxylic acid) is an inactive metabolite of Enzalutamide (MDV3100). Enzalutamide is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist.

trans-Doxercalciferol is an isomer of Doxercalciferol. Doxercalciferol is a Vitamin D2 analog, acts as an activator of Vitamin D receptor, and prevent renal disease.

L-Xylose (L-(-)-Xylose) is the levo-isomer of Xylose. Xylose is classified as a monosaccharide of the aldopentose type.

ent-Tadalafil (ent-IC-351), compound (6S,12aS), is a inactive cis-enantiomer of compound (6R,12aS). compound (6R,12aS) is a potent PDE5 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.090 μM, while ent-Tadalafil is inactive at concentrations up to 10 µM.

Deslanoside (Desacetyllanatoside C) is a rapidly acting cardiac glycoside used to treat congestive heart failure and supraventricular arrhythmias due to reentry mechanisms, and to control ventricular rate in the treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation. Deslanoside inhibits the Na-K-ATPase membrane pump, resulting in an increase in intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations .

Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium is an orally bioavailable, semi-synthetic medication with anti-inflammatory and pro-chondrogenic properties. Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium also is a potent and selective anti-HIV agent. Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium is used for the treatment of interstitial cystitis.

Rosoxacin (Acrosoxacin) is a potent and orally active quinolone antibiotic. Rosoxacin (Acrosoxacin) has antibacterial activities against a broad spectrum of Gram negative bacteria including Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC90=0.03mg/ml). Rosoxacin has the potential for urinary tract infections treatment.

Clavulanate lithium is a potent β-lactamase inhibitor and acts as an antibiotic.

L-Ornithine L-aspartate is a stable salt of two natural nonessential L-amino acids: ornithine and aspartic acid. L-Ornithine L-aspartate lowers blood ammonia concentration and to eliminate symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy associated with liver cirrhosis.

(S)-Carvedilol, the S-enantiomer of Carvedilol, is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker. (S)-Carvedilol exerts protection against the vascular or cardiac toxicity of Doxorubicin (DOX).

(R)-Carvedilol ((R)-BM 14190), the R-enantiomer of Carvedilol, is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker. (R)-Carvedilol exerts protection against the vascular or cardiac toxicity of Doxorubicin (DOX).

Sulfamethoxazole sodium (Ro 4-2130 sodium) is a sulfonamide bacteriostatic antibiotic. Sulfamethoxazole sodium is used to treat various urinary tract pathogens and in combination with Trimethoprim is considered the gold standard in the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs).

(S)-Mirtazapine ((S)-Org3770) is a S(+)-enantiomer of Mirtazapine with pronociceptive properties in an animal model of acute thermal nociception. (S)-Mirtazapine is a stereoselective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. (S)-Mirtazapine is metabolized by CYP2D6 and CYP1A2.

(R)-Terazosin is the R-enantiomer of Terazosin. (R)-Terazosin is a potent α-adrenoceptor antagonist with Ki values of 6.51 nM, 1.01 nM and 1.97 nM for α1a, α1b and α1d-adrenoceptor, respectively.

L-Epinephrine hydrochloride ((-)-Epinephrine hydrochloride; L-Adrenaline hydrochloride; (-)-Adrenalin hydrochloride), an endogenous neurotransmitter hormone, is used for the treatment of allergic and respiratory disorders.

Ritodrine hydrochloride (DU21220 hydrochloride) is a β-2 adrenergic receptor agonist.

Enrofloxacin monohydrochloride (BAY Vp 2674 monohydrochloride) is an effective antibiotic with an MIC90 of 0.312 μg/mL for Mycoplasma bovis.

(R)-Lercanidipine hydrochloride is the R-enantiomer of Lercanidipine. (R)-lercanidipine hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker.

(S)-Lercanidipine hydrochloride is the S-enantiomer of Lercanidipine hydrochloride. (S)-lercanidipine hydrochloride is a potent calcium channel blocker.

Fibrin, isolated from bovine blood, is an insoluble protein produced in response to bleeding. Fibrin is the major component of the blood clot and is used for coagulation.

Perospirone (SM-9018 free base) is an orally active antagonist of 5-HT2A receptor (Ki=0.6 nM) and dopamine D2 receptor (Ki=1.4 nM), and also a partial agonist of 5-HT1A receptor (Ki=2.9 nM). Perospirone is an atypical antipsychotic drug and has the potential for schizophrenic disease treatment.

Pipecuronium bromide is a potent long-acting nondepolarizing steroidal neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA), and a bisquaternary ammonium compound. Pipecuronium bromide is a powerful competitive nAChR antagonist with a Kd of 3.06 μM.

(R,R)-Glycopyrrolate ((R,R)-Glycopyrronium (bromide); (R,R)-Glycopyrrolate (bromide)) is an anticholinergic agent. (R,R)-Glycopyrrolate ((R,R)-Glycopyrronium (bromide); (R,R)-Glycopyrrolate (bromide)) has the ability to reduce the frequency of drooling in vivo with developmental disabilities.

Amoxapine is a tetracyclic antidepressant of the dibenzoxazepine family, though it is often classified as a secondary amine tricyclic antidepressant.

Hydrastinine is a major alkaloid constituent in goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis). Hydrastinine can be used as a haemostatic agent.

Foscarnet sodium (Trisodium phosphonoformate) is a viral DNA polymerase activity inhibitor, leading to reversible suppression of viral replication. Foscarnet sodium is an antiherpesvirus agent used in cytomegalovirus retinitis.

Mecamylamine hydrochloride is an orally active, nonselective, noncompetitive nAChR antagonist that can treat various neuropsychiatric disorders. Mecamylamine hydrochloride is originally used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension. Mecamylamine hydrochloride can easily crosses the blood-brain barrier.

Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) is an NO donor that prevents LV remodeling and degradation of cardiac function following myocardial infarction (MI).

Emetine is an anti-protozoal drug previously used for intestinal and tissue amoebiasis.

Picrotoxinin, a potent convulsant, is a chloride channel blocker. Picrotoxinin is a noncompetitive GABAA receptor antagonist, which negatively modulates the action of GABA on GABAA receptors.

Zuclomiphene citrate is a cis isomer of Clomiphene citrate. Zuclomiphene citrate has an antiestrogenic effect and can inhibit the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) more than the trans isomer. Zuclomiphene citrate is also an orally active hypocholesterolemic agent.

Mebrofenin (SQ 26962) is a type of iminodiacetic acid (IDA). Mebrofenin is available as a ready to use the kit for radio-labeling with Tc-99m. Tc-99m Mebrofenin, a diagnostic agent, is used for hepatobiliary imaging. Tc-99m Mebrofenin is the radiopharmaceutical of choice for the evaluation of hepatic function.

Metrizoic acid (Metrizoate) is an ionic contrast medium. Metrizoic acid (Metrizoate) shows high osmolality and has a risk of inducing allergic reactions.

Ubiquinol (Ubiquinol-10) is a reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Ubiquinol is a potent antioxidant that has the capacity to protect Vitamin E, and also helps to regenerate depleted vitamin E and Vitamin C. Ubiquinol is both lipophilic and hydrophilic and acts as transmembrane factor preventing lipid peroxidation and propagation by transferring electrons to ROS.

Perflubron(1-Bromoheptadecafluorooctane;Heptadecafluorooctyl bromide; Perfluorooctyl bromide) is a contrast medium for magnetic resonance imaging and sonography. Perflubron (1-Bromoheptadecafluorooctane;Heptadecafluorooctyl bromide; Perfluorooctyl bromide) can be emulsified with egg phospholipids (EYP) and shows exceptionally fast excretion characteristics.

Quinidine sulfate dihydrate is a potent and selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450db and inhibits amphetamine metabolism in vivo. Quinidine sulfate dihydrate enhances the cytotoxicity of vincristine (VCR) in tumor cells and especially in VCR-resistant sublines of P388 leukemia (P388/VCR) and human myelogenous leukemia.

Spermidine trihydrochloride maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine trihydrochloride significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents.

Thymol iodide is a compound of Iodide and Thymol. Thymol iodide acts as a substitute for iodoform. Thymol iodide is an iodine derivative of Thymol (a phenol derived from thyme oil), which is mostly used as mild antiseptic and fungicide.

Tocainide hydrochloride is a sodium channel blocker, it blocks the sodium channels in the pain-producing foci in the nerve membranes. Tocainide hydrochloride is a primary amine analog of lidocaine, can be used for the treatment of tinnitus.

Tolonidine is a derivative of imidazoline. Tolonidine is orally active and has been shown to possess hypotensive and antihypertensive properties.

Adefovir (GS-0393) is an adenosine monophosphate analog antiviral agent that after intracellular conversion to Adefovir diphosphate inhibits HBV DNA polymerase. Adefovir has an IC50 of 0.7 μM against HBV in the HepG2.2.15 cell line. Adefovir has good antiviral activity against several viruses, including HBV and herpesviruses.

Mildronate (Meldonium) functions as a cardioprotective drug by cpmpetetively inhibiting BBOX1 and OCTN2. Mildronate (Meldonium) exhibits IC50 values of 34-62 μM for human recombinant BBOX and an EC50 of 21 μM for human OCTN2. Mildronate (Meldonium) treatment-induced redirection of long-chain FA metabolism from mitochondria to peroxisomes.

Tiamulin (Thiamutilin) is a diterpenic veterinary drug widely used in swine for the control of infectious diseases, including swine dysentery and enzootic pneumonia.

(R)-(+)-Atenolol is the less active enantiomer of the (R,S)-atenolol. (R,S)-atenolol is a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist.

Chlorotrianisene is a long-acting non-steroidal estrogen and an orally active estrogen receptor modulator. Chlorotrianisene exhibits antiestrogenic activity. Chlorotrianisene potently inhibits the enzyme COX-1 and inhibits platelet aggregation in whole blood.

Phosphatidylcholine is the main phospholipid component in eukaryotic biofilms. Phosphatidylcholine exists in commensal or pathogenic bacteria associated with eukaryotes in prokaryotes. Phosphorylcholine exhibits a surprising range of immunomodulatory properties.

L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride), a highly polar, small zwitterion, is an essential co-factor for the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway. L-Carnitine hydrochloride functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride is an antioxidant. L-Carnitine hydrochloride can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism.

Azure B is a cationic dye and the major metabolite of Methylene blue. Azure B is used in making Azure eosin stains for blood smear staining. Azure B is a high-potency, selective and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidases (MAO)-A, with IC50s of 11 and 968 nM for recombinant human MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Azure B possesses significant antidepressant-like effects.

Br-Mmc (4-Bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin) is often used as fluorescent label for the determination of compounds possessing a carboxylic group. Br-Mmc is used for the determination fatty acids by TLC or HPLC.

Orcinol (3,5-Dihydroxytoluene) is an organic compound used as biological dye and indicator for proteomics research.

NIR-H2O2 is a cell-permeable near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent turn-on sensor. NIR-H2O2 has both absorption and emission in the NIR region. NIR-H2O2 responds to H2O2 with a large turn-on NIR fluorescence signal upon excitation in the NIR region. NIR-H2O2 is capable of imaging endogenously produced H2O2 in living cells and mice.

NIR-Thiol dinitrobenzenesulfonate has both absorption and emission in the NIR region. NIR-Thiol dinitrobenzenesulfonate responds to thiol with a large turn-on NIR fluorescence signal upon excitation in the NIR region. NIR-Thiol dinitrobenzenesulfonate is capable of imaging endogenously produced thiol in living cells and mice.

NIR dye-1 (Compound 1h) is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye. NIR dye-1 has absorption and emission in the NIR region, while retaining an optically tunable hydroxyl group.

Vilazodone carboxylic acid is a vilazodone metabolite observed in both urine (major) and plasma (minor).

Phthalic acid is the final common metabolite of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). Phthalic acid can be used for the synthesis of synthetic agents, such as isophthalic acid (IPA), and terephthalic acid (TPA). Phthalic acid has applications in the preparation of phthalate ester plasticizers.

(R)-Apremilast ((R)-CC-10004) is a enantiomer of Apremilast.

Argireline acetate (Acetyl hexapeptide-3 acetate) is a non-toxic, skin-permeable, antiwrinkle peptide. Argireline acetate significantly inhibits Ca2+ dependent neurotransmitter release (acetylcholine) at the neuromuscular junction. Argireline acetate has antiwrinkle and anti-aging activity.

Sincalide ammonium (Cholecystokinin octapeptide ammonium) is a rapid-acting amino acid polypeptide hormone analogue of cholecystokinin (CCK) for intravenous use in postevacuation cholecystography. Sincalide ammonium is an agent that promotes gallbladder contraction by injection and helps diagnose gallbladder and pancreas disorders. The hepatobiliary physiologic effect of Sincalide ammonium is to increase bile secretion, cause the gallbladder to contract and relax the sphincter of Oddi, resulting in bile drainage into the duodenum.

RC-3095 acetate is a bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) antagonist. RC-3095 acetate exerts protective effects by reducing gastric oxidative injury in the arthritic mice.

β-Casomorphin, bovine TFA (β-Casomorphin-7 (bovine) TFA) is a opioid peptide with an IC50 of 14 μM in an Opioid receptors binding assay.

Microcystin LA, a natural toxin, exerts its cytotoxic exects by inhibiting the serine-threonine protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A with IC50s of 0.3 and 0.3 nM, respectively.

Xenopsin TFA, a neurotensin-like octapeptide from Xenopus laevis skin. Xenopsin TFA is an inhibitor of Tetragastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion.

Magainin 1 TFA is an antimicrobial and amphipathic peptide isolated from the skin of Xenopus laevis. Magainin 1 TFA exhibits antibiotic activity against numerous Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

PGLa TFA, a 21-residue peptide, is an antimicrobial peptide. PGLa TFA is a member of the magainin family of antibiotic peptides found in frog skin and its secretions.

TAT TFA (YGRKKRRQRRR) is derived from the transactivator of transcription (TAT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and is a cell-penetrating peptide. TAT can increase the yields and the solubility of heterologous proteins.

LSKL, Inhibitor of Thrombospondin (TSP-1) TFA is a latency-associated protein (LAP)-TGFβ derived tetrapeptide and a competitive TGF-β1 antagonist. LSKL, Inhibitor of Thrombospondin (TSP-1) TFA inhibits the binding of TSP-1 to LAP and alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis and hepatic fibrosis. LSKL, Inhibitor of Thrombospondin (TSP-1) TFA suppresses subarachnoid fibrosis via inhibition of TSP-1-mediated TGF-β1 activity, prevents the development of chronic hydrocephalus and improves long-term neurocognitive defects following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). LSKL, Inhibitor of Thrombospondin (TSP-1) TFA can readily crosse the blood-brain barrier.

Fibronectin Adhesion-promoting Peptide (Heparin Binding Peptide) is one of the heparin-binding amino acid sequences found in the carboxy-terminal heparin-binding domain of fibronectin. It promotes assembly of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroids into larger aggregates. Fibronectin Adhesion-promoting Peptide directly promotes the adhesion, spreading, and migration of endothelial cells by reacting with heparin binding domains of cells.

AA-Z-YVAD-FMK is a cell-permeable, irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.

Hexa-D-arginine TFA (Furin Inhibitor II TFA) is a stable furin inhibitor with Ki values 106 nM, 580 nM and 13.2 μM for furin, PACE4 and prohormone convertase-1 (PC1), respectively. Hexa-D-arginine TFA blocks Pseudomonas exotoxin A and anthrax toxins toxicity in vitro and in vivo.

Amylin, amide, human TFA, a 37-amino acid polypeptide, is a pancreatic hormone cosecreted with insulin that exerts unique roles in metabolism and glucose homeostasis. Amylin, amide, human TFA inhibits glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying, and acts as a satiety agent.

Ivachtin (Caspase-3 Inhibitor VII; compound 7a) is a nonpeptide, noncompetitive and reversibl caspase-3 inhibitor with an IC50 of 23 nM. Ivachtin has modest selectivity for the remaining caspases.

Antisauvagine-30 TFA (aSvg-30 TFA) is a potent, highly selective and competitive CRF2 receptor peptidic antagonist. Antisauvagine-30 TFA exhibits a Kd of 1.4 nM and 150 nM for mCRFR2β and CRFR1, respectively.

Gap19, a peptide derived from nine amino acids of the Cx43 cytoplasmic loop (CL), is a potent and selective connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel blocker. Gap19 inhibits hemichannels caused by preventing intramolecular interactions of the C-terminus (CT) with the CL. Gap19 is not blocking GJ channels or Cx40/pannexin-1 hemichannels. Gap19 has protective effects against myocardial.

Gap19 TFA, a peptide derived from nine amino acids of the Cx43 cytoplasmic loop (CL), is a potent and selective connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel blocker. Gap19 TFA inhibits hemichannels caused by preventing intramolecular interactions of the C-terminus (CT) with the CL. Gap19 TFA is not blocking GJ channels or Cx40/pannexin-1 hemichannels. Gap19 TFA has protective effects against myocardial.

Epitalon is an anti-aging agent and a telomerase activator. Epitalon has an inhibitory effect of the on the development of spontaneous tumors in mice, has geroprotective actions and intranasal administration increases neuronal activity. Epitalon can be used for cancer, old age and Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Epitalon TFA is an anti-aging agent and a telomerase activator. Epitalon TFA has an inhibitory effect of the on the development of spontaneous tumors in mice, has geroprotective actions and intranasal administration increases neuronal activity. Epitalon TFA can be used for cancer, old age and Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Pam3CSK4 is a toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) agonist with an EC50 of 0.47 ng/mL for human TLR1/2.

Pam3CSK4 TFA is a toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) agonist with an EC50 of 0.47 ng/mL for human TLR1/2.

Neuromedin U, rat TFA is a 23-amino acid brain-gut peptide. Neuromedin U (NMU), through its cognate receptor NMUR2 in the central nervous system, regulates several important physiological functions, including energy balance, stress response, and nociception.

PKG inhibitor peptide TFA is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), with a Ki of 86 μM.

Neuropeptide S human (TFA) is a potent endogenous neuropeptide S receptor agonist (EC50=9.4 nM). Neuropeptide S human (TFA) increases locomotor activity and wakefulness in mice. Neuropeptide S human (TFA) has the potential for alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment.

Pam3CSK4-Biotin is biotinylated Pam3CSK4. Pam3CSK4-Biotin is a Toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) agonist.

Fz7-21 TFA ((Ac)-LPSDDLEFWCHVMY-NH2 TFA), a peptide antagonist of Frizzled 7 (FZD 7) receptors, selectively binds to FZD7 CRD subclass. The EC50 values are 58 and 34 nM for human and mouse FZD7 CRD, respectively. Fz7-21 impairs Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HEK293 cells stimulated with exogenous WNT3A (IC50=100 nM) or transfected with a construct expressing WNT3A or WNT1. Fz7-21 also blocks WNT3A-mediated stabilization of β-catenin in mouse L cells (IC50=50 nM).

Fz7-21 TFA ((Ac)-LPSDDLEFWCHVMY-NH2 TFA), a peptide antagonist of Frizzled 7 (FZD 7) receptors, selectively binds to FZD7 CRD subclass. The EC50 values are 58 and 34 nM for human and mouse FZD7 CRD, respectively. Fz7-21 impairs Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HEK293 cells stimulated with exogenous WNT3A (IC50=100 nM) or transfected with a construct expressing WNT3A or WNT1. Fz7-21 also blocks WNT3A-mediated stabilization of β-catenin in mouse L cells (IC50=50 nM).

Secretin (28-54), human TFA is a 27-amino acid residue C-terminally amidated peptide, which acts on human secretin receptors.

Adrenomedullin (AM) (22-52), human (22-52-Adrenomedullin human) TFA, an NH2 terminal truncated adrenomedullin analogue, is an adrenomedullin receptor antagonist. Adrenomedullin (AM) (22-52), human also antagonizes the calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) receptor in the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat.

β-Casomorphin, human TFA (Human β-casomorphin 7 TFA) is an opioid peptide, acts as an agonist of opioid receptor.

Fibrinopeptide B, human TFA (FPB,human TFA), human is a 14-aa peptide, released from the amino-terminus of β-chains of fibrinogen by thrombin.

Secretin, porcine TFA (Porcine secretin TFA) is a 27-amino acid peptide, acting on pancreatic acinar cells and ductal epithelial cells stimulating the production of bicarbonate rich fluid.

Fibrinopeptide A, human TFA is a 16-residue short polypeptide cleaved from fibrinogen by thrombin. Fibrinopeptide A, human locates at the NH2-termini of the Aα chain.

Transdermal Peptide TFA (TD 1 peptide TFA) is a 11-amino acid peptide, binds to Na+/K+-ATPase beta-subunit (ATP1B1), and mainly interacts with the C-terminus of ATP1B1. Transdermal Peptide TFA can enhance the transdermal delivery of many macromolecules.

BNP-45 (rat) TFA is a circulating form of rat brain natriuretic peptide isolated from rat heart with potent hypotensive and natriuretic potency.

SPR741 TFA (NAB741 TFA) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 TFA increases the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 TFA inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 TFA.

SPR741 acetate (NAB741 acetate) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 acetate increases the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 acetate inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 acetate.

HPV16 E7 (86-93) TFA is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2.1 restricted HPV16 E7-derived peptide. HPV16 E7 (86-93) TFA is immunogenic in cervical carcinomas.

β-Casomorphin (1-5), bovine (TFA) is a peptide of bovine β-Casomorphin.

Angiotensin II (1-4), human (TFA) is an endogenous peptide produced from AT I by angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II binds the AT II type 1 (AT1) receptor, stimulating GPCRs in vascular smooth muscle cells and increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels. Angiotensin II also acts at the Na+/H+ exchanger in the proximal tubules of the kidney.

Caerulein, desulfated TFA is the desulfurated form of Caerulein. Caerulein is a decapeptide having the same five carboxyl-terminal amino acids as gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK).

Galanin Receptor Ligand M35 TFA is a high-affinity ligand and antagonist of galanin receptor (Kd=0.1 nM). Galanin Receptor Ligand M35 TFA exerts a Ki values of 0.11 and 2.0 nM for human galanin receptor type 1 and 2, respectively.

α2β1 Integrin Ligand Peptide TFA interacts with the α2β1 integrin receptor on the cell membrane and mediates extracellular signals into cells. It is a potential antagonist of collagen receptors.

SEB Domain 144-153 TFA is Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B domain amino acid residue 144-153. SEB Domain 144-153 inhibits transcytosis of multiple staphylococcal enterotoxins, SEA, SEE, and TSST-1. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus.

Bivalirudin, a peptide anticoagulant,direct thrombin inhibitor for anticoagulation in the setting of invasive cardiology, particularly percutaneous coronary intervention.

Risuteganib hydrochloride is a synthetic RGD (arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid)-class peptide. Risuteganib hydrochloride is an anti-integrin that downregulates oxidative stress and restores homeostasis, and targets three integrin receptors that are implicated in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in order to restore homeostasis in the retina.

Lanreotide acetate (BIM 23014 acetate) is a somatostatin analogue with antineoplastic activity. Lanreotide acetate is used for treatment for carcinoid syndrome.

GIP (1-30) amide (Human) is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide fragment. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and reduces postprandial glycaemic excursions. GIP (1-30) amide (Human) dose-dependently promotes insulin secretion over the range 10-9-10-6 M.

GIP (1-30) amide (Human) TFA is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide fragment. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and reduces postprandial glycaemic excursions. GIP (1-30) amide (Human) TFA dose-dependently promotes insulin secretion over the range 10-9-10-6 M.

TRV120027, a β-arrestin-1-biased agonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), engages ß-arrestins while blocking G-protein signaling. TRV120027 induces acute catecholamine secretion through cation channel subfamily C3 (TRPC3) coupling, promotes the formation of a macromolecular complex composed of AT1R–β-arrestin-1–TRPC3–PLCγ at the plasma membrane. TRV120027 inhibits angiotensin II–mediated vasoconstriction and increases cardiomyocyte contractility. TRV120027 has the potential for the acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) treatment.

TRV120027 TFA, a β-arrestin-1-biased agonist of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), engages ß-arrestins while blocking G-protein signaling. TRV120027 TFA induces acute catecholamine secretion through cation channel subfamily C3 (TRPC3) coupling, promotes the formation of a macromolecular complex composed of AT1R–β-arrestin-1–TRPC3–PLCγ at the plasma membrane. TRV120027 TFA inhibits angiotensin II–mediated vasoconstriction and increases cardiomyocyte contractility. TRV120027 TFA has the potential for the acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) treatment.

CCP peptide is a synthetic cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and used as the substrate for detecting anti-CCP antibodies serologically. CCP peptide functions as a target for autoantibodies with a very high specificity for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

CCP peptide TFA is a synthetic cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and used as the substrate for detecting anti-CCP antibodies serologically. CCP peptide TFA functions as a target for autoantibodies with a very high specificity for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

KISS1-305, the Metastin/Kisspeptin analog, is a prototype peptide and a chemical probe. KISS1-305 has suboptimal KISS1R agonistic activity, and resists plasma protease degradation.

TAT-amide is a cell penetrating peptide. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short amino acid sequences able to enter different cells.

TAT-amide TFA is a cell penetrating peptide. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short amino acid sequences able to enter different cells.

AtPep3 is a hormone-like peptide. AtPep3 can enhance salinity tolerance of plants and inhibits the salt-induced bleaching of chlorophyll in seedlings.

AtPep3 TFA is a hormone-like peptide. AtPep3 TFA can enhance salinity tolerance of plants and inhibits the salt-induced bleaching of chlorophyll in seedlings.

GPLGIAGQ, a MMP2-cleavable polypeptide, is used as a stimulus-sensitive linker in both liposomal and micellar nanocarriers for MMP2-triggered tumor targeting. GPLGIAGQ can be used to synthesis unique MMP2-targeted photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT).

GPLGIAGQ TFA, a MMP2-cleavable polypeptide, is used as a stimulus-sensitive linker in both liposomal and micellar nanocarriers for MMP2-triggered tumor targeting. GPLGIAGQ TFA can be used to synthesis unique MMP2-targeted photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT).

CGGRGD, a RGD derivative with cysteine as its N-terminal, CGGRGD is synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis technique and the surface of PCL fibers is aminolysised by amino 2-cyanobenzothiazole followed by the addition of 2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT).

CGGRGD TFA, a RGD derivative with cysteine as its N-terminal, CGGRGD TFA is synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis technique and the surface of PCL fibers is aminolysised by amino 2-cyanobenzothiazole followed by the addition of 2-cyanobenzothiazole (CBT).

DX600 TFA is an ACE2 specific inhibitor, and do not cross-react with ACE.

Globomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic and a signal peptidase II (LspA) inhibitor. Globomycin inhibits processing of the prolipoprotein by binding irreversibly to the peptidase. Globomycin has toxic for the mollicute Spiroplasma melliferum with a MIC in the range 6.25-12.5 μM.

Reslizumab (Sch 55700) is humanized monoclonal antibodies that target interleukin-5 (IL-5) for the treatment of eosinophilic asthma. Reslizumab is effective in neutralizing the function of IL-5. Reslizumab inhibits IL-5-dependent cell proliferation, with an IC50 value of approximately 91.1pM. Reslizumab has high binding affinity for human IL-5, with KD values of 109 pM and 4.3 pM in the the Biacore surface plasmon resonance and Kinetic Exclusion Assay, respectively.

Fmoc-NH-PEG4-CH2CH2COOH is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Methyl syringate, a chemical marker of asphodel monofloral honey, is an efficient phenolic mediator for bacterial and fungal laccases. Methyl syringate is a TRPA1 agonist..

3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone(Acetoisovanillone; Isoacetovanillone) is an active compound isolated from P. spinosa. Isoacetovanillone possesses anti-inflammatory activity and prevented injuries due to administration of acetic acid in the colon.

Nonadecanoic acid is a 19-carbon long saturated fatty acid. Nonadecanoic acid is the major constituent of the substance secreted by Rhinotermes marginalis to defence.

Methyl nonadecanoate may be used as an internal standard to determine fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of biodiesel.

N-Boc-PEG3-bromide is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole), a cabbage extract, is the product of the oxidative degradation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by crude enzyme preparations from etiolated pea seedlings. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole) is a biochemical used to prepare analogs of the indole phytoalexin cyclobrassinin.

Fmoc-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid (Fmoc-NH-PEG2-CH2COOH) is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Amino-PEG4-alcohol is a PEG-based PROTAC linker can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs. Amino-PEG4-alcohol is also a non-cleavable 4 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

2-Chloroadenosine, a stable adenosine analogue, protects against long term development of ischaemic cell loss in the rat hippocampus. 2-Chloroadenosine is an apparent competitive inhibitor of uridine influx (apparent Ki=33 μM) and high-affinity nitrobenzylthioinosine binding (apparent Ki=0.18 mM). 2-Chloroadenosine is a transported permeant for the nucleoside transporter in human erythrocytes.

Boc-NH-PEG4-CH2CH2NH2 a cleavable 5 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

m-PEG2-Amine is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

9-cis-Retinal is a natural retinoid. Dietary 9-cis-β-carotene generates 9-cis-retinoids via cleavage into 9-cis-retinal. 9-cis Retinal binds to cellular retinol-binding protein-I (CRBP-I) and CRBP-II with Kds of 8 nM and 5 nM, respectively. 9-cis-Retinal expedites differentiation and maturation of rod photoreceptors in retinal organoids.

Vanillin acetate is easily synthesized from vanillin by treatment with acetic anhydride.

L-Methionine sulfoxide (H-Met(O)-OH), a metabolite of Methionine, induces M1/classical macrophage polarization, and modulates oxidative stress and purinergic signaling parameters.

Cyclofenil is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and an ovulation-inducing agent. Cyclofenil shows an inhibitory effect on dengue virus replication in Vero cells with an EC50 of 1.62 μM. Cyclofenil has anti-dengue-virus activity.

Obidoxime dichloride is a non-full spectrum oxime agent and can be used as an antidote for organophosphate nerve agent poisoning. Obidoxime dichloride reactivates sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and reduces acute toxicity of sarin-evaluated.

2'-O-Methyladenosine, a methylated adenine residue is found in urine of normals as well as in urine of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficient patients. 2'-O-Methyladenosine exhibits unique hypotensive activities .

Triethyl citrate is an ester of citric acid. Triethyl citrate can be used as a plasticizer for cellulosic plastic-based nanocomposites.

(±)-Naringenin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid. (±)-Naringenin displays vasorelaxant effect on endothelium-denuded vessels via the activation of BKCa channels in myocytes.

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate, the active form of vitamin B6, is an essential cofactor for multiple enzymes, including aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase that catalyzes the final stage in the production of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate hydrate is the most important coenzyme variant in the process of vitamin B6 intracellular phosphorylation and is interconvertible with other variants, including pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate (PNP) and pyridoxamine 5′‐phosphate (PMP).

Tetradecanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite and belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Tetradecanedioic acid can act as a candidate biomarker for organic anion-transporting polypeptide mediated drug-drug interactions .

N-Acetyl-L-methionine, a human metabolite, is nutritionally and metabolically equivalent to L-methionine. L-methionine is an indispensable amino acid required for normal growth and development.

Vanillyl butyl ether is a major contributor to the characteristic flavor and fragrance of vanilla. Vanillyl butyl ether is one of the eco-friendly and nontoxic substances. Vanillyl butyl ether has been proposed as a mild warming agent providing a warming sensation and enhancing the blood circulation.

Neryl acetate is a chemical compound isolated from citrus oils.

N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid, a N-acyl-L-amino acid, is a component of animal cell culturing media. N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid is a metabolite of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human.

Disodium succinate is the disodium salt of Succinic acid. Succinic acid is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as one of fermentation products of anaerobic metabolism.

L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme.

Paracetamol (4-acetamidophenol). 2-Acetamidophenol is a promising analgesic and an anti-arthritic agent.

Glycyl-l-leucine is a dipeptide that can be a common substrate for glycyl-leucine dipeptidase.

4-Diethylaminobenzaldehyde is a reversible aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) inhibitor, with a Ki of 4 nM for ALDH1. 4-Diethylaminobenzaldehyde displays potent anti-androgenic effect (IC50= 1.71μM).

Terpinen-4-ol (4-Carvomenthenol), a naturally occurring monoterpene, is the main bioactive component of tea-tree oil. Terpinen-4-ol suppresses inflammatory mediator production by activated human monocytes. Terpinen-4-ol significantly enhances the effect of several chemotherapeutic and biological agents.

m-PEG3-Amine is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

trans-Cinnamaldehyde can be used to prepare highly polyfunctionalized furan ring by reaction of alkyl isocyanides with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate. trans-Cinnamaldehyde can be used to synthesize trans-cinnamaldehyde -β-cyclodextrin complex, an antimicrobial edible coating that increases the shelf life of fresh-cut fruits.

Cyclosporin D, a metabolite of Cyclosporin A, is a weak immunosuppressant. Cyclosporin D is used as internal standard for quantification of Cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin A is a potent immunosuppressant drug, suppress T cell activation by inhibiting calcineurin and the calcineurin-dependent transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAc).

NH2-PEG9-acid is a non-cleavable 9 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Amino-PEG8-Boc is a cleavable 8 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Glufosinate ammonium, a phosphinic acid analogue of glutamic acid, is an herbicide which is converted by plant cells into PT (L-phosphinothricin). Glufosinate ammonium exerts neurotoxic activity.

Glufosinate, a phosphinic acid analogue of glutamic acid, is a herbicide which is converted by plant cells into PT (L-phosphinothricin). Glufosinate exerts neurotoxic activity.

Hydroxy-PEG10-Boc is extacted from patent CN108707228 (example 0024). Hydroxy-PEG10-Boc is a uncleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Hydroxy-PEG10-Boc can be conjugated to Paclitaxel or docetaxel.

Tricarballylic acid, a conjugate acid of a tricarballylate, is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme aconitate hydratase (aconitase; EC 4.2.1.3) with a Ki value of 0.52 mM.

NH2-PEG4-CH2CH2COOH is a cleavable 4 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

m-PEG6-CH2CH2CHO is a non-cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Fmoc-N-methyl-PEG3-CH2CH2COOH is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).

Hydroxy-PEG4-(CH2)2-Boc is a uncleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Hydroxy-PEG4-(CH2)2-Boc is extracted from patent WO2004008101A2 (compound 191).

4-Nitrophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside (PNP-alpha-D-Gal) is an artificial substrate of 4-nitrophenyl (pNP) glycopyranoside for detecting α-galactosidase activity. The amount of released pNP is significantly increased when 4-Nitrophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside is used as substrates.

Boc-NH-PEG4-CH2CH2COOH is a PEG-based PROTAC linker can be used in the synthesis of PROTAC. Boc-NH-PEG4-CH2CH2COOH is also a cleavable ADC linker used as a linker for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC).