| Description: |
AMG319 is a potent and selective PI3Kδ kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 18 nM. |
| In Vivo: |
The study is performed to determine the correlation between biochemical coverage (i.e., pAKT) with functional activity in vivo. AMG319 achieves this coverage at the 3 mg/kg level, which also coveres the human whole blood assay (HWB) (CD-69) IC90 at trough for a full 24 h period. The lower doses 0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg cover trough concentrations between the HWB IC50 and IC90 and evince partial efficacy. Similarly, the plasma concentration of AMG319 covers the IC90 at the 1 mg/kg dose of the mouse anti-IgM pAKT in vitro assay[1]. |
| In Vitro: |
AMG319 inhibits PI3Kδ, PI3Kγ, PI3Kβ and PI3Kα with IC50s of 18 nM, 850 nM, 2.7 μM and 33 μM, respectively. AMG319, a compound with an IC50 of 16 nM in a human whole blood assay (HWB), excellent selectivity over a large panel of protein kinases, and a high level of in vivo efficacy as measured by two rodent disease models of inflammation. AMG319 has minimal CYP3A4/2D6 inhibition and does not inhibit CYPs (1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2E1, all >20 μM). There is no time dependent inhibition (TDI) against CYPs 3A4, 2D6, 1A2, and 2C9 nor CYP induction (3A4, 2D6, 1A2, 2B6) as measured in hepatocytes. AMG319 is clean in a hERG binding assay (>25 μM), and an Ames micronucleus test proved negative. AMG319 has minimal effects in a BSEP assay up to >200 μM. Additionally, AMG319 is clean in a large side effect profiling panel (CEREP) and has no activity in a large panel of 359 unique protein kinases tested at 10 μM drug concentration[1]. |
| Kinase Assay: |
A PI3K Alphascreen assay is used to measure the activity of a panel of four phosphoinositide 3-kinases: PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ, and PI3Kδ. Enzyme reaction buffer is prepared using sterile water and 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7, 14 mM MgCl2, 2 mM sodium cholate, and 100 mM NaCl. 2 mM DTT is added fresh on the day of the experiment. The Alphascreen buffer is made using sterile water and 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.10% Tween 20, and 30 mM EDTA. Then 1 mM DTT is added fresh on the day of the experiment. Compound source plates used for this assay are 384-well Greiner clear polypropylene plates containing test compounds at 5 mM and diluted 1:2 over 22 concentrations. Columns 23 and 24 contained only DMSO, as these wells comprised the positive and negative controls, respectively. Source plates are replicated by transferring 0.5 μL per well into 384-well Optiplates. Each PI3K isoform is diluted in enzyme reaction buffer to 2× working stocks. PI3Kα is diluted to 1.6 nM, PI3Kβ is diluted to 0.8 nM, PI3Kγ is diluted to 15 nM, and PI3Kδ is diluted to 1.6 nM. PI(4,5)P2 is diluted to 10 μM, and ATP is diluted to 20 μM. This 2× stock is used in the assays for PI3Kα and PI3Kβ. For assay of PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ, PI(4,5)P2 is diluted to 10 μM and ATP is diluted to 8 μM to prepare a similar 2× working stock. Alphascreen reaction solutions are made using beads from the anti-GST Alphascreen kit. Two 4× working stocks of the Alphascreen reagents are made in Alphascreen reaction buffer. In one stock, biotinylated-IP4 is diluted to 40 nM and streptavadin-donor beads are diluted to 80 μg/mL. In the second stock, PIP3-binding protein is diluted to 40 nM and anti-GST-acceptor beads are diluted to 80 μg/mL. The plates are incubated at room temperature for 30 min. Still in the dark, 10 μL/well of the acceptor bead solution is added to columns 1-24 of the plates. The plates are then incubated in the dark for 1.5 h. The plates are read on an Envision multimode plate reader using a 680 nm excitation filter and a 520-620 nm emission filter[1]. |
| Cell Assay: |
B cells are purified from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by negative selection. Approximately 3×104 purified B cells per well are seeded into a 96-well plate. Compounds (e.g., AMG319) are dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 10 mM, and a 10-point, 3-fold serial dilution of the compound is carried out in DMSO. Then 0.5 μL of compound is added to each well in duplicates so that the final DMSO concentration is 0.25% and the highest compound concentration is 10 μM. After preincubating for 30 min, B cells are treated with 2 μg/mL of anti-human IgM antibody plus 300 ng/mL human CD40L or 5 ng/mL human IL-4 plus 200 ng/mL of CD40L as a counterscreen to evaluate the off-target effects. The plates are incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 72 h, then pulsed with 0.5 μCi per well 3H thymidine for 18 h, and B cells are collected to count the incorporation of 3H thymidine[1]. |
| Animal Administration: |
B cells are purified from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by negative selection. Approximately 3×104 purified B cells per well are seeded into a 96-well plate. Compounds (e.g., AMG319) are dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 10 mM, and a 10-point, 3-fold serial dilution of the compound is carried out in DMSO. Then 0.5 μL of compound is added to each well in duplicates so that the final DMSO concentration is 0.25% and the highest compound concentration is 10 μM. After preincubating for 30 min, B cells are treated with 2 μg/mL of anti-human IgM antibody plus 300 ng/mL human CD40L or 5 ng/mL human IL-4 plus 200 ng/mL of CD40L as a counterscreen to evaluate the off-target effects. The plates are incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 72 h, then pulsed with 0.5 μCi per well 3H thymidine for 18 h, and B cells are collected to count the incorporation of 3H thymidine[1]. |
| References: |
[1]. Cushing TD, et al. Discovery and in vivo evaluation of (S)-N-(1-(7-fluoro-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-3-yl)ethyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (AMG319) and related PI3Kδ inhibitors for inflammation and autoimmune disease. J Med Chem. 2015 Jan 8;58(1):480-511. |
