L-Lactic acid is used as a substrate for lactic acid dehydrogenase and lactate oxidase.

D-Malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally. The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.

Nipecotic acid, S(+)- is a GABA uptake inhibitor.

L-Cystathionine is a Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.

Tartaric acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in bananas, tamarinds and citrus[4]. Its salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of winemaking. It is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as baking powder used as a leavening agent in food preparation. The acid itself is added to foods as an antioxidant and to impart its distinctive sour taste. Tartaric is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

Dextramycine is an optic isomer of chloramphenicol which is not an antibiotic.

D-Epinephrine is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication. Epinephrine is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons. It plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar. It does this by binding to alpha and beta receptors.

L-Penicillamine is a medication primarily used for the treatment of Wilson's disease. It is also used for people with kidney stones who have high urine cystine levels, rheumatoid arthritis, copper poisoning, and lead poisoning. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include rash, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, and low blood white blood cell levels. Other serious side effects include liver problems, obliterative bronchiolitis, and myasthenia gravis. It is not recommended in people with lupus erythematosus. Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby. Penicillamine works by binding heavy metals such that they can be removed from the body in the urine.

Acetylmandelic acid, (+)- is a chiral derivatizing agent for NMR determination of enantiomeric purity of α-deuterated carboxylic acids, alcohols, and amines.

L-(+)-Ampicillin is an isomer of Ampicillin (A634300), a β-lactam antibiotic used for treating bacterial infection. Ampicillin interferes with cell wall synthesis in bacteria.

Levisoprenaline is a bioactive chemical.

Albizziin is a glutamase inhibitor, a glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor as well as an intermediate in the synthesis of heterocycles.

L-Leucine-1-13C is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Leucine is an α-amino acid, meaning it contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated ?NH3+ form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated ?COO? form under biological conditions), and a side chain isobutyl group, making it a non-polar aliphatic amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the diet. Human dietary sources are foods that contain protein, such as meats, dairy products, soy products, and beans and other legumes. In the genetic code, it is encoded by the six codons UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG. Like valine and isoleucine, leucine is a branched-chain amino acid. The primary metabolic end products of leucine metabolism are acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate; consequently, it is one of the two exclusively ketogenic amino acids, with lysine being the other. It is the most important ketogenic amino acid in humans. Leucine and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid, a minor leucine metabolite, exhibit pharmacological activity in humans and have been demonstrated to promote protein biosynthesis via the phosphorylation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR).

Isoproterenol sulfate anhydrous is a useful alkaloid for biological research purposes.

Carbocysteine is a compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.

L-Serine-1-13C is an amino acid.

Sorbose is a ketose sugar that is commonly used in the commercial synthesis of ASCORBIC ACID.

Carbobenzoxyproline is an inhibitor of prolidase.

Limonene oxide, (-)- is a bioactive chemical.

Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.

Levmetamfetamine (in methanol) is a Nasal Decongestant.

Lysine clonixinate is a non-morphinic analgesic.

25-Desacetylrifapentine is the main metabolite of DL 473-IT in plasma.

Losartan potassium impurity E is a Valsartan impurity.

(-)-Borneol is a bicyclic organic compound and a terpene derivative. The hydroxyl group in this compound is placed in an endo position. There are two different enantiomers of borneol. Both d-(+)-borneol and l-(-)-borneol are found in nature.

Ethionine is an antimetabolite and methionine antagonist that interferes with amino acid incorporation into proteins and with cellular ATP utilization. It also produces liver neoplasms.

L-Propargylglycine is an enzyme Inhibitor.

Elastatinal is an elastase inhibitor found in culture filtrates of various species of actinomyces.

Selenocystine, L- is used as a building block in biologically active selenol compounds.

Methyldopate HCl si an antihypertensive.

Melevodopa is an Anti-Dyskinesia Agent.

L-3373 is a bioactive chemical.

Diphenamid is a chemical compound from the group of acetamides and a herbicide. The effect is based on inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Do not confuse with anti-inflammatory agent difenpiramide.

Dimethoate is an organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.

Blocks sphingosine biosynthesis by inhibition of ketosphinganine synthetase. Cytotoxicity toward neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma cells mediated by suppression of ganglioside synthesis.[1] L-cycloserine is a potent inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, the first step of sphingolipid synthesis.

Thiazolylalanine is an important raw material and intermediate used in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyestuff.

Pidolic acid is a cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.

Levomefolinic acid is a natural, active form of folic acid used at the cellular level for DNA reproduction, the cysteine cycle and the regulation of homocysteine among other functions. It is a coenzymated form of folic acid and a more bioavailable alternative in dietary supplements. It has been proposed for treatment of cardiovascular disease. Levomefolinic acid is used as a treatment and to prevent Folate Deficiency

(-)-Carvone is one of the key constituents of spearmint (Mentha spicata) oil. Studies indicate that it is a potent feeding-deterrent to stored product beetles

Diazooxonorleucine is an amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil.

L-6355 is a bioactive chemical.

Fluazacort is an anti-inflammatory.

L-6424 is an intermediate of Amiodarone, a non-selective ion channel blocker and an antiarrhythmic.

L 655240 is a thromboxane and prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist.

L 669262 is a potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.

Rac-Efavirenz is a non stereospecific structure of Efavirenz.

Monoethylglycinexylidide is the metabolite of xylocaine.

L-Acetylleucine is used for treating vestibular-related imbalance and vertigo.

Pepstatin inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin.

D-Alanyl-L-alanine is a bioactive chemical.

Bialaphos is a natural non-selective phytotoxin produced by certain Streptomyces species. It is a pro-toxin, a tripeptide that is converted in vivo to the active agent phosphinothricin, which is a glutamine analog. L-Phosphinothricin inhibits glutamine synthetase (Ki = 6.1 μM), resulting in accumulation of ammonium and disruption of primary metabolism. The bacterial bar gene encodes a phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, which confers resistance to phosphinothricin.3 Bialaphos is used in the selection of transgenic plants that express the bar gene, usually under the control of a constitutively active viral promoter.

Leucylalanine (Leu-Ala) is use to make non-electrolytic triorganotin(IV) derivatives (general formulae R3Sn(HL)) to study models of metal-protein interactions.

Lauroyl alanine is a fatty acid amide that may be used to support the physical gelation of binary mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents with potential use in injectable biodegradable drug delivery systems.

Acetyltrialanine Binds at two sites on a Tb+3-pancreatic elastase complex.

Kassinin is a Dodecapeptide tachykinin found in the central nervous system of the amphibian Kassina senegalensis. It is similar in structure and action to other tachykinins, but is especially effective in contracting smooth muscle tissue and stimulating the micturition reflex.

Alitame anhydrous is a non-nutritive sweetener that is 2000 times sweeter than sucrose. It is formed from aspartic acid, alanine & an amide.

Santonin is an Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region.

Amoxicillin, L- is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

(S)-Aminoglutethimide tartrate is an aromatase inhibitor. Also blocks adrenal steroidogenesis.

Kyotorphin is a Morphine-like dipeptide from bovine brain.

S 2160 is a synthetic chromogenic substrate for thrombin; liberates p-nitroaniline.

Nicotinamide ascorbate is a bioactive chemical.

Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate is a form of vitamin C.

Argininosuccinic acid is an amino acid formed during the urea cycle from citrulline, aspartate and ATP. This reaction is catalyzed by argininosuccinic acid synthetase.

Aspartyl adenylate is the adenyl derivative of succinic acid that plays a part in nucleotide metabolism.

Amastatin is a non-toxic inhibitor of aminopeptidase A (Ki = 1 μM) and leucine aminopeptidase. Also acts as a slow-binding, competitive inhibitor of aminopeptidase M. Does not inhibit aminopeptidase B, chymotrypsin, elastase, papain, pepsin, thermolysin, or trypsin.

Benzoylphenylalanine is a photoaffinity label.

Carvyl propioate is a Skin / Eye Irritant.

Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide neuropeptide found in muscles.

Camphoric acid, (-)- is a white crystallisable substance obtained from the oxidation of camphor. It exists in three optically different forms; the dextrorotatory one is obtained by the oxidation of dextrorotatory camphor and is used in pharmaceuticals.

Palmitoyl-L-carnitine, also known as L-Palmitoylcarnitine, is a biochemical which may influence the activity of several enzymes and transporters Palmitoyl-L-carnitine is localized in the mitochondrial membrane and facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. L-Palmitoylcarnitine has been shown to accumulate during ischemic myocardium and potentially contribute to myocardial damage through alterations in membrane molecular dynamics.

Propionylcarnitine is present in high abundance in the urine of patients with Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) deficiency, together with Methylmalonic acid. MUT is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA.

Butyrylcarnitine is elevated in patients with Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain (SCAD) deficiency, in infants with acute acidosis and generalized muscle weakness and in middle-aged patients with chronic myopathy localized in muscle; very long chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, and celiac disease.

L-Carnitine tartrate is a Carnitine/ Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias.

Cefadroxil anhydrous, L- is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the cephalosporin type, effective in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. It is a bactericidal antibiotic.

L-Citronellol is a fragrance.

L-cysteic acid is an oxidation product of L-cysteine. L-Cysteic acid, an analogue of cysteine sulfinic acid, may be used in studies of excitatory amino acids in the brain, such as those that bind to cysteine sulfinic acid receptors. L-Cysteic acid is a useful agonist at several rat metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).

Eptifibatide is a potent glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (GPIIb/IIIa; Kd = 120 nM) that inhibits platelet aggregation. Eptifibatide prevents binding of the adhesion proteins fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor to GPIIb/IIIa on the surface of activated platelets to prevent aggregation and thrombus formation. It inhibits ADP-induced citrated blood aggregation (IC50 = 0.11-0.22 μg/ml) in vitro and in vivo (IC50 = 52 μg/ml in porcine plasma). Formulations containing eptifibatide have been used to reduce risk of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Felinine is a sulfur-containing amino acid; a major component in the urine of domestic cat.

Lanthionine is a thioether analogue of cystine; a component of lantibiotics (BACTERIOCINS).

Thialysine HCl is utilized in protein synthesis and it is incorporated into proteins in place of lysine.

N-Monoacetylcystine is an antidote for paracetamol poisoning. It is also an antioxidant, used in the treatment of influenza A virus pandemic. N-Acetyl-L-cystine promotes fertilization by reducing disulfide bonds in zona pellucida of mouse.

L-Cystine S,S-dioxide is a metabolite of L-Cystine.

Dimethyl diacetyl cystinate is a disulfide linked L-cysteine compound for proteomics research.

Hydroorotic acid is a derivative of orotic acid which serves as an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis.

Diisopropyl tartrate is a reagent for kinetic resolution of racemic allylic alcohols and α-furfuryl amides by enantioselective epoxidation.

L-Dithiothreitol is a chiral bidentate dithiol with two stereogenic centers, may be used in chiroptical response research. L-DDT is proposed as a stereoselective reducing agent for disulfide bridges in complex molecules.

Dicentrine, (-)- is an aporphinic alkaloid found in several plant species, mainly from Lauraceae family, which showed significant antinociceptive activity in an acute model of visceral pain in mice. It has also been shown to reduce spontaneous nociception and attenuating mechanical and cold hypersensitivity, probably via a TRPA1-dependent mechanism.

Torcitabine has an activity against hepatitis B virus.

Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring metabolite of HISTIDINE that has antioxidant properties.

L(+)-Erythrose, an aldotetrose rare sugar, may be used in glycation studies and as a reference compound in tetrose carbohydrate separation and quantitation analysis. It may be used to help identify and characterize erythrose reductase(s) and to study the mechanisms of mutarotation in monosugars. L-Erythrose may be used as a reference compound in sugar metabolism analysis.

Ribulose is an important metabolite in pentose interconversions. Ribulose is useful for analyzing L-ribose isomerase, engineering yeast for xylose metabolism, interesting chiral pool compound.

L-erythro-Chloramphenicol functions as a potent inhibitor of electron transport in the mitochondria in biological studies. The L-isomer can be identified from the other CAP-isomers through reversed phase and chiral liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometric detection.

L-Fenchone is a bridged bicyclic ketone found in fennel oil and thuja oil. L-Fenchone undergoes condensation with pyridinylalkylamines to form chiral iminopyridine ligands, which find applications in enantioselective copper-catalyzed Henry (nitro aldol) reaction. It may also be used in the preparation of enantiopure C(7)-anti-substituted fenchones as new chiral sources.

Ophthalmic acid is a glutathione analog in which cysteine moiety is replaced by L-aminobutyrate.

S-methyl glutathione is a methionine containing peptide and glyoxylase inhibitor.

L-Galactose was shown to be a key intermediate in the molecular pathway of converting D-glucose to oxalic acid in Pistia stratiotes.

S-Ethyl glutathione is an inhibitor of the enzyme Glyoxalase 1.

Sorbitol, L- is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, which changes the aldehyde group to a hydroxyl group. Most sorbitol is made from corn syrup, but it is also found in nature, for example in apples, pears, peaches, and prunes. It is converted to fructose by sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase. Sorbitol is an isomer of mannitol, another sugar alcohol; the two differ only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2. While similar, the two sugar alcohols have very different sources in nature, melting points, and uses.

KKI 5 is a serine protease inhibitor that inhibits kallikrein and plasmin. KKI 5 may exhibit anticancer chemotherapeutic benefit and may also be used as a treatment for angioedema. In various cancer cell lines, KKI 5 alters membrane potential and increases intracellular Ca2+, inhibiting cell proliferation.

Arginine glutamate is an ammonia Detoxicant.

Alanine glutamate is a dipeptide.

Emideltide is a peptide.

Tetrasodium glutamate diacetate is a multi-purpose, clear, liquid chelating agent and preservative booster. Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate is made from plant material, readily biodegradable, with high solubility over a wide pH range. Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate serves the same function in formulations as EDTA, without the health and environmental concerns.

Pyridoxylideneglutamate, in conjunction with technetium is a hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical.

Bam 12P is a Pro-Met-enkephalin precursor, isolated from bovine adrenal medulla.

Methopterin has the activation and bone resorption function of murine osteoclasts.

Dihydrofolate is an intermediate in mammalian conversion of dietary folic acid to tetrahydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). In bacteria, dihydrofolic acid is generated from 7,8-dihydropteroate by dihydrofolate synthetase.

7-Hydroxymethotrexate is a phase I metabolite of MTX, which is converted by hepatic aldehyde oxidases. Elimination of 7-hydroxy MTX is associated with the multi-drug transporters Abcc2, Abcc3, and Abcg2 in transgenic mouse models. It and the parent compound rapidly accumulate when all three transporters are absent.2 Formulations containing methotrexate have been used in the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, ectopic pregnancy, and for the induction of medical abortions. Various methods have been described to quantify 7-hydroxy MTX levels during cancer therapy to avoid toxicity.

Folcysteine is a cysteine derivative with potential antitumor agent, a vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.

Methotrexate 1-methyl ester is an impurity of Methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist. Used as a antineoplastic and antirheumatic.

Methotrexate 5-methyl ester is an impurity of Methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist. Used as a antineoplastic and antirheumatic.

L-Saccharopine is a product of breakdown of essential amino acid Lysine. Saccharopine is also part of the α-aminoadipate pathway of fungal lysine biosynthesis.

N-Benzoyl-L-glutamic acid is an amino acid.

Glutamyl-glutamic acid is an α-amino acid.

Aceglutamide is a psychostimulant, nootropic, and antiulcer agent that is marketed in Spain and Japan. It is an acetylated form of the amino acid L-glutamine, the precursor of glutamate in the body and brain. Aceglutamide functions as a prodrug to glutamine with improved potency and stability. Aceglutamide is used as a psychostimulant and nootropic, while aceglutamide aluminum is used in the treatment of ulcers. Aceglutamide can also be used as a liquid-stable source of glutamine to prevent damage from protein energy malnutrition. The drug has shown neuroprotective effects in an animal model of cerebral ischemia.

Phenylacetylglutamine is used as biomarker for metabolic age.

Alanylglutamine is used in cell culture as alternative delivery forms of stabilized L-glutamine. The primary advantage of using L-alanylglutamine in place of L-glutamine is that it reduces the level of ammonia generated during cell culture.

n-Hexyl acetate is an ester. It is mainly used as a solvent for resins, polymers, fats and oils. It is also used as a paint additive to improve its dispersion on a surface. n-Hexyl acetate is also used as a flavoring because of its fruity odor, and it is naturally present in many fruits (such as apples and plums) as well as alcoholic beverages.

Diglycyl-histidine is a tripeptide complexed with cupric ion designed to mimic specific Cu(II) transport site of ascorbate on albumin molecule; glycylglycylhistamine is An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of histidine.

Pyroglutamylhistidine is a dipeptide.

Homoarginine is an amino acid.

S-Adenosylhomocysteine is an amino acid derivative used in several metabolic pathways in most organisms. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of cysteine and adenosine.

O-Succinylhomoserine is an intermediate in the formation of cystathionine, and consequently of methionine by E. coli.

Hyprolose is a derivative of cellulose with both water solubility and organic solubility. It is used as an excipient, and topical ophthalmic protectant and lubricant.

Hyoscyamine hydrobromide is an anticholinergic.

Levadopa Related Compound A is the 6-hydroxy derivative of the amino acid L-DOPA with neurotoxic properties. Studies show that exogenously administered 6-Hydroxy-L-DOPA is biotransformed by amino acid decarboxylase to the highly potent and catecholamine-selective neurotoxin, 6-Hydroxydopamine. The treatment of 6-Hydroxy-L-DOPA in rats resulted in the stimulation of acetylcholinesterase.

Iditol is a rare sugar alcohol (polyol).

(-)-Isopinocampheol is a monoterpene and a component of several plant essential oils, showed dual viricidal activity against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1).

Prolylisoleucine is a derivative of isoleucine, an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

Isoproterenol tartrate, (-)- is a β-Adrenoceptor agonist; increases cytosolic cAMP.

L-Isoleucine ethyl ester HCl is a bioactive chemical.

L-Kynurenine is a key intermediate in the breakdown of L-tryptophan and the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) via the kynurenine pathway. It is involved in a variety of neurological processes and diseases. L-Kynurenine is a substrate for kynureninase/kynurenine hydrolase; kynurenine 3-monooxygenase and kynurenine-oxoglutarate transaminase.

Leucyl-leucyl-tyrosine is a bioactive chemical.

N-Benzyloxycarbonylserylleucinamide is a bioactive chemical.

ICI 216140 is a GRP/bombesin receptor 2 antagonist (IC50 = 2 nM in vitro). At 2 mg/kg, it can reduce bombesin-stimulated pancreatic amylase secretion in rats. At 1 mM, it has been shown to attenuate bombesin-stimulated increases in blood pressure in rats. Bombesin is a peptide, originally isolated from the skin of the European fire-bellied toad, with pressor and sympathoexcitatory activity. Its three receptors are distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous system and are involved in gastric acid secretion, emotional response, temperature control, learning, and memory. Neuromedin B and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) are mammalian homologs of bombesin.

gamma-Methylleucine is an auxiliary for copper-catalyzed asymmetric Michael reactions.

Ethyl L-leucinate HCl has been used as a hypertrophic agent to monitor its effects on myotubes. It has also been used as a component of PMG media for culturing yeast.

Methyl leucylleucinate HCl is a lysosomal condensation product that has been reported to be cytotoxic towards natural killer cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes without affecting helper T cells and B cells.1,2 It has also been shown to induce death of monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and myeloid tumor cells.2 Upon entry into cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis, LLME undergoes a condensation process catalyzed by dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) in lysosomes. This condensation leads to lysosomal rupture and DNA fragmentation in DPPI-expressing immune cells such as cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells.2

Dansylleucine is a bioactive chemical.

Diprotin B is an inhibitor for dipeptidyl peptidase IV.

Antiflammin P2 is a nonapeptide fragment of lipocortin I. Antiflammin P2 has no phospholipase A2 inhibitory & anti-inflammatory activity.

Phenylalanylleucine is a bioactive chemical.

L-Leucine-p-nitroanilide is a substrate for the colorimetric determination of leucine aminopeptidase.

L-Linalool is the key volatile compound of jasmine tea, spruce essential oil and young leaves of Litchi chinensis Sonn.

l-Limonene is a monoterpenoid compound,and is mostly used in perfumery and in flavoring. On irradiation, it undergoes radiolysis, which leads to a reduction in the optical purity. l-Limonene also shows potent antimicrobial activity.

Pralmorelin (free base) stimulates growth hormone secretion.

Lypressin is the porcine antidiuretic hormone (vasopressins). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from arg-vasopressin by one amino acid, containing a lysine at residue 8 instead of an arginine. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat diabetes insipidus or to improve vasomotor tone and blood pressure.

Aspirin DL-lysine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) that may inhibit cancer growth. Aspirin DL-lysine is a water soluble, injectable aspirin derivative. It is an analgesic; antipyretic; anti-inflammatory.

Galactosylhydroxylysine residues present in bone type I collagen are terminal degradation products of the bone matrix that are released during bone resorption and excreted in the urine. 5-(galactosylhydroxy)-L-Lysine levels are elevated in patients with metabolic bone loss and thus may serve as a biochemical marker of bone collagen quality.

Lysyllysyllysine is a cationic moietie that may be used in the construction of gene delivery vectors and DNA nanoparticles.

Syntide-2 is a synthetic peptide recognized as a substrate by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII; Km = 12 μM).1 Its sequence is derived from the phosphorylation site 2 on glycogen synthase, a target of CaMKII action.1 This peptide has been used as a probe to assay CaMKII activity; however, protein kinase C, CaMKV, Raf-1, and other kinases are also known to recognize syntide-2 as a substrate.

Homocitrulline is an analogue of L-Citrulline, and is an amino acid that occurs in milk products.

F-Chemotactic peptide is a potent chemoattractant for human neutrophils.

Biotinoyl tripeptide-1 can have positive effects on hair follicles by promoting scalp micro-circulation and reducing follicle atrophy and aging.

Tetralysine is a cationic moietie that may be used in the construction of gene delivery vectors and DNA nanoparticles.

Pentalysine is a peptide.

Biocytin is an adduct of lysine and biotin. It is hydrolyzed by biotinidase, which acts on peptide-incorporated biotin or free biotin. Biocytin acts as a coenzyme. Biocytin is used as a substrate to study the specificity and kinetics of biotinidase(s), to measure biotinidase deficiency and as a model compound to study various uptake mechanisms of cells and tissues. Biocytin has been used to label neurons, medium spiny neurons and optic nerves.

Dansyllysine is used to study binding conformations of drugs to human serum albumin and is used as a template molecule to form molecularly imprinted monolayers (MIMs) useful to produce optical biosensor recognition elements.

Lysinenorleucine s a Lysine and hydroxylysine derivatives for treatment of malignant and benign tumors.

N-Trifluoroacetyladriamycin is a metabolite of valrubicin. Valrubicin (N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate, trade name Valstar) is a chemotherapy drug used to treat bladder cancer. Valrubicin is a semisynthetic analog of the anthracycline doxorubicin, and is administered by infusion directly into the bladder. It was originally launched as Valstar in the U.S.

Dihydrodaunomycin HCl is a metabolite of Daunorubicin.

Menthol glucuronide is a metabolite of L-(-)-Menthol, the natural form of Methanol.

Neurokinin A is a mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.

Neurokinin K is a mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.

Small cardioactive peptide A is a neuropeptide that modulates neuromuscular synapsis in Aplysia. It also functions as neural cotransmitter in molluscs and exert a role in both the central and peripheral modulation of the control of feeding behavior.

L-Methionylglycine is a dipeptide.

L-Mevalonic acid is a metabolite of the mevalonate pathway, which plays a key role in the biosynthesis of sterols, dolichol, heme and ubiquinone. Of interest for research in the disease areas oncology, autoimmune diseases, artherosclerosis and Alzheimer disease, as well as for inherited deficiencies of mevalonate kinase.

TH-162, also known as (R)?-?PIA and Adenosine, N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-, (R)- is an A1 adenosine receptor agonist. Affinity for adenosine receptor is approx. 100× that of the (+)-isomer.

N(G)-Nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide is an anti-nociceptive agent in the mouse.

546C88 is a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.

Carbobenzoxyphenylalanine is an inhibitor of thermolysin.

N-Formylmethionine is effective in the initiation of protein synthesis. The initiating methionine residue enters the ribosome as N-formylmethionyl tRNA. This process occurs in Escherichia coli and other bacteria as well as in the mitochondria of eucaryotic cells.

Palmitoyl-L-aspartic acid is a natural N-acylaspartate that inhibits Hedgehog signaling after stimulation with Smoothened agonist or non-sterol-modified Sonic Hedgehog. It does not alter the activity of cannabinoid receptors or fatty acid amide hydrolase.

L-NIL HCl is a relatively selective inhibitor of iNOS. It exhibits IC50 values of 0.4-3.3 μM for iNOS as opposed to 8-38 and 17-92 μM for eNOS and nNOS, respectively. L-NIL effectively inhibits iNOS both in vitro and in vivo.4,5,3 L-NIL has been used to demonstrate a critical role for iNOS in the immune response to infection by the protozoan L. major.

L-NIO HCl is a non-selective inhibitor of all NOS isoforms. The Ki values for nNOS (rat), eNOS (bovine), and iNOS (mouse) are 1.7, 3.9, and 3.9 μM, respectively. L-NIO inhibits endothelial-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine in rat aortic rings and hypotensive responses to acetylcholine and bradykinin.

Canthaxanthin is a trans-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature. The compound is used as an oral suntanning agent and as a food and drug coloring agent. Oral ingestion of the compound causes canthaxanthin retinopathy.

NSC-120011, also known as Tris(benzyloxycarbonyl)arginine, is a bioactive chemical.

Tetragastrin is the C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.

Arginylphenylalaninamide is a fragment of FMRamide; may be used as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator by optic lobe neurons of different types.

Aspartame acesulfame is an artificial sweetener that is 350 times more sweet as sucrose.

Dansylphenylalanine is a typical fluorescent analyte.

Ochratoxin C is a toxic metabolite from Aspergillus orchraceus.

Indoleacetyl phenylalanine is an indole-3-acetyl-amino acid conjugate involved in regulatory mechanisms for the control of auxin activity during physiological and pathophysiological responses.

Neotame is a white colored, dipeptide methyl ester, which is found to be a highly potent and non-nutritive sweetener or flavour enhancer and hence finds applications in variety of foods. It is manufactured from aspartame and 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde in a one-step chemical synthesis process.

Advantame anhydrous is a non-caloric sweetener. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved advantame for general use in foods and beverages except meat and poultry as a food additive. It is synthesized from isovanillin and aspartame.

Alanylphenylalanine may be used in physicochemical studies or to evaluate dipeptide separation technologies. It can also be used for studying cell uptake mechanisms, dipeptide metabolism or cell growth supplementation benefits.

beta-Casomorphin 5 is an opioid receptor agonist, is a member of the β-casomorphin peptide family derived from β-casein. β-casomorphins are used to study their differential effects on processes such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, opioid signalling and immunosuppression.

PPACK is a synthetic peptide derivative that irreversibly and specifically inhibits thrombin-mediated platelet activation by binding with high affinity to the active site of thrombin (Ki = 0.24 nM). It has been used as an anticoagulant (100 μM) and to study thrombin-mediated fibrin deposition, angiogenesis, and proinflammatory processes.

Morphiceptin is a synthetic tetrapeptide with morphinelike activities, highly specific for morphine receptors, but not for enkephalin receptors; is the amide of a fragment of the milk protein beta casein; deproceptin is the D-Pro(4)-isomer.

Captopril disulfide is a metabolite of Captopril. A new antihypertensive agent.

Oleoyl proline is an N-acyl amine that has been detected in bovine brain extracts and D. melanogaster larvae using mass spectrometry. In a preclinical model of pain, mice lacking fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH KO) had decreased N-oleoyl proline levels in lumbar spinal cord after capsaicin administration (1 μg/10 μl).3 N-Oleoyl proline also has surfactant properties (critical micelle concentration = 4.8 μM).

Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.

Hydroxyproline palmitamide is a bioactive chemical.

Fosinoprilat is an active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group.

Lysobactin, also known as katanosin B, is a potent antibiotic with in vivo efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. It was previously shown to inhibit peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis.

Sophoridin is an anticancer agent, with a promising anti-rumor effect and lower toxicity. Anti-inflammatory.

L-Sulforaphane is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in high concentration in a variety of brocolli. Acts as a potent inducer of detoxification enzymes. L-Sulforaphane displays bactericidal activity to both the intracellular and extracellular forms of H. pylori.