TMRM Perchlorate |CAS 115532-50-8|DC Chemicals

Cas No.:	115532-50-8
Chemical Name:	Tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate
Synonyms:	TETRAMETHYLRHODAMINE METHYL ESTER PERCHLORATE;3,6-Bis(dimethylamino)-9-(2-(methoxycarbonyl)-phenyl)xanthylium percHlorate;TETRAMETHYLRHODAMINE, METHYL ESTER, PERCHLORATE (TMRM);TMRM;TMRM [Tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester, perchlorate];[6-(dimethylamino)-9-(2-methoxycarbonylphenyl)xanthen-3-ylidene]-dimethylazanium,perchlorate;N-[6-(Dimethylamino)-9-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-methylmethanaminium Perchlorate;TMRM Perchlorate;3,6-bis(dimethylamino)-9-(2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)xanthylium perchlorate;Xanthylium, 3,6-bis(dimethylamino)-9-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-, perchlorate (1:1);RB3089;AM62668;AK151314;Tetramethylrhod;Tetramethylrhodamine meth
SMILES:	Cl(=O)(=O)(=O)[O-].O1C2C([H])=C(C([H])=C([H])C=2C(C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C2C(=O)OC([H])([H])[H])=C2C([H])=C([H])/C(/C([H])=C12)=[N+](/C([H])([H])[H])\C([H])([H])[H])N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H]
Formula:	C₂₅H₂₅ClN₂O₇
M.Wt:	500.9282
Purity:	>98%
Sotrage:	2 years -20°C Powder, 2 weeks 4°C in DMSO, 6 months -80°C in DMSO

Description:	TMRM Perchlorate is a cell-permeant cationic lipophilic red fluorescent dye (λex=530 nm, λem=592 nm).
In Vitro:	TMRM Perchlorate is a fluorescent probe (excitation, 530±21 nm; emission, 592±22 nm). The fluorescence signal in the presence of TMRM Perchlorate shows a slight decrease after the addition of glutamate, indicative of increased polarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane. In the presence of TMRM Perchlorate (2 μM) the coupled respiration with Complex I substrates or upon the addition of Complex II substrate is decreased by 27%[1]. Exposure of hippocampal cultures to low concentrations of TMRM Perchlorate (50 to 500 nM) for 1 to 3 hours results in selective staining of mitochondria in both neurons and the underlying glial cells. Exposure of hippocampal cultures to high concentrations of TMRM Perchlorate (1 to 25 µM) stains mitochondria selectively and quickly, reaching a plateau after 5 to 10 min. Low concentrations of TMRM Perchlorate (50 to 200 nM) do not induce apoptosis, whereas higher concentrations (0.5 and 2.5 µM) enhance apoptosis (KD = 500 nM)[2].
Cell Assay:	Cultures are exposed to Millipore-filtered solutions (0.22 µm) containing TMRM Perchlorate for 1 hr at 37°C (except the experiment involving different durations of exposure to TMRM Perchlorate). After treatment, solutions are removed and growth media reapplied under sterile conditions, and cultures are post-incubated for 18 hours at 37°C (except for the experiment involving analysis at different time points after exposure). Cells are then stained with 2 mg/mL bisbenzimide for 20 min at room temperature. Coverslips are subsequently washed in saline and imaged using 2P microscopy. Apoptotic cells are identified as brightly fluorescent nuclei under UV excitation indicating DNA fragmentation. Cell survivability is calculated as the percentage of live, unstained cells (±SD) in five microscopic fields per treatment[1].
References:	[1]. Chowdhury SR, et al. Simultaneous evaluation of substrate-dependent oxygen consumption rates and mitochondrial membrane potential by TMRM and safranin in cortical mitochondria. Biosci Rep. 2015 Dec 8;36(1):e00286. [2]. Monteith A, et al. Imaging of mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial responses in cultured rat hippocampal neurons exposed to micromolar concentrations of TMRM. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58059.

MSDS

Cat. No.	Product name	Field of application
DC12145	DLinDMA	DLinDMA is a key lipid component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles as a benchmark.
DC40169	DMG-PEG2000(C14-PEG2000)	DMG-PEG 2000 is used for the preparation of liposome for siRNA delivery with improved transfection efficiency in vitro. DMG-PEG 2000 is also used for the lipid nanoparticle for an oral plasmid DNA delivery approach in vivo through a facile surface modific
DC45611	DMPC	1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) is a synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes. 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is used for the study of lipid monolayers and bilayers.
DC70000	Lysyllysyllysine	Lysyllysyllysine is a cationic moietie that may be used in the construction of gene delivery vectors and DNA nanoparticles.
DC33580	DODMA	DODMA, also known as MBN 305A is a a cationic lipid containing the unsaturated long-chain (18:1) oleic acid inserted at both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. It has been used in the composition of lipospomes formulated as stable nucleic acid lipid particles that can encapsulate siRNA or other small molecules to be used for drug delivery
DC33635	DODAP	DODAP, also known as 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-dimethylammonium-propane, is a cationic lipid. It has been used as a component in liposomes that can be used to encapsulate siRNA, immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides, antisense oligonucleotides, or chemotherapeutic agents for in vitro and in vivo delivery.
DC59010	C14-4 (C14-494,Lipid B-4,Lipid B4)	C14-4 (C14-494,Lipid B-4,Lipid B4) is a novel ionizable lipid with the highest T-cell transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity.The C14-4 ionizable lipid has been explored for CAR-T therapy.To screen the excellent formulations for mRNA delivery, a lipid library of 24 ionizable lipids was constructed to make iLNPs, which were used to deliver luciferase mRNA into Jurkat cells.[115] The optimal iLNPs formulation was C14-4 iLNPs (C14-4 ionizable lipid, DOPE, chol, and PEG at a molar ratio of 35%, 16%, 46.5%, and 2.5%) (Figure 6c). The optimal dose of luciferase mRNA for C14-4 iLNPs was 30 ng. Compared with electroporated CAR T cells, the CAR T cells engineered via C14-4 iLNPs showed potent cancer-killing activity when they were cocultured with Nalm-6 acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. To obtain a safer and more effective CAR mRNA delivery vehicle, the orthogonal design provided 256 potential formulations, and 16 representative iLNPs formulations were evaluated.Through evaluating the safety, delivery efficiency, and transfection efficiency of 16 iLNPs, the formulation B10 (C14-4 ionizable lipid, DOPE, chol, PEG at a molar ratio of 40%, 30%, 25%, and 2.5%) was screened out as the optimal performing formulation. The luciferase expression based on B10 formulation was increased threefold than the initial formulation. Reducing the accumulation and clearance of iLNPs in the liver can increase the expression of CAR mRNA in T cells, further improving the therapeutic effect of CAR-T. Studies have shown that cholesterol analogs can alter the mechanisms of intracellular circulation and enhance the delivery of mRNA, which may be related to the reduced recognition of iLNPs by the Niemann Pick C1 (NPC1) enzyme.The addition of a hydroxyl group to various locations in the cholesterol molecule can alter the binding kinetics between the modified cholesterol and NPC1, and reduced NPC1 recognition of cholesterol. The results showed that replacement of 25% and 50% 7 α-hydroxycholesterol for cholesterol in iLNPs improved mRNA delivery to primary human T cells in vitro by 1.8-fold and twofold, respectively.C14-4 is one of the ionizable lipids to efficiently deliver mRNA to Jurkat cells or primary human T cells. It will effectively promote the development of mRNA delivery by iLNPs for CAR-T therapy.
DC33636	DOTAP	DOTAP, also known as 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane, is a cationic liposome-forming compound used for transfection of DNA, RNA, and other negatively charged molecules into eukaryotic cells. It has been used in gene delivery vectors for gene ther
DC58047	DSPE-PEG 2000	PEG2000-DSPE is used for creating micelles that are able to carry drugs with low solubility.
DC31000	LP-01	LP-01 is an ionizable cationic amino lipid (pKa = ~6.1). It has been used in the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). LNPs containing LP-01 and encapsulating both Cas9 mRNA and modified single-guide RNA (sgRNA) for the transport protein transthyretin (Ttr) induce gene editing in liver cells in mice in a dose-dependent manner resulting in reduced serum Ttr levels for at least 12 months.