PSB603 is a adenosine A(2B) receptor antagonist which suppresses tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting induction of regulatory T cells.

Ro67-7476 is a positive allosteric modulator of mGlu1 receptors. It potentiates glutamate-induced calcium release (EC50 = 60.1 nM at rat mGluR1a). Ro67-7476 displays no activity at human mGlu1 receptors.

RU 28318, potassium salt is a potent and selective antagonist for the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). RU 28318, potassium salt inhibits aldosterone production and secretion, and selectively decreases ex-vivo MR binding in the hippocampus of adrenalectomised rats. It also decreases blood pressure in female rats following central administration in vivo.

SIB-1757 is a highly selective antagonist for the mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype. SIB-1757 displays an IC50 value of 0.4 μM at hmGlu5 compared with > 30 μM at hmGlu1b, hmGlu2, hmGlu4, hmGlu6, hmGlu7 and hmGlu8.

SIB-1893 is a highly selective non-competitive antagonist for the metabotropic glutamate mGlu5 receptor subtype; displays an IC50 value of 0.3 μM at hmGlu5, compared with > 100 μM at hmGlu1b, hmGlu2, hmGlu6, hmGlu7 and hmGlu8. It positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors.

SKF-75670 hydrobromide is a atypical D1DR (dopamine receptor) agonist. It displays antagonist activity in vitro and agonist activity in vivo.

SKF-81297 HBr is a selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist, which stimulates motor behaviour of MPTP-lesioned monkeys.

SKF-83959 HBr is a dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (Ki values are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors respectively). SKF-83959 HBr may act as an antagonist in vivo, producing anti-Parkinsonian effects and antagonizing the behavioral effects of cocaine.

SM19712 is a nonpeptide endothelin converting enzyme inhibitor.

SM 21 is a novel sigma(2) antagonist.

SNAP5089 is a subtype-selective α1A-adrenoceptor antagonist that displays > 600-fold selectivity over other adrenoceptors (Kivalues are 0.35, 220, 370, 540, 800 and 1200 nM for α1A, α1B, α2C, α1D, α2B and α2A subtypes respectively and 540 nM for L-type Ca2+ channels).

SQ-29548 is a highly selective TP receptor antagonist which binds to the human recombinant TP receptor with a Ki of 4.1 nM. SQ-29548 inhibits the aggregation of washed human platelets induced by U-46619 with an IC50 of 0.06 μM.

SSR 146977 is a new potent nonpeptide tachykinin NK3 receptor antagonist.

TG6-129 is an antagonist of the EP2 receptor, suppressing PGE2-induced elevation of cAMP in cells expressing EP2 with an IC50 value of 1.6 μM. It is without effect on EP4, DP1, IP, and β2-adrenergic receptors. TG6-129 reduces the expression of COX-2, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-23, IL-6, and TNF-α induced by the EP2-selective agonist butaprost in P388D1 macrophages.

U69593 is a a selective KOR-1 (κ1-opioid receptor) agonist. U-69593 is known to inhibit cocaine sensitization in meso-limbic dopamine neurons by normalizing basal overflow of dopamine.

VRT-532 is a CFTR modulator for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.

VU0285683 is a negative allosteric modulator of mGlu5 receptors. VU0285683 acts as a full antagonist and blocks the glutamate response to mGlu5 (IC50 = 24.4 nM). VU0285683 is selective for mGlu5 over mGlu1, mGlu3 and mGlu4.

DCPIB is a novel Inhibitor of Volume-Regulated Anion Channels, Distinctly Modulating K2P Channels.

VU0424465 is a potent mGlu5 positive allosteric modulator and agonist

WB 4101 hydrochloride is a α1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.

WIN 64338 hydrochloride is a potent, non-peptide, competitive bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist.WIN 64338 inhibits [3H]-bradykinin binding on guinea pig trachea with nanomolar affinity but is not active in the rabbit aorta (the classical bradykinin B1 preparation).

XAP044 is a potent and selective mGlu7 antagonist (IC50 = 88 nM). It inhibits lateral amygdala long term potentiation (LTP) in brain slices from wild type mice. XAP044 displays no effects on the LTP of mGlu7 deficient mice.

YM976 is an orally active PDE4 inhibitor (IC50 = 2.2 nM). YM976 has low emetogenic activity, suggested to be due to poor brain penetration.

YS121 is a dual inhibitor of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 and 5-lipoxygenase.

ZK93423 is a potent benzodiazepine receptor agonist (IC50 = 1 nM). ZK93423 is non-selective between α1-, α2-, α3- and α5-subunit containing GABAA receptors (Ki values are 4.1, 4.2, 6 and 4.5 nM for inhibition of [3H]Ro15-1788 binding to human recombinant α1β3γ2, α2β3γ2, α3β3γ2 and α5β3γ2 receptors respectively).

ZK93426 is a potent, selective and competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist (IC50 values are 0.4 and 0.7 nM for inhibition of [3H]-flunitrazepam binding to rat cerebellum and hippocampus respectively)

C620-0696 is a novel potent inhibitor of bromodomain PHD-finger transcription factor (BPTF).

COH34 S-dioxide is an oxidized analog of COH34

CRBN-6-5-5-VHL is a novel cell-permeable, potent and selective cereblon degrader.

NPE-caged-HPTS is a caged fluorescent pH indicator, rapidly releasing the fluorophore HPTS (pKa 7.25) upon two-photon excitation (>3000 s-1).

MRK-740 is a novel potent (IC50: 80?±?16?nM), selective and cell-active PRDM9 inhibitor, specifically and directly inhibiting H3K4 methylation at endogenous PRDM9 target loci.

Niclosamide-olamine is a Insect Attractant, Repellent and Chemosterilant.

Nafcillin sodium is an antibacterial chemical.

Oxacillin (trade name Bactocill) is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class developed by Beecham. It was patented in 1960 and approved for medical use in 1962. Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant β-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use.

Levothyroxine sodium is a thyroid hormone.

Garcinoic Acid is a natural and selective agonist of pregnane X receptor.

Nevirapine-d3 is deuterized nevirapine, reducing P450 metabolite formation, impacting on phase II metabolism and hepatocyte protein expression.

MS4 is a novel glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist with anti-inflammatory activity and displaying reduced impact on islets.

Pramiverin HCl is a bioactive chemical.

Acepromazine maleate, also known as Sch-10649, is a dopamine D1/2 receptor and 5-HT1A/2A receptor antagonist used to prevent nausea and induce sedation. Acepromazine maleate is discontinued.

L-Alaninol , also known as 2-Aminopropanol, is an amino acid derivative that inhibits melanoma proliferation and increases cytrochrome C reductase and tau-glutamyl transpeptidase.

Alloxan Monohydrate is a glucose analog used to induce diabetes by destroying beta-cells.

Alternariol is a mycotoxin, topoisomerase I and II inhibitor and potential ER agonist found in Alternaria.

Alyssin is a sulforaphane homolog and antioxidant. It induces phase II enzymes and increases Nrf2 levels in adenocarcinoma cells. It is has been shown to decrease the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, supressing the risk of carcinogenesis in vitro.

Amastatin HCl is an aminopeptidase inhibitor that also induces vasoconstriction.

Amisulpride is an antagonist 5-HT7 receptor and dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. It modulates beta 2- arresting signaling and increases neurite outgrowth.

Amitraz, also known as Mitaban and Taktic, is an alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist and MAO inhibitor used as an insecticide in prevention of flea and tick infections. It prevents prostaglandin synthesis and may inhibit beta-cell insulin release.

Amphotericin B binds ergosterol and induces membrane pore formations, increasing ROS and suppressing fungal growth. It also increases expression of IL-1-beta, TNF-alpha, BDNF and GDNF and protects against prion-induced neurodegeneration.

Ampicillin Trihydrate is a transpeptidase inhibitor that prevents bacterial cell wall formation. It is effective against gram negative and gram positive bacteria.

Amprolium HCl is coccidiostat and thiamine transporter inhibitor. It inhibits thiamine transporters in species of Eimera, preventing carbohydrate synthesis.

Anabasine HCl is used as an insecticide and as a clinical biomarker for tobacco smoke exposure. It is also a depolarizing NMJ blocker, nAChr antagonist, aromatase inhibitor, and teratogen found in species of Nicotiana.

Anisodamine is an inhibitor of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors and mAChRs isolated from Chinese solanacea plant.

Antipain HCl is a protease inhibitor found in Actinomycetes.

Arvanil is a CB1 and TRPV1 agonist. It increases lung tidal volume, diaphragm activity, mean arterial blood pressure and inhibits lymphocyte proliferation.

Atropine is a mAChR antagonist found in Solanaceae used to initiate mydriasis. It decreases thermal pain, inhibits histamine-induced increases in thromboxane A2, and acts as a positive inotrope.

Azithromycin dihydrate is a protein translation inhibitor used for it's antibacterial properties. It is also known to inhibit the epithelila-to-mesenchymal transition and suppresses LPS-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages.

O(6)-Benzylguanine is an MGMT inhibitor that prevents the repair of DNA damage induced by chemotherapeutics. It allows apoptosis and other mechanisms of cell death to occur.

Berteroin is an erucin homolog and potential antioxidant. It is present in cruciferous vegetables, including Chinese cabbage, rucola salad leaves, and mustard oil. It decreases expression of androgen receptors in prostate cancer cells. It also decreases the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated macrophages.

Ubenimex, also known as NK 421 and Bestatin, is a CD13 inhibitor. Ubenimex attenuates acquired sorafenib resistance in renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting Akt signaling in a lipophagy associated mechanism. Ubenimex synergistically enhances the effects of anticancer drugs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ubenimex inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion by inhibiting the expression of APN and inducing autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells.

Biopterin is an endogenous pterin coenzyme required for production of neutrotransmitters and release of NO

Bupivacaine is a BK/SK, Kv1, Kv3, TASK-2 K Channel and voltage-gated Na channel blocker used as an anesthetic. It maybe neurotoxic at high does, inducing apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells.

Butein is found in Rhuteic verniciflua and Butea monosperma. It induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung cancer cells, inhibits vessel spouting from aortic rings, and prevents hepatic stellate cell activation.

Cerulomycin A is a toxin that inhibits growth of Entamoeba. It may prevent proliferation of cancer cells, and suppresses immune responses.

Canrenone is a metabolite of spironolactone, Na/K ATPase partial agonist and aldosterone and androgen receptor antagonist used as a diuretic.

Carbadox is a livestock anitbiotic and growth promoter. It is particularly effective in treating swine dysentery and enteritis. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.

Cefaclor monohydrate is a penicillin binding protein inhibitor that prevents peptidoglycan synthesis and bacterial cell wall formation. It also enhances phagocytosis, bacterial activity of granulocytes and macrophages, and slows gastric emptying and intestinal transit.

Cefoperazone is a penicillin binding protein inhibitor and mammalian mRNA splicing inhibitor that prevents peptidoglycan synthesis and bacterial cell wall formation.

Cefotaxime Acid is a penicillin binding protein inhibitor that prevents peptidoglycan synthesis and bacterial cell wall formation. It is mostly resistant to β-lactamase activity.

Ceftiofur sodium is a penicillin binding protein inhibitor that prevents synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It also decreases LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in endotoxemia models.

Cheirolin is an antioxidant and sulfonyl analog of sulforaphane. It induces phase II enzyme activity and expression.

Chlormadinone acetate is a synthetic steroid hormone and antagonist at androgen and estrogen receptors used to treat BPH and polycystic ovary syndrome. It also promotes osteoblast differentiation and Ca deposition in bone marrow stem cells.

Chromium picolinate is used to prevent chromium deficiency and to decrease serum glucose and insuline levels. It also decreases plasma lipid levels and platelet aggregation and improves myocardial contractility.

Chymostatin is a protease inhibitor used in research models.

Ciglitazone is a PPARγ agonist. It is known to decrease insulin levels, VEGF production and blood pressure and induces cell cycle arrest in stomach cancer cells.

Clindamycin Palmitate HCl a ribosomal translocation and protein synthesis inhibitor that displays efficacy against MRSA. It is also occasionally used to treat Plasmodium.

Clofibric acid is a PPARα agonist, auxin inhibitor and metabolite of clofibrate used as a plant growth regulator. It also decreases production of cholesterol and activity of HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT. It also suppresses microvessel growth in ovarian cancer models.

Clopidol is coccidiostat used to treat parasite infections in veterinary medicine.

Colistin sulfate is a NADH quinone oxidoreductase inhibitor that induces formation of pores in membranes of gram negative bacteria. It is highly neurotoxic and nephrotoxic.

Corticosterone is an endogenous steroid hormone involved in immune responses, stress responses and energy homeostasis. It activates mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors.

Cuelure is a hormonal attractant for male Bactrocera flies.

Ancitabine HCl is a pyrimidine analog and DNA synthesis inhibitor previously used to treat leukemias. It inhibits proliferation of HSV-1 and CMV and induces degranulation of granular tubes.

Cypermethrin is a synthetic type II insecticide and protein phosphate inhibitor. It inhibits protein phosphates, inducing nerve blockade and paralysis.

Cyproconazole inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi.

Dapiprazole HCl is an α1-Adrenergic receptor antagonist used to reverse mydriasis. It also decreases mean intraocular pressure, suppresses pigment shedding, and increases outflow facility.

Prasterone is an endogenous steroid hormone that acts as an agonist at ERβ, NMDA, and σ1 receptors, a partial agonist at ERα and AR, and antagonist at GABA-A receptors. It displays a variety of biologocial activities, including enhancing working memory and cognition, inhibiting proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells, increasing expression of various glutamate transporters to suppress seizures, and minimizing gastric acid secretion, lipid peroxidation and ulcer formation.

Diaveridine is coccidiostat and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. It prevents folic acid synthesis in species of Pneumocystis and induces DNA damage.

Diclazuril is a coccidiostat and GAPDH inhibitor used to prevent parasitic contamination of livestock and poultry feed.

Difenoconazole is a 14-α demethylase inhibitor that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and fungal cell wall formation. It may inhibit aromatase.

Difloxacin HCl is a bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitor. It suppresses growth of Staphylococus, Escherichia and Pasturella.

Diflubenzuron is an insect growth regulator and chitin synthesis inhibitor. It inhibits growth of Tribolium, Anopheles, Ascaris and Haemonchus.

Efaroxan HCl is an inhibitor of α2-adrenergic receptors, imidazoline-1 receptors, and ATP-sensitive K channels. It improves glucose tolerance, alters opiod-mediated tolerance and antinociception signaling pathways, and decreases symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.

Epoxiconazole is a 14-α demethylase inhibitor that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and fungal cell wall formation. It may inhibit aromatase and act as an endocrine distrupter.

Eprinomectin is a semi-synthetic GABA signaling potentiator used to inhibit bacterial infections. It causes neuromuscular paralysis in microbes and parasites.

Erucin is a sulforaphane analog and telomerase inhibitor found in cruciferous vegtables. It induces phase II enzyme activity, suppresses cellular proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, prevents 6-OHDA-induced neurodegenration, and inhibits LPS-s

Erysolin is a sulforaphane analog found in cruciferous vegetables. It induces phase II enzyme activity and inhibits growth of colon cancer cells.

Ethacridine lactate monohydrate is an acridine derivative and DNA intercalator used as an antiseptic It increases levels of prostaglandin E, decreases excretion of estriol, and may induce fetal death in pregnant females.

Ethisterone is a synthetic contraceptive and progesterone receptor agonist previously used in contraceptics. Derivatives inhibit prostate cancer cell growth.

Ethoxyquin is an HSP90 inhibitor and antioxidant used as a pesticide and preservative in animal feed.

Farnesol is found in various essential oils. It regulates the volatility of odorants in perfumes. It displays a variety of biological activities, including cell cycle arrest and stimulating p21 and p27 expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells, increasing latency to tumor formation in TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis, and inhibiting growth of Aspergilius and Candida.

Flavanone is found in various plant sources. It inhibits proliferation of tumor cells and may decrease oxidative damagae, inhibit angiogenesis, and suppress growth of bacteria.

Flutriafol is a pesticide, demethylation inhibitor, and NMDA receptor agonist that prevents sterol synthesis and disrupts membrane function. It also induces striatal dopamine release and decreases oxidative damage.

Forchlorfenuron is a synthetic cytokinin, plant growth regulator, and filament polymerization inducer. It induces paralysis in Schistosoma and inhibits proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells.

Fosfomycin calcium is a MurA and isopentenyl mevalonate kinase inhibitor that prevents synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It also prevents aminoglycoside antibiotic-induced nephrotoxicity and lowers serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in models of septic Pseudomonas infection.

Fusarenon-X is a mycotoxin found in Fusarium. It induces DNA strand breakage and decreases food intake.

Fumonisin B2 is a mycotoxin and grain contaminant. It inhibits sphingosine acyltransferase and disrupts sphingolipid metabolism.

D-Galactosamine HCl is a galactose-derived hexosaine sugar and component of FSH and LH. It is used to induce endotoxic shock.

Geranylgeraniol is an geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate analog used in synthesis of vitamins E and K. It induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of various tumor cells, suppresses growth of Mycobacterium, and protects monocytes against statin-induced cytotoxicity.

Ginkgolic acid is an HIV protease and fatty acid synthase inhibitor found in Ginkgo. It suppresses HIV infection, inhibits growth of Staphyloccus, Escherichia, and Bacillus, increases activity of PP2C in neurons, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.

Gliotoxin is a toxin found in Aspergillus. It induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells and chondrosarcoma cells, suppresses the adaptive immune response in leukocytes, and inhibits the proteasome in Plasmodium falciparum.

Calcium saccharate is an oxidized non-cyclic hexose sugar. It may inhibit carcinogenesis and proliferation of cancer cells.

Monolaurin, also known as Glyceryl monolaurate, is a surfactant and emulsifer found in coconut oil. It inhibitis growth of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Gardnerella, Candida, and Haemophilus, and decreases production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Glycidamide is a carcinogen and metabolite of acrylamide that induces DNA adduct formation and mutations.

GSK 2830371 is a WiP1 inhibitor. It inhibits cell growth and tumor growth in lymphoma and neuroblastoma models.

Guggulsterone is a FXR antagonist found in myrrh. It displays a wide variety of biological activities, including disrupting cytoskeletal organization, inhibiting doxorubicin-induced toxicity in cardiomyoc

H7 is a specific protein kinase C inhibitor and protein kinase G inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.

H8 dihydrochloride is a PKA inhibitor that modulates Ca 2+ signaling.

Herbimycin is an inhibitor of HSP90, PKC, Src and Bcr-Abl. It inhibits proliferation of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.

Hexaconazole is a pesticide and demethylation inhibitor that prevents sterol synthesis and disrupts membrane function. It also induces production of apigenin-7-glucoside and other antioxidative compounds and inhibits growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Hexamethonium bromide non-depolarizing NMJ blocker and nAChR antagonist. It has previously been used to treat hypertension. It inhibits sympathetic nervous system activity and acts as a skeletal muscle relaxant.

Hexestrol is a synthetic ER agonist, microtubule polymerization inhibitor, and potential carcinogen. It induces mitotic arrest, aneuploidy, and DNA adduct formation.

Hexylglutathione is a glutathione-S-transferase inhibitor used to study the effects of phase II enzymes and glutathione.

DL-Homocysteinethiolactone HCl is a cysteine derivative that binds to and induces conformational changes in various plasma proteins, slowing coagulation and inducing oxidative stress. It decreases left ventricular systolic blood pressure and cardiac force and induces seizures in vivo.

Hyaluronate Sodium is endogenous anionic non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan found in conective tissue and synovial fluid. It binds cell surface proteins and causes inflammation.

Afimoxifene, E-isomer, also called (E)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen, is a SERM and active metabolite of tamoxifen. The E isomer is less active thatn the Z isomer. It induces autophagy, vacuole formation and KRAS degradation in cancerl cells and decreases contractility in myocytes.

Hygromycin B is a protein translocation inhibitor that suppresses protein and RNA synthesis of bacteria. and viruses by inducing misreadings during translation.

2-Hydroxyestradiol is an estradiol metabolite with low affinity for ERs. It decreases release of prostagladin E2, suppresses H202-induced oxidative damage, and inhibits HIF-1α signaling.

2-Heptylfuran is an antioxidant found in cooked meat. It induces phase II enzyme activity and inhibits benzol[a]pyrene-induced tumor development.

Hydroxytryptophol is a serotonin/melatonin analog found in various plant and food soruces and Trypanosoma brucei. It is used as a biomarker for recent alcohol consumption and causes sleeping sickness. It also inhibits oxidation of LDL.

Iberverin is a sulforaphane homolog and antioxidant found in cruciferous vegetables. It induces phase II enzyme activity and decreases expression of androgen receptors in prostate cancer cells.

Enilconazole, also known as Imazalil, is an inhibitor of 14α-demethylase, aromatase, and androgen receptors that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and fungal cell wall formation. It also alters neural differentiation and displays teratogenic effects in vertebrate development.

Indinavir sulfate is an inhibitor of HIV protease, GLUT4, and calpain used to treat HIV infection. It also decreases phosphorylation of the insulin receptor β subunit, inhibits adenocarcinoma tumor growth, and may induce SOCS1 signaling.

Inositol, also known as myo-Inositol, is an endogenous sugar produced from glucose that is required for production of IMP and phosphatidyl inositol. It is involved in insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal.

Isopropyl thiogalactoside is a galactose and allolactose mimic that induces activation of lac operon, stimulating protein expression.

Itopride HCl is an AChE inhibitor and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist used to treat functional dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease. It inhibits lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.

Itopride HCl is an AChE inhibitor and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist used to treat functional dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease. It inhibits lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.

K252b is a staurosporine analog and PKC inhibitor that suppresses DNA synthesis. It also inhibits microbial ectoprotein kinases and inhibits IgE cross-linking-dependent degranulation in basophils.

K252c is a staurosporine analog and inhibitor of PKC and PKA. It inhibits proliferation of human cytomegalovirus and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.

Kahweol is a natural product in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1 induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kahweol Acetate is a semi-synthetic derivative of kahweol, a natural product found in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1 induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kahweol Eicosanate is a semi-syntetic derivative of kahweol, a natural product found in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1 induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kahweol oleate is emi-syntetic derivative of kahweol, a natural product found in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1 induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kahweol palmitate is a semi-synthetic derivative of kahweol, a natural product found in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1-induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kainic acid is an excitatory amino acid and AMPA and kainate receptor agonist found in seaweed. It increases glutamate release and stimulates Na channels, inducing seizures.

Kanamycin B is an inhibitor of protein translation and mammalian RNA splicing. It inhibits growth of gram negative bacteria, prevents formulation of the initiation complex, and decreases action potential amplitude in cardiac pacemaker cells.

Lactacystin is a proteasome inhibitor found in Streptomyces. It increases the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and inhibits proliferation of glioma cells, inhibits growth and migration of smooth muscle cells, and suppresses infiltration of neutrophils and decreases levels of ICAM-1 in liver injury models.

(d)-Limonene is a commercial flavorant, odorant, cleaning solvent, and insecticide found in the rind of various citrus plants. It displays a wide range of activities, including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric carcinoma cells, inducing phase II enzyme expression to limit oxidative damage, and suppressing cytokine production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Limonin glucoside is found in citrus fruits. It induces apoptosis in colon adenocarcinoma cells, inhibits expression of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 in infected cells, and exhibits larvicidal activity against species of Aedes.

Lincomycin hydrochloride is a peptidyl transferase and protein translation inhibitor used to treat bacterial infections. It also inhibits growth of plasmodium.

Gamolenic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid PPAR agonist found in vegetable oils. It is a precursor to prostaglandin E1 and eicsapentaenoic acid. It regulates insuilin secretion, inhibits diabetes mellitus-induced albuminuria, and induces apoptosis in leukemia cells.

D-Luciferin sodium is heterocyclic light-emitting compound and natural ligand for luciferase used to detect cell activity. It requires ATP for its reaction, emitting a greenish-yellow luminescence at a peak wavelength of approximately 530 nm. The salt form of luciferin dissolves in water or other typical buffers.

Lupinine is an AChE and BChE inhibitor and potential CD69 activator found in species of Loranthus, Calia, and Lupinus. It may also inhibit heparin.

Manzamine A is a vacuolar ATPase uncoupler and GSK-3 inhibitor found in marine sponges. It inhibits autophagy and tumor growth in cancer models, suppresses foam cell formation in macrophages, prevents growth of gram positive and gram negative bacteria, and decreases tau hyperphosphorylation.

Marbofloxacin is a bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitor. It suppresses growth of Staphylococus, Escherichia, Actinobacillus, Pasturella, and Mannhemia.

Meglumine is an amino sugar and sorbitol derivative used as a bulking agent in the formulation of pharmaceutical drugs.

Melitracen HCl ia potential dopamine D1/2 receptor antagonist used to treat depression. It is often co-administered with flupenthixol as a treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. It does not effect cardiovascular function.

S-Methoprene is a juvenile insect growth hormone analog that prohibits the ability of the insect to change from pupae to adult. It is used to control mosquito populations. It alters Ca 2+ signaling and redox activity of cytochrome oxidase and induces male sex differentiation.

DL-alpha-Methylbenzyl isothiocyanate is an antioxidant that induces phase II enzyme activity.

D-alpha-Methylbenzyl isothiocyanate is an antioxidant that induces phase II enzyme activity. It is also used as a chiral agent.

L-alpha-Methylbenzyl isothiocyanate is an antioxidant that induces phase II enzyme activity. It is also used as a chiral agent.

S-Methylcysteine is an antioxidant found in Brassicaceae family plants. It decreases oxidative stress and inhibits oil drop formation in white pre-adipose tissue.

NSC-226572, also known as Alanine, 3-(methylsulfinyl)-, L-, pyrolyzate, S-methyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide; S-Methylcysteine sulfoxide, is a synthetic analog of alliin found in cruciferous vegetables including cabbage, turnip, cauliflower, and kale. NSC-226572 is converted through alliinase activity into a volatile thiosulfinate.

7-Methyl-6-mercaptopurine is a 6-mercaptopurine derivative and inhibitor of PRPP amidotransferase used to treat autoimmune diseases, leukemia,s and lymphomas. It inhibits IMP metabolism, preventing the synthesis of purines, DNA and RNA.

Methysticin is found in Piper methysticum (kava plant). It inhibits activation of NF-χB in lung adenocarcinoma tissue, activates Nrf2 in neurons and astroglia, decreases peak amplitude of voltage-gated Na+ channels in hippocampal neurons, and suppresses growth of Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Colletotrichum.

Miconazole nitrate is an 14-α demethylase inhibitor and potential glucocorticoid receptor antagonist that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and fungal cell wall formation. It is used to treat fungal infections and is especially active against Candida. It also decreases expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in breast cancer and glioma cells.

Mivacurium chloride is a non-depolarizing NMJ blocker and nAChR antagonist used as an anesthetic. It inhibits skeletal muscle contractility and prevents atrial fibrillation.

Monensin sodium is an ionophore and inhibitor of autophagy commercially used in livestock feed. It inhibits autophagy, interfering with the fusion of the autophagosome and the lysosome.

Moniliformin is a mycotoxin and potential dehydrogenase inhibitor found in Fusarium. It decreases collage synthesis, suppresses endocytosis, and may damage myocardial tissue.

Myclobutanil is a 14-α demethylase inhibitor that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and fungal cell wall formation. It also weakly inhibits testosterone production.

Nadifloxacin is a bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitor used to treat acne vulgaris. It inhibits Proponibacterium-stimulated cytokine expression and decreases production of oxidative radicals by neutrophils.

Naphazoline HCl is an α1-Adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat congestion and ocular pathologies. It also induces autophagy and necrotic cell death in erythroleukemia cells and inhibits erythroid differentiation.

Naphazoline nitrate is α1-Adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat congestion and ocular pathologies. It also induces autophagy and necrotic cell death in erythroleukemia cells and inhibits erythroid differentiation.

beta-Naphthoflavone is a AhR agonist and antioxidant. It inhibits cigarette smoked-induced DNA damage and tumor development and induces cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells.

D-(+)-Neopterin is an endogenous pteridine metabolite of GTP used as an endogenous biomarker of cellular immune response and oxidative stress.

Nifursol is a livestock feed additive and antiobiotic used to prevent the growth of histomonas.

HLI373 is a water-soluble inhibitor of Hdm2. HLI373 is effective in inducing apoptosis of several tumor cells lines that are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. HLI373 could serve as a potential lead for developing cancer therapeutics based on inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase activity of Hdm2.

J1038 is a novel Inhibitor of Histone Deacetylase 8 (HDAC8).

GQ-16 is an effective inhibitor of Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ. GQ-16 improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mouse models of obesity and diabetes without inducing weight gain or edema.

PF-04981517, also known as CYP3cide, is a potent and selective time dependent inactivator of Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). CYP3cide is a very useful tool for understanding the relative roles of CYP3A4 versus CYP3A5 and the impact of CYP3A5 genetic polymorphism on a compound's pharmacokinetics.

LPA5-IN-4 is the first non-lipid, small-molecule inhibitor for LPA5/GPR92, specifically inhibiting LPA-mediated platelet activation in vitro.

NMS-E973 is a novel, selective and potent inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). NMS-E973 displays significant efficacy in a human ovarian A2780 xenograft tumor model, with a mechanism of action confirmed in vivo by typical modulation of known Hsp90 client proteins, and with a favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile. The efficacy profile of NMS-E973 suggests a potential for development in different clinical settings, including tumors that have become resistant to molecular targeted agents, particularly in cases of tumors which reside beyond the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

4-Azido-L-phenylalanine, also known as azF, is a genetically-encoded molecular probe. azF is used to study GPCRs in their native cellular environment or under detergent solubilized conditions.

Chlorfenson is used to treat onychomycosis (nail fungus) as the primary indication.

Monocrotophos is an organophosphate insecticide that blocks monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase.

BTT-3033 is a α2β1 integrin inhibitor. BTT-3033 blocks platelet attachment under flow (90 dynes/cm(2)). The action of BTT-3033, unlike that of BTT-3034, was dependent on Tyr-285.

CU-CPT22 is the first probe for the complex between toll-like receptors TLR1 and TLR2. CU-CPT22 binds at the interface of TLR1 and TLR2 (IC50 = 0.58 μM).

SJA6017, also known as Calpain Inhibitor VI, is a calpain inhibitor (calpain-1; IC50 = 7.5 nM) and m-calpain (calpain-2; IC50 = 78 nM). It also inhibits cathepsins B and L (IC50s = 15 and 1.6 nM, respectively). Treatment with SJA6017 reduces apoptotic cell death, preserves spinal cord tissue and improves functional outcome. Treating calpain-induced apoptosis with this agent may be a feasible therapeutic strategy for patients with spinal cord injury.

D-AP7 is a specific NMDA antagonist and is the more active form of DL-AP7. D-AP7 enhanced motility, exhibited anxiogenic-like effect and impaired consolidation in passive avoidance.

SSD114 is a GABAB positive allosteric modulator. SSD114 potentiated GABA-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding to native GABAB receptors, whereas it had no effect when used alone. SSD114, a molecule with a different chemical structure compared to known GABAB PAMs, is a novel GABAB PAM with potential usefulness in the GABAB-receptor research field.

ABH , also known as Amino-2-Borono-6-Hexanoic Acid, is an arginase inhibitor, enhancing both male and female sexual arousal responses.

SCH 336 is a potent, selective, inverse and orally active CB2 agonist. SCH 336 inhibits BaF3/CB2 migration. SCH 336 significantly inhibits the migration of leukocytes in vivo. SCH 336 blocks ovalbumin-induced lung eosinophilia in mice.

RQ-00311651 is a novel T-type Ca2+ channel blocker, in distinct rodent models for neuropathic and visceral pain. RQ-00311651 strongly suppressed T currents when tested at holding potentials of -65 ～ -60 mV, but not -80 mV, in the Cav3.1- or Cav3.2-expressing cells. RQ-00311651 also inhibited high K-induced Ca signaling in those cells.

YD2 is a porphyrin sensitizer. YD2 is a useful material for making solar cell. Cosensitization of YD2-o-C8 with another organic dye enhances the performance of the device, leading to a measured power conversion efficiency of 12.3% under simulated air mass 1.5 global sunlight.

UBP608 is NMDA receptor family allosteric modulator that selectively inhibits GluN1/GluN2A receptors with a 23-fold selectivity compared to GluN1/GluN2D receptors.

UBP714 is a derivative of the NMDA receptor negative allosteric modulator UBP608 (SML0606). UBP714 also enhanced NMDAR mediated field EPSPs in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. UBP714 is therefore a novel template for the development of potent and subunit selective NMDAR potentiators that may have therapeutic applicability in the treatment of patients with cognitive deficits or schizophrenia.

GNE-9278 is a potent and selective NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator that acts via the transmembrane domain. Mutation of a single residue near the Lurcher motif on GluN1 M3 can convert GNE-9278 modulation from positive to negative, and replacing three AMPAR pre-M1 residues with corresponding NMDAR residues can confer GNE-9278 sensitivity to AMPARs. Modulation by GNE-9278 is state-dependent and significantly alters extracellular domain pharmacology.

ML204 is a novel and potential TRPC4 Channel inhibitor. ML204 inhibited TRPC4β-mediated intracellular Ca(2+) rise with an IC(50) value of 0.96 μm and exhibited 19-fold selectivity against muscarinic receptor-coupled TRPC6 channel activation. ML204 represents an excellent novel tool for investigation of TRPC4 channel function and may facilitate the development of therapeutics targeted to TRPC4.

MDK6574, also known as FAA1 agonist-1, is a FAA1 agonist. MDK6574 has CAS#2102196-57-4. The last 4 digit of its CAS# is used for naming for the convenience of scientific communication.

PF-06465469 is a potent, covalent inhibitor of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Itk (IL-2 inducible T-cell kinase), which is expressed primarily in immune cells, and is strongly upregulated following activation of T-cells. PF-06465469 inhibits Itk enzymatic activity with an IC50 of 2 nM.

Anavex2-73 is a muscarinic/σ1 ligand. ANAVEX2-73 (0.01-3.0 mg/kg i.p.) alleviated the scopolamine- and dizocilpine-induced learning impairments. ANAVEX2-73 (300 μg/kg) also reversed the learning deficits in mice injected with Aβ(25-35) peptide, a non-transgenic Alzheimer's disease model. The neuroprotective activity of ANAVEX2-73, its mixed cholinergic/σ(1) activity, its low active dose range and its long duration of action together reinforce its therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease.

L-p-Bromotetramisole is a cell-permeable inhibitor of all four human AP isoenzymes (Kis =18 and 56 μM for PLAP and NSAP, respectively).