ATL-801, an A2B receptor selective antagonist, ameliorates murine colitis.

CP 93129 dihydrochloride is a potent 5HT1B receptor agonist. CP 93129 dihydrochloride has the potential for parkinson's disease research.

DS-3801b is a potent and non-macrolide agonist of GPR38. DS-3801b is expected to be novel gastrointestinal prokinetic agents for the research of functional gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroparesis and chronic constipation.

GP1a is a potent agonist of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2). Gp1a is beneficial to skin wound healing. GP1a inhibits inflammation and fibrogenesis while promoting re-epithelialization.

Indoramin is an orally active antihypertensive agent. Indoramin is also selective for the α1A-adrenoceptor.

L-817818 is a potent and subtype-selective agonist of the somatostatin receptor. L-817818 provides a direct approach to defining somatostatin receptor physiological functions

MAP4 is a selective group III mGluR antagonist in some electrophysiological systems.

ML 10302 is a potent agonist 5-HT4 receptor with Ki of 1.07 nM. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT4) receptor agonists stimulate gut motility through cholinergic pathways. ML10302 induces significant prokinesia both in the small bowel and colon through activation of cholinergic pathways. ML 10302 also has the potential for the research of neurology diseases.

S 25585 is a potent and selective neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor antagonist. S 25585 reduces food intake but not through blockade of the NPY Y5 receptor.

SM-2470 is a potent α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, has sympathetic nerve activity in anesthetized rats. SM-2470 is an antihypertensive agent. SM-2470 exhibits hypocholesterolaemic effect by the inhibition of cholesterol absorption related to the reduction of cholesterol solubilization.

Thromboxane B1 (TXB1) is one of thromboxane B (TXB) family members. Thromboxane is a member of the family of lipids known as eicosanoids. Thromboxane is named for its role in blood clot formation (thrombosis).

UCM707, a potent and selective inhibitor of endocannabinoid uptake, potentiates hypokinetic and antinociceptive effects of Anandamide.

Sigma-LIGAND-1 hydrochloride is a selective sigma receptor ligand with an IC50s of 16 nM, 19 nM at the DTG site and the PPP site, respectively. Sigma-LIGAND-1 hydrochloride has a Ki of 4000 nM at the dopamine D2 receptor.

SR2640 (hydrochloride) is a potent and selective competitive leukotriene D4/leukotriene E4 antagonist. SR2640 can be used for researching the role of leukotrienes in human asthma.

Sulfinalol is an orally active β-adrenoceptor antagonist with direct vasodilator activity.

Trimazosin is an orally active, quinazoline derivative which is structurally related to prazosin. Trimazosin shows hypotensive effect by selectively block α1-adrenoceptors.

Lerisetron is a potent 5-HT3 antagonists and possess high-affinity binding for the 5-HT3 receptors with pKi value of 9.2. Lerisetron has a potent ability to inhibit the 5-HT-evoked reflex bradycardia in urethane-anesthetized rats.

ABP688 is a high affinity human mGluR5 antagonist with anKi of 1.7 nM. Radioisotope-labeled ABP688 can be used as a PET tracer for clinical imaging of the mGlu5 receptor.

DCB (3,3′-dichlorobenzaldazine) is an neutral allosteric modulator of themetabotropic glutamate receptor metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) . DCB blocks the positive allosteric regulation of mGluRs (mGluR5) with the help of 3,3′-difluorobenzaldazine (DFB). DCB shows the negative modulatory effect of 3,3′-dimethoxybenzaldazine (DMeOB).

Sabcomeline (SB-202026) is a potent and functionally selective muscarinic M1 receptor partial agonist that improve cognition. Sabcomeline can be used for Alzheimer's disease research.

SC-51089 is a selective antagonist of EP1 receptor with analgesic activity in vivo.

hA2A/hCA XII modulator 1 (compound 14), a triazolopirazine, is a potent hA2A adenosine receptor (hA2AAR) antagonist with Kis of 6.4 nM, 4.819 μM, >30 μM for hA2AAR, hA1AR, hA3AR, respectively. hA2A/hCA XII modulator 1 is a potent human carbonic anhydrase XII (hCA XII) inhibitor with Kis of 6.2 nM, 46 nM, 466 nM, 8.351 μM for hCA XII, hCA II, hCA IX and hCA I, respectively. hA2A/hCA XII modulator 1 has the potential for cancer research.

LY-272015 hydrochloride is an orally active, specific 5-HT2B receptor antagonist. LY-272015 hydrochloride completely inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK2 induced by 5-HT or BW723C86. LY-272015 hydrochloride is antihypertensive in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate (DOCA)-salt-hypertensive rats.

(E)-8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine is a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. (E)-8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine inhibits monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) with a Ki value of 70 nM by a pathway that is independent of its actions on the A2A receptor. (E)-8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine has the potential for Parkinson's disease research.

A-841720 is a potent, non-competitive and selective mGlu1 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 10 nM for human mGlu1 receptor. A-841720 displays 34-fold selectivity over mGlu5 (IC50 of 342 nM), and no significant activity at a range of other neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and transporters. A-841720 has the potential for chronic pain research.

ANR-94 is a potent and selective adenosine A2A receptor (AA2AR) antagonist with an Ki of 46 nM for hAA2AR. ANR 94 has the potential for the research of Parkinson's disease.

Bunazosin is a potent and selective α1-adrenoceptor antagonist. Bunazosin can be used for antihypertensive and ocular hypotensive research.

CJ033466 is a novel and selective 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist with an EC50 of 9 nM and has gastroprokinetic effect.

LP 12 hydrochloride (compound 21) is a potent and selective 5-HT7 receptor agonist with a Ki of 0.13 nM. LP 12 hydrochloride displays selectivity for 5-HT7 over D2, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors (Ki values are 224 nM, 60.9 nM and >1000 nM, respectively).

MM 77 dihydrochloride is a potent postsynaptic antagonist of the 5-HT1A receptor. MM 77 dihydrochloride exhibits anxiolytic-like activity.

Penehyclidine (Penequinine) hydrochloride, a anticholinergic drug, is a selective antagonist of M1 and M3 receptors. Penehyclidine hydrochloride activates NF-kβ in lung tissue and inhibits the release of inflammatory factors. Penehyclidine hydrochloride can alleviate the pulmonary inflammatory response in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing mechanical ventilation.

Ursodeoxycholic acid-13C is the 13C labeled Ursodeoxycholic acid. Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodeoxycholate) is a secondary bile acid issued from the transformation of (cheno)deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria, acting as a key regulator of the intestinal barrier integrity and essential for lipid metabolism. Ursodeoxycholic acid acts as signaling molecule, exerting its effects by interacting with bile acid activated receptors, including G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5, GPCR19) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Ursodeoxycholic acid can be used for the research of a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Orally active.

O-Phospho-L-serine-13C3,15N (L-Serine O-phosphate-13C3,15N) is the 13C- and 15N-labeled O-Phospho-L-serine. O-Phospho-L-serine is the immediate precursor to L-serine in the serine synthesis pathway, and an agonist at the group III mGluR receptors (mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, and mGluR8); O-Phospho-L-serine also acts as a weak antagonist for mGluR1 and a potent antagonist for mGluR2[1].

LY393558 is a potent and orally active inhibitor of the 5-HT transporter and an antagonist of 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors. LY393558 increase the extracellular levels of 5-HT in mice model frontal cortex. LY393558 can be used for researching depression.

WAY-181187 (SAX-187) oxalate is a potent and selective full 5-HT6 receptor agonist with a Ki of 2.2 nM and an EC50 of 6.6 nM. WAY-181187 oxalate mediates 5-HT6 receptor-dependent signal pathways, such as cAMP, Fyn and ERK1/2 kinase, as specific agonist.

F 14679 is a prototypical 5-HT1A agonist with a pKi of 10.23. F 14679 induces large Ca2+ responses.

UCSF648 (Compound 5A6-48) is a chemical probe for the 5-HT5A serotonin receptor. UCSF648 weakly activates ADRA2A and MTNR1A.

Xanthine amine congener (XAC) hydrochloride is a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist. Xanthine amine congener hydrochloride induces convulsions in mice.

Reproterol is a dual acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist and PDE inhibitor. The theophylline constituent of Reproterol inhibits phosphodiesterase activity induced by adenylyl cyclase. Reproterol has the potential for asthma research.

Prenalterol is a selective β1-adrenergic receptor agonist. Prenalterol has no effect on gut smooth muscle contractile activity. Prenalterol can be used for researching cardiovascular disease.

PGN36 (Compound 18) is a selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2R) antagonist with a Ki of 0.09 µM.

CB2R probe 1 is a safe and green CB2R (cannabinoid 2 receptor) fluorescent probe with an Ki of 130 nM. CB2R probe 1 shows low cytotoxicity in cancer cells.

Auriculasin is a nature product isolated from Limonium leptophyllum. Auriculasin has activity toward cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) with an IC50 value of 8.92 µM.

KM-233 is a classical cannabinoid with good blood brain barrier penetration. KM-233 possesses a selective affinity for the CB2 receptors relative to THC. KM-233 is effective at reducing U87 glioma tumor burden, and can be used for glioma research.

(R)-SLV 319 is a potent and selective cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist with a Ki value of 894 nM. (R)-SLV 319 is a dextrorotatory counterpart of SLV 319

ROS 234 is a potent H3 antagonist, with a pKB of 9.46 for Guinea-pig ileum H3-receptor, a pKi of 8.90 for Rat cerebral cortex H3-receptor, and a ED50 of 19.12 mg/kg (ip) in ex vivo of Rat cerebral cortex. ROS 234 diaplays poor central access.

Cetirizine Impurity C dihydrochloride is an impurity of Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist[1][2].

Tecastemizole (Norastemizole), a major metabolite of Astemizole, is a potent and selective H1 receptor antagonist. Tecastemizole shows anti-inflammatory activities.

Chamazulene, a natural compound, is an antioxidant-type inhibitor of leukotriene B4 formation.

Terodiline is an M1-selective muscarinic receptor (mAChR) antagonist with Kbs of 15, 160, 280, and 198 nM in rabbit vas deferens (M1), atria (M2), bladder (M3) and ileal muscle (M3), respectively. Terodiline also is a Ca2+ blocker. Terodiline acts as a treatment for urinary frequency and urge incontinence.

M1 ligand 1 (compound 3b-b) is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 ligand. M1 ligand 1 is a N-desmethyl congener of arecoline derivative. M1 ligand 1 can be used as PET (positron emission tomography) radiotracer.

Propiverine is a potent antimuscarinic agent. Propiverine inhibits cellular calcium influx, thereby diminishing muscle spasm. Propiverine has neurotropic and musculotropic effects on the urinary bladder smooth muscle. Propiverine can used for overactive bladder (OAB) research.

MFZ 10-7 is a potent mGluR5 antagonist. Intraperitoneal administration of MFZ 10-7 inhibits intravenous cocaine self-administration, cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior and cocaine-associated cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior in rats..

VU 0360223 is a potent metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) negative allosteric modulator with an IC50 of 61 nM.

VU0469650 is a potent, selective and CNS-penetrated negative allosteric modulator of mGlu1 receptor, with an IC50 of 99 nM.

MPPG is a potent and selective L-AP4-sensitive receptor antagonist with an kD value of 9.2 μM, being tested on the neonatal rat spinal cord.

MTPG is a potent mGluR2 and mGluR3 antagonist. MTPG can block the induction of brain ischemic tolerance induced by cerebral ischemic preconditioning. MTPG also significantly attenuates the inhibitory effect of L-CCG-1 on the KCl-evoked dopamine release.

(RS)-APICA is a selective group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR II) antagonist. (RS)-APICA shows potential neuroprotective effect.

L-760735 is a high affinity, selective and orally active NK1 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 0.19 nM for human NK1 receptors. L-760735 exhibits anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects.

BW373U86 (SNC86) is a δ-opioid receptor agonist with an IC50 of 1.49 nM. BW373U86 shows antidepressant-like effects.

SNC162 is a delta-opioid receptor agonist with an IC50 of 0.94 nM. SNC162 has antidepressant-like effects and produces a selective enhancement of the antinociceptive effects of fentanyl in rhesus monkeys.

NF340 is a potent and selective P2Y11 receptor antagonist. NF340 inhibits the activity of P2Y11R by completely combining with ATP-binding amino acid residues. NF340 ameliorates inflammation in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes and can be used for rheumatoid arthritis research.

PSB 0474 (3-phenacyl-UDP) is a selective and potent P2Y6 receptor agonist with an EC50 of 70 nM. PSB 0474 inhibits cell proliferation, increases NO release in astrocytes and microglia cells. PSB 0474 induces astrocytes apoptosis.

SC-19220 is a competitive prostaglandinn E2 receptor antagonist. SC-19220 increases the bladder capacity and reduced the voiding efficiency of micturition (elicited by slow transvesical filling) of urethane-anesthetized rats. SC-19220 can restores the balance in bone marrow granulocyte and monocyte production after burn sepsis.

Picotamide is a combined inhibitor of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthase and receptor. Picotamide has antiplatelet activity. Picotamide promotes the reduction of microalbuminuria and the inhibition of growth of carotid plaques in diabetes. Picotamide can be used for researching acute or chronic cardiovascular diseases.

TC-SP 14 (compound 14) is an orally active and potent S1P1 agonist (EC50 = 0.042 μM) with minimal activity at S1P3 (EC50 = 3.47 μM). TC-SP 14 significantly reduces blood lymphocyte counts and attenuates a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to antigen challenge.

CYM50179 (compound 22n) is a potent and selective S1P4-R (Sphingosine-1-phosphate4 receptor) agonist with an EC50 of 46 nM.

IMMH001, also called SYL930, is an orally active, potent and selective S1P1 (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1) agonist. IMMH001 decreased levels of both chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-5, IL-18, IP10, CCL3, and CCL5. IMMH001 can be used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) research.

S-14506 hydrochloride is a potent 5-HT1A agonist. S-14506 hydrochloride displays dopamine antagonist properties by blocking dopamine D2 receptors. S-14506 hydrochloride inhibits the in vivo binding of [3H]raclopride in striatum and olfactory bulbs. S-14506 hydrochloride has the potential for the research of anxiolytic agent.

Cisapride monohydrate is an orally and potent 5-HT4 receptor agonist and hERG inhibitor. Cisapride monohydrate is an prokinetic agent which facilitates or restores motility throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract. Cisapride monohydrate stimulates gastrointestinal motor activity through an indirect mechanism involving the release of acetylcholine mediated by postganglionic nerve endings in the myenteric plexus of the gut.

Dehydroaripiprazole-d8 is deuterium labeled Dehydroaripiprazole. Dehydroaripiprazole (OPC-14857) is an active metabolite of Aripiprazole. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic agent and is metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 forming mainly Dehydroaripiprazole. Dehydroaripiprazole has with antipsychotic activity equivalent to Aripiprazole.

Blonanserin dihydrochloride is a potent and orally active 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, with Ki values of 0.812 and 0.142 nM, respectively. Blonanserin dihydrochloride is usually acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent, and can be used for the research of extrapyramidal symptoms, excessive sedation, or hypotension.

Ziprasidone (CP-88059) mesylate trihydrate, an orally active antipsychotic agent, is a combined 5-HT and dopamine receptor antagonist. Ziprasidone mesylate trihydrate has affinities for Rat D2 (Ki=4.8 nM), 5-HT2A (Ki=0.42 nM) and 5-HT1A (Ki=3.4 nM).

Ziprasidone (CP-88059) mesylate, an orally active antipsychotic agent, is a combined 5-HT and dopamine receptor antagonist. Ziprasidone mesylate has affinities for Rat D2 (Ki=4.8 nM), 5-HT2A (Ki=0.42 nM) and 5-HT1A (Ki=3.4 nM).

Ansofaxine hydrochloride (LY03005, LPM570065), a triple reuptake inhibitor, inhibits serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake with IC50 values of 723, 491 and 763 nM, respectively.

Tasipimidine sulfate is an orally active and selective α2A-adrenoceptor agonist with a pEC50 of 7.57 against human α2A-adrenoceptor. Tasipimidine sulfate can be used for situational anxiety and fear research.

Dipivefrin is a potent adrenergic agonist. Dipivefrin is an adrenergic pro-drug. Dipivefrin can be used for reduce IOP (intraocular pressure) in patients suffering from chronic open angle glaucoma.

OxyMetazoline is an α-adrenoceptor agonist with IC50s of 0.02 μM, 0.25 μM, 0.58 μM and 0.13 μM for α1A, α1B, α2A and α2C. OxyMetazoline can be used for researching nasal mucosa decongesting.

Levobetaxolol is a potent and high affinity β-adrenergic antagonist with IC50 values of 33.2, 2970, 709 nM for guinea pig atrial β1, tracheal β2 and rat colonic β3 receptors, respectively. Levobetaxolol reduces IOP (intraocular pressure). Levobetaxolol exhibits a micromolar affinity for L-type Ca21-channels. Levobetaxolol decreases the effects of ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Levobetaxolol has the potential for the research of glaucoma.

Benoxathian hydrochloride is a potent α1 adrenoceptor antagonist, can be used for researching anorexia.

Apraclonidine (ALO 2145 (free base)), a selective α2 and weak α1 receptor agonist activity, effectively low intraocular pressure (IOP) in human eyes. Apraclonidine hydrochloride is a topical ophthalmic solution.

Fulimetibant is a bradykinin receptor antagonist.

AM8936 acts as a balanced and potent cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) agonist in functional assays (EC50s of 8.6 and 1.4 nM for rCB1 and hCB1, respectively). AM8936 exhibits high affinity for rat CB1 (rCB1) with Ki of 0.55 nM. AM8936 is a potent and efficacious CB1 agonist in vivo. AM8936 can be used for the research of CNS and metabolic disorders, pain, glaucoma, etc.

UNC9994 hydrochloride is a functionally selective, β-arrestin–biased dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonist that selectively activates β-arrestin recruitment and signaling. UNC9994 hydrochloride shows a binding affinity with a Ki of 79 nM for D2R. UNC9994 hydrochloride is also an antagonist of Gi-regulated cAMP production and partial agonist for D2R/β-arrestin-2 interactions. UNC9994 hydrochloride shows antipsychotic-like activity.

Ambrisentan (BSF 208075) sodium is a selective and orally active ET type A receptor (ETAR) antagonist.

Dexchlorpheniramine is an potent and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant histamine 1 (H1) receptor antagonist with anticholinergic properties. Dexchlorpheniramine can be used for researching allergies.

Izuforant (JW1601) (Compound 24) is an orally active histamine H4 receptor (H4R) antagonist with an IC50 of 36 nM against human H4R. Izuforant also shows binding affinity of human serotonin 3 receptor (h5-HT3R) with an IC50 of 9.1 μM. Izuforant exhibits strong anti-pruritic and anti-inflammatory efficacies.

Cimetidine (SKF-92334) hydrochloride is an orally active and inverse histamine H2 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.6 μM. Cimetidine hydrochloride is a gastric acid reducer, and can be used for duodenal and gastric ulcers research. Cimetidine hydrochloride has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity.

Penehyclidine, a anticholinergic agent, is a selective antagonist of M1 and M3 receptors. Penehyclidine activates NF-kβ in lung tissue and inhibits the release of inflammatory factors. Penehyclidine can alleviate the pulmonary inflammatory response in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing mechanical ventilation.

Biperiden (KL 373) lactate is an orally active non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist that competitively binds to M1 muscarinic receptors. Biperiden (KL 373) lactate inhibits acetylcholine and enhances dopamine signaling in the central nervous system. Biperiden (KL 373) lactate has the potential for the research of Parkinson's disease and other related psychiatric disorders.

[Leu5]Enkephalin a five amino acid endogenous peptide that acts as an agonist at opioid receptors.

SLF1081851 (16 d) is an effective Sphingolipid Transporter 2 (Spns2) (S1P transporter) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.93 μM (S1P), SLF1081851 inhibits SphK2 with an IC50 value of ≈ 30 μM (SphK2), and is at least 15-fold more selective for SphK2 than SphK1. SLF1081851 has the potential to investigate Spns2 biology and can be used for autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) research.

Deschloroclozapine, a metabolite of Clozapine, is a highly potent muscarinic DREADDs (muscarinic Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) agonist, and binds to DREADD receptor subtypes hM3Dq and hM4Di with Ki of 6.3 and 4.2 nM, respectively.

Nitrocaramiphen hydrochloride is an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (mAChR M1), which can completely remove the hyperpolarizing effect of muscarine.

CXCR4 probe 1 (compound 5) is a potent and specific CXCR4-targeted PET tracer with an IC50 value of 6.9 nM against CXCR4-specific antagonist peptide, TN14003. CXCR4 probe 1 has potential to be used as CXCR4-specific imaging probe to diagnose and monitor the prognosis of inflammatory diseases, CXCR4-positive tumors, and metastatic cancers.

Aripiprazole (OPC-14597) monohydrate, an atypical antipsychotic, is a potent and high-affinity dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist. Aripiprazole monohydrate is an inverse agonist at 5-HT2B and 5-HT2A receptors and displays partial agonist actions at 5-HT1A, 5-HT2C, D3, and D4 receptors. Aripiprazole monohydrate can be used for the research of schizophrenia and COVID19.

Brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) hydrochloride, an atypical orally active antipsychotic drug, is a partial agonist of human 5-HT1A and dopamine D2L receptor with Kis of 0.12 nM and 0.3 nM, respectively. Brexpiprazole hydrochloride is also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.47 nM. Brexpiprazole hydrochloride also shows potent antagonist activity at human noradrenergic α1B (Ki=0.17 nM) and α2C receptors (Ki=0.59 nM).

EMD386088 is a potent serotonin 6 receptor (5-HT6R) agonist. EMD386088 induces cell death. EMD386088 regulates the activity of ERK1/2. EMD386088 has the potential for the research of alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia.

Sarpogrelate (MCI-9042) is a new, specific orally active 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, Sarpogrelate (MCI-9042) increases platelet aggregation and has hemostasis effect, and can be used for the research of Buerger’s disease.

SB 258741 hydrochloride is a specific 5-HT7 receptor antagonist and can be used for the research of schizophrenia.

2'-MeCCPA is a potent and selective A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR) agonist. 2'-MeCCPA efficiently inhibits cAMP modulation in both direct pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs) and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons (iMSNs).

LJ-4517 is a potent A2AAR antagonist, with a Ki of 18.3 nM. LJ-4517 is potent in displacing the binding of [3H]ZM241385 at WT A2AAR.

PSB-0788 (compound 17), xanthine-8-yl-benzenesulfonamide derivative, is a new selective high-affinity A2B antagonist with IC50 value of 3.64 nM and Ki value of 0.393 nM, respeactively. PSB-0788 (compound 17) can be used for the research for chronic inflammatory lung diseases.

Sipagladenant (Compound I) is an orally active adenosine receptor A2A inverse agonist. Sipagladenant can be used in frontal lobe dysfunction research.

Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium glycinate is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline sodium glycinate inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline sodium glycinate has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline sodium glycinate induces apoptosis. Theophylline sodium glycinate can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research.

VCP171 is a potent adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) positive allosteric modulator (PAM). VCP171 is effective at decreasing excitatory synaptic currents in Lamina II of neuropathic pain model. VCP171 can be used for researching neuropathic pain.

Piribedil dihydrochloride is a potent and orally active dopamine D2 and dopamine D3 agonist. Piribedil dihydrochloride is also a α2-adrenoceptors antagonist. Piribedil dihydrochloride can inhibit MLL1 methyltransferase activity (EC50: 0.18 μM). Piribedil dihydrochloride has the potential for the research of parkinson's disease, circulatory disorders, cancers.

(-)-Penbutolol ((S)-Penbutolol) is a potent β-adrenoceptor and 5-HT receptor antagonist with Ki values of 11.6 nM and 11.9 nM for 5-HT in rat cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) and human CA3. (-)-Penbutolol can increase hippocampal 5-HT output.

Droxidopa (L-DOPS) hydrochloride is a potent, orally active norepinephrine precursor. Droxidopa hydrochloride increases standing blood pressure, ameliorates symptoms of orthostatic hypotension and improves standing ability. Droxidopa hydrochloride has the potential for the research of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) and alternative ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).

Metoprolol fumarate (CGP 2175C) is an orally active, selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist. Metoprolol fumarate shows anti-inflammation, antitumor and anti-angiogenic properties.

Naphazoline (Naphthazoline) is a potent α-adrenergic receptor agonist. Naphazoline reduces vascular hyperpermeability and promotes vasoconstriction. Naphazoline reduces the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-4), IgE, GMCSF, and NGF。Naphazoline can be used for non-bacterial conjunctivitis research.

Phentolamine is a potent, selective and orally active α1 adrenergic and α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Phentolamine can be used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Povafonidine (PGE-6201204) is a potent alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist. Povafonidine can constrict blood vessels and reduce mucosal congestion. Povafonidine can be used for nasal congestion research.

Timolol (hemihydrate) is a β-blocker available for both topical and systemic administration. Timolol (hemihydrate) is primarily used to reduce intraocular pressure with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension and Timolol (hemihydrate) also has cardioprotective effect.

EMD 66684 is an antagonist of Angiotensin II Type 1 (AT1) receptor. EMD 66684 shows potent binding affinities for the AT1 subtype Ang II receptor with an IC50 value of 0.7 nM. EMD 66684 also serves as an antiischemic cytoprotectant -.

CB1R Allosteric modulator 3 is a CB1R positive allosteric modulator. CB1R Allosteric modulator 3 has potent inhibition of cAMP and β-Arrestin with EC50 values of 0.018 μM and 1.241 μM, respectively.

COR170 (11u) is a selective CB2 inverse-agonist which is a 4-quinolone-3-carboxylic acid derivative with a Ki value of 3.8 nM for CB2 receptor. COR170 can be used for the research of inflammation and neuroprotection.

Acetophenazine, a phenothiazine derivative, is an antipsychotic agent. Acetophenazine primarily blocks dopamine D2 receptors in the brain. Acetophenazine can be used for researching psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and anxious depression.

Flupentixol is a high potency thioxanthene with D1 and D2 dopamine receptor antagonism. Flupentixol is used in therapy of schizophrenia as well as in anxiolytic and depressive disorders.

Loxapine hydrochloride is an orally active dopamine inhibitor, 5-HT receptor antagonist and also a dibenzoxazepine anti-psychotic agent.

Piribedil hydrochloride is a potent and orally active dopamine D2 and dopamine D3 agonist. Piribedil hydrochloride is also a α2-adrenoceptors antagonist. Piribedil hydrochloride can inhibit MLL1 methyltransferase activity (EC50: 0.18 μM). Piribedil hydrochloride has the potential for the research of parkinson's disease, circulatory disorders, cancers.

Razpipadon ((-)-PW0464), an aromatic compound, is a dopamine receptor partial agonist. Razpipadon can be used in the study of dopamine D1 ligand-mediated related psychiatric disorders.

Vodudeutentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist.

Tocrifluor 1117 (T1117), a fluorescent form of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251, is a selective fluorescent GPR55 ligand. Tocrifluor 1117 is a potent tool for identifying the cellular location of cannabinoid receptors (including GPR55 in living tissues) (Ex/Em=543/590 nm).

BU224 hydrochloride is a selective and high affinity imidazoline I2 receptor ligand, with a Ki of 2.1 nM. BU224 hydrochloride is sometimes used as an I2 receptor antagonist. BU224 hydrochloride exerts neuroprotective effects, with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. BU224 hydrochloride improves memory in 5XFAD mice, enlarging dendritic spines and reducing Aβ-induced changes in NMDARs. BU224 hydrochloride can be used for Alzheimer's disease research.

Montelukast (MK0476) dicyclohexylamine is a potent, selective and orally active antagonist of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1). Montelukast dicyclohexylamine can be used for the reseach of asthma and liver injury. Montelukast dicyclohexylamine also has an antioxidant effect in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and could reduce cardiac damage. Montelukast dicyclohexylamine decreases eosinophil infiltration into the asthmatic airways. Montelukast dicyclohexylamine can also be used for COVID-19 research.

Cycrimine is an orally active muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAChR) M1 antagonist, reduces the acetylcholine levels in parkinson model. Cycrimine shows antispasmodic activity, can be used in studies of behavioral and mental disorder.

Resomelagon (AP1189) is a potent, orally active melanocortin receptor (MR) agonist. Resomelagon induces ERK1/2 phosphorylation and Ca2+ mobilization. Resomelagon has anti-inflammatory activity. Resomelagon can be used for obesity and chronic inflammation research.

Rolapitant (SCH619734) hydrochloride is a potent, selective, long-acting and orally active neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist with a Ki of 0.66 nM. Rolapitant hydrochloride does not interact with CYP3A4. Rolapitant hydrochloride shows potent anti-emetic activity in a ferret emesis model.

Pasireotide (SOM230) diaspartate, a long-acting cyclohexapeptide somatostatin analogue, can improve agonist activity at somatostatin receptors (subtypes sst1/2/3/4/5, pKi=8.2/9.0/9.1/<7.0/9.9, respectively). Pasireotide diaspartate exhibits antisecretory, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic activity.

Xelaglifam is a potent GPR40 agonist. Antihyperglycaemic activity.

ACT-335827 is a selective, orally active, brain-penetrant orexin type 1 receptor antagonist. ACT-33582 acts on OXR1 and OXR2 with IC50 values of 6 nM and 417 nM, respectively. ACT-33582 can be used in studies related to neurological disorders.

Nivasorexant is a potent orexin receptor antagonist.

Tebideutorexant is a potent orexin receptor antagonist. Tebideutorexant can be used for insomnia research.

BMS-98614 is an orally active, selective thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR-4) antagonist with an IC50 value of 0.4 nM. BMS-98614 has excellent antithrombotic effect.

(3R,5R,6S)-Atogepant ((3R,5R,6S)-MK-8031) is the enantiomer of Atogepant. Atogepant is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRP) antagonist. Atogepant can be used for researching migraine.

GR-46611 is a 5-HT1D receptor agonist. GR-46611 can be used in the research of bladder hyperactivity, leukemia.

M1069 is a selective and orall active, dual A2A/A2B adenosine receptor antagonist with a selectivity of >100 fold against the A1 and A3 receptors. M1069 counteracts immune-suppressive mechanisms of adenosine, and exhibits anti-tumor activity.

Ecopipam (SCH 39166) hydrochloride is a potent, selective and orally active antagonist of dopamine D1/D5 receptor, with Kis of 1.2 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. Ecopipam hydrochloride shows more than 40-flod selectivity over D2, D4, 5-HT, and α2a receptor (Ki=0.98, 5.52, 0.08, and 0.73 μM, respectively). Ecopipam hydrochloride can be used for the research of schizophrenia, cocaine addition, and obesity.

Ecopipam (SCH 39166) is a potent, selective and orally active antagonist of dopamine D1/D5 receptor, with Kis of 1.2 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. Ecopipam shows more than 40-flod selectivity over D2, D4, 5-HT, and α2a receptor (Ki=0.98, 5.52, 0.08, and 0.73 μM, respectively). Ecopipam can be used for the research of schizophrenia, cocaine addition, and obesity.

INCB38579 is an orally active, highly brain penetrable, and selective histamine H4 receptor (HH4R) antagonist (hH4R IC50=4.8 nM, mH4R IC50=42 nM, rH4R IC50=32 nM). INCB38579 shows anti-inflammatory pain and anti-pruritic activities.

(R)-(+)-Dimethindene maleate is an orally active H1-receptor blocker with antihistaminic properties in pigs.

CHF-6366 is a potent M3 muscarinic antagonist and β2-adrenergic receptors agonist with pKi values of 10.4 and 11.4, respectively. CHF-6366 is also a weak calcium channel inhibitor (IC50~50 μM). CHF-6366 inhibits bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs.

Ifetroban (BMS-180291) sodium is an orally active antagonist of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) or prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) receptor. Ifetroban sodium shows antiplatelet activity, and inhibits tumor cell migration without affecting cell proliferation. Ifetroban sodium can be used for myocardial ischemia, hypertension, stroke, thrombosis, cardiomyopathy research.

RPT193 is an orally active inhibitor of CCR4, blocks the recruitment of Th2 inflammatory immune cells into inflamed tissues. RPT193 can be used for allergic inflammation in atopic dermatitis, asthma, and other diseases research.

ACT-660602 is an orally active antagonist of chemokine receptor (CXCR3) with an IC50 value of 204 nM. ACT-660602 inhibits T-cell migration and shows efficacy in acute lung ingury model. ACT-660602 can be used for autoimmune diseases research.

L-368,899 is an orally active and selective OT (oxytocin ) receptor antagonist, with IC50s of 8.9 and 26 nM for uterus of rat and human, respectively. L-368,899 can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). L-368,899 inhibits oxytocin-stimulated uterine contractions in rats and can be used in study of preterm labor.

Nefazodone is an orally active phenylpiperazine antidepressant. Nefazodone can potently and selectively block postsynaptic 5-HT2A receptors, and moderately inhibit 5-HT and noradrenaline reuptake. Nefazodone has a high affinity for CYP3A4 isoenzyme, which indicates that it has certain risk of drug-drug interaction. Nefazodone can also relieve the adverse effects of stress on the the immune system of mice.

Oxetorone fumarate is a non-selective, orally active serotonin antagonist. Oxetorone fumarate is an antimigraine agent.

Oxyfedrine, a vasodilator, is an orally active β-adrenoreceptor agonist. Oxyfedrine decreases the tonicity of coronary vessels. Oxyfedrine can be used in the research of cardiovascular disease.

Medroxalol (RMI81968) is an orally active adrenergic receptor antagonist, blocks α- and β-adrenergic receptors. Medroxalol shows antihypertensive and vasodilating effects.

Isoprenaline is a non-selective, orally active β-adrenergic receptor agonist. Isoprenaline has potent peripheral vasodilator, bronchodilator, and cardiac stimulating activities. Isoprenaline can be used for the research of bradycardia and bronchial asthma.

Bombinakinin M is a bradykinin receptor agonist with contractile activity in the guinea pig ileum.

ANEB-001 is an orally active CB1 inhibitor, can be used to research acute cannabinoid intoxication.

L-365260 hemihydrate is an orally active and selective antagonist of non-peptide gastrin and brain cholecystokinin receptor (CCK-B), with Kis of 1.9 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. L-365260 hemihydrate interacts in a stereoselective and competitive manner with guinea pig stomach gastrin and brain CCK receptors. L-365260 hemihydrate can enhance Morphine analgesia and prevents Morphine tolerance.

Mosapramine (Clospipramine) is an orally active and potent dopamine receptor antagonist with high affinity to dopamine receptor subtypes 2, 3 and 4, and with moderate affinity for the 5-HT2 receptor. Mosapramine shows antipsychotic activity and can be used in schizophrenia research.

Thioproperazine (RP 7843) is an orally active antipsychotic agent with calming, antiemetic activity. Thioproperazine is effective in promoting the release of dopamine in rat striatum. Thioproperazine can be used in studies of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

(S)-Remoxipride ((-)-Remoxipride) is a selective dopamine D2-receptor antagonist with an IC50 value of 1.57 μM. (S)-Remoxipride can be used for the research of psychotic disorder.

Clazosentan (Ro 61-1790) is a selective endothelin A (ETA) receptor antagonist. Clazosentan inhibits ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction. Clazosentan prevents cerebral vasospasm, vasospasm-related cerebral infarction.

Ozarelix (D-63153) is a GnRH antagonist. Ozarelix induces cell apoptosis and arrests cell in G2/M phase. Ozarelix can be used in the research of prostate cancer.

Teverelix (EP 24332) is a GnRH antagonist. Teverelix binds competitively and reversibly to GnRH receptors, thereby suppressing the release of LH and FSH. Teverelix can be used in the research of prostatic hyperplasia, endometriosis, and prostate cancer.

Isothipendyl (AY 56012), an azaphenothiazine derivative, is a potent histamine 1 (H1) receptor antagonist. Isothipendyl is a primary metabolite.

Phenindamine (Nu 1504) is an antihistamine.

Dimethindene is a potent, selective histamine H1 antagonist. Dimethindene impairs cutaneous wound healing (WH). Dimethindene can block K+ currents.

Levocabastine (R 50547) is a potent and selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Levocabastine hydrochloride is also a selective, high affinity neurotensin receptor subtype 2 (NTR2) antagonist, with a Ki of 17 nM for mNTR2. Levocabastine can act as a VLA-4 antagonist, interferes with conjunctival eosinophil infiltration in allergic conjunctivitis (AC).

Methapyrilene is a histamine antagonist, a pyridine chemical with anticholinergic activity. Methapyrilene can cause target organ-specific epigenetic alterations, such as a decrease in DNA methylation levels. Methapyrilene induces hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.

Phenyltoloxamine (Bistrimin) is an antihistamine agent with sedative and analgesic effects. Phenyltoloxamine also has potent Sigma-1 receptor binding affinity (Ki: 160 nM).

Parapenzolate bromide, an antispasmodic, is an orally active mAChR antagonist. Parapenzolate bromide is an anticholinergic agent.

Oxyphencyclimine is an orally active muscarinic receptor (mAChR) antagonist. Oxyphencyclimine is effective in reducing ulceration index and increasing pepsin activity in rat gastric ulcer model. Oxyphencyclimine can be used in studies of peptic ulcer disease and gastrointestinal spasm.

Pirenzepine (LS 519 free base) is a selective M1 mAChR (muscarinic acetylcholine receptor) antagonist. Pirenzepine reduces gastric acid secretion and reduces muscle spasm, can be used in peptic ulcers research. Pirenzepine shows anti-proliferative activity to cancer cells.

Homatropine is an orally active muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist and can be used as an anticholinergic agent.

THX-B is a potent and non-peptidic p75NTR (neurotrophin receptor p75) antagonist. THX-B can be used in the research of diabetic kidney disease, neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders.

Opipramol (Ensidon) is an atypical tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). Opipramol acts primarily as a sigma (σ) receptor agonist and can potently interact with sigma recognition sites with a Ki value of 50 nM. Opipramol can be used for the research of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

L-Adenosine is a metabolically stable enantiomeric analog and also is a potential probe. L-Adenosine has weakly inhibitory adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity with an Ki value of 385 μM. L-Adenosine can be used for the research of adenosine uptake and accumulation.

BI-2081 is a GPR40 (FFAR1) partial agonist (EC50: 4 nM). BI-2081 induces glucose depending insulin secretion and reduces the plasma glucose concentration. BI-2081 can be used in the research of metabolic diseases, in particular diabetes type 2.

TP-051 is a potent FFAR1 agonist with an Ki value of 16 nM for human FFAR1. TP-051 can increase insulin secretion in rat insulinoma cells. TP-051 can be used to research type 2 diabetes.

Tabernanthalog is a water-soluble, non-hallucinogenic and non-toxic analogue of ibogaine. Tabernanthalog is a 5-HT2A agonist. Tabernanthalog is found to promote structural neural plasticity, reduce alcohol- and heroin-seeking behaviour, and produce antidepressant-like effects in rodents.

Tetrahydro-β-carboline (Tryptoline) is a metabolite of tryptamine, also is a competitive serotonin reuptake inhibitor with an Ki value of 6.1 µM.

RS100329 hydrochloride is a potent and selective α1A-adrenoceptor antagonist with pKi values of 9.6, 7.9 and 7.5 for α1A, α1D, and α1B, respectively. RS100329 hydrochloride inhibits reflex urethral contractions. RS100329 hydrochloride can be used in research of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Upidosin (Rec 15/2739) is an α-1 adrenoceptor (α-1 AR) antagonist. Upidosin shows moderate selectivity for the α-1A AR subtype. Upidosin shows uroselectivity in urethra and prostate with a Kb value of 2-3 nM higher than in ear artery and aorta with a Kb value of 20-100 nM. Upidosin inhibits [3H]prazosin binding to cloned human α-1A adrenergic receptor. Upidosin can be used for the research of urethral obstruction.

L-745870 is a high-affinity, selective and orally active antagonist of human dopamine D4 receptor with Ki of 0.43 nM. L-745870 considerably weaker D2 and D3 receptors affinity with Ki of 960 nM and 2300 nM, respectively. L-745870 has excellent brain penetration.

Acyline , a GnRH peptide analogue, is a GnRH antagonist that inhibits gonadotropin and testosterone (T) levels.

Cipralisant (GT-2331) enantiomer is the enantiomer of Cipralisant, Cipralisant is an orally active, potent, selective, and high affinity histamine H3 receptor antagonist (rat Ki=0.47 nM).

Cetirizine methyl ester is an impurity of Cetirizine. Cetirizine, a second-generation antihistamine and the carboxylated metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a specific, orally active and long-acting histamine H1-receptor antagonist.

Dimethindene maleate is a selective histamine H1 antagonist with antihistamine effects. Dimethindene maleate can be used for the research of hypersensitivity reactions.

JNJ10191584 (VUF6002) is an orally active and selective histamine H4 receptor antagonist with a Ki value of 26 nM. JNJ10191584 shows 540-fold selectivity to H4 receptor over H3 receptor with a Ki value of 14.1 μM. JNJ10191584 inhibits chemotaxis of eosinophils and mast cells with IC50 values of 530 nM and 138 nM, respectively.

ST-1006 maleate is a potent histamine H4 receptor agonist with a pKi value of 7.94. ST-1006 maleate has anti-inflammatory effect.

YM-58790 free base is a potent antagonist of mAChR. YM-58790 free base binds M1, M2, M3 with Ki values of 28 nM, 260 nM, and 15 nM. YM-58790 free base exhibits potent inhibitory activity on bladder pressuer in reflexly-evoked rhythmic contraction in rats.

DIBA-Cy5 is a fluorescent DIBA antagonist made up be DIBA-alkyne binding Cyanine5 fluorophores (Cy5) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) biomolecules. DIBA-Cy5 can serve as a fluorescent ligand, suitable for probe attachment through click chemistry. DIBA-Cy5 exerts a high binding affinity to type-2 mAChR (M2R) with the Kd value of 1.80 nM, can directly stain M2R receptors in the sinoatrial node of a mouse heart.

PF-07258669 is a melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4) antagonist. PF-07258669 can be used for the research of cachexia, anorexia, or anorexia nervosa.

(S,S)-BMS-984923 is a less active (S,S)-enantiomer of BMS-984923. (S,S)-BMS-984923 shows an EC50 >1μM for mGluR5 receptor. BMS-984923 is a potent mGluR5 silent allosteric modulator.

Septide ((Pyr6,Pro9)-Substance P) is a potent NK1 receptor agonist with a Kd value of 0.55 nM.

MEN 10207 is a selective NK-2 tachykinin receptor (Neurokinin Receptor) antagonist. MEN 10207 has pA2 values of 5.2, 7.9 and 4.9 in three monoreceptor in vitro assays for NK-1, NK-2 and NK-3 tachykinin receptors, respectively.

ZP 120C is a potent and partial ORL1 receptor agonist. ZP 120C inhibits electrically induced contraction. ZP 120C can be used in the research of hyponatremia/hypokalemia.

NAQ is a potent and selective μ opioid receptor partial agonist, with a Ki of 0.55 nM. NAQ shows selectivity for Mu opioid receptor over the δ receptor (Ki=132.50 nM) and the κ receptor (Ki=26.45 nM). NAQ can be used for the research of opioid withdrawal or dependence.

PIT (2,2'-Pyridylisatogen tosylate) is a selective and non-competitive antagonist of P2Y1 receptor with an IC50 value of 0.14 μM for human P2Y1 receptor. PIT antagonizes P2Y1 receptor signaling without affecting nucleotide binding. PIT is an irreversible antagonist of responses to ATP at metabotropic purinoceptors (of the P2Y family) in some smooth muscles. PIT can be used for the research of chronic bronchitis and asthma.

MRS2279 diammonium is a selective and high affinity P2Y1 receptor antagonist, with a Ki value of 2.5 nM and an IC50 value of 51.6 nM. MRS2279 diammonium competitively inhibits ADP-promoted platelet aggregation with an pKb value of 8.05.

TT-232 (CAP-232), a somatostatin derivative, is a peptide SSTR1/SSTR4 agonist. TT-232 inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. TT-232 is also a broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent.

Selepressin (FE 202158) is a selective vasopressin V1A receptor agonist. Selepressin is a potent vasopressor. Selepressin can be used in the research of septic shock.

BAY-3153 is a selective CCR1 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 1) antagonist (human IC50=3 nM; rat IC50=11 nM; mice IC50=81 nM).