Phrixotoxin 3 is a potent blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels, with IC50s of 0.6, 42, 72, 288, 610 nM for NaV1.2, NaV1.3, NaV1.4, NaV1.1 and NaV1.5, respectively. Phrixotoxin 3 modulates voltage-gated sodium channels with properties similar to those of typical gating-modifier toxins, both by causing a depolarizing shift in gating kinetics and by blocking the inward component of the sodium current.

Propafenone (SA-79) is an orally active sodium channel blocking agent and a beta-adrenoceptor (β-adrenergic receptor) antagonist. Propafenone offers a broad spectrum of activity in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.

BI-9627 hydrochloride is potent sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) inhibitor, with IC50s of 6 and 31 nM in intracellular pH recovery (pHi) and human platelet swelling assays, respectively. BI-9627 hydrochloride displays >30-fold selectivity against NHE2 and with no measurable inhibitory activity against the NHE3 isoform. BI-9627 hydrochloride shows low DDI (drug-drug interaction) potential, excellent pharmacokinetics in rat and dog, and remarkably potent activity in the isolated heart model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Lu AE98134 is a potent and selective positive modulator of NaV1.1 channels and also activates NaV1.6 channels.Lu AE98134 normalizes the altered firing properties of fast spiking interneurons (FSINs) in Dlx5/6+/- mice and can be used for the research of cognitive restoring in schizophrenia.

APETx2 TFA, a sea anemone peptide from Anthopleura elegantissima, is a selective and reversible ASIC3 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 63 nM. APETx2 directly inhibits the ASIC3 channel by acting at its external side. APETx2 could reverses acid‐induced and inflammatory pain.

APETx2, a sea anemone peptide from Anthopleura elegantissima, is a selective and reversible ASIC3 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 63 nM. APETx2 directly inhibits the ASIC3 channel by acting at its external side. APETx2 could reverses acid‐induced and inflammatory pain.

Huwentoxin-IV TFA is a potent and selective sodium channel blocker, inhibits neuronal Nav1.7, Nav1.2, Nav1.3 and Nav1.4 with IC50s of 26, 150, 338 and 400 nM, respectively. Huwentoxin-IV TFA preferentially blocks peripheral nerve subtype Nav1.7 by binding neurotoxin receptor site 4. Huwentoxin-IV TFA has analgesic effects on animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.

Huwentoxin-IV is a potent and selective sodium channel blocker, inhibits neuronal Nav1.7, Nav1.2, Nav1.3 and Nav1.4 with IC50s of 26, 150, 338 and 400 nM, respectively. Huwentoxin-IV preferentially blocks peripheral nerve subtype Nav1.7 by binding neurotoxin receptor site 4. Huwentoxin-IV has analgesic effects on animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.

β-Pompilidotoxin TFA (β-PMTX TFA), a wasp venom, can slow sodium channel inactivation and increases steady-state sodium current in cells.

β-Pompilidotoxin (β-PMTX), a wasp venom, can slow sodium channel inactivation and increases steady-state sodium current in cells.

Cyfluthrin is a type II pyrethroid and has effects on various insects. Cyfluthrin is a modulator of Nav1.8 sodium channels by repetitive stimulation. Cyfluthrin can be applied in agriculture,veterinary, insecticide,pyrethroid and stored product.

Indoxacarb ((±)-Indoxacarb) is a broad-spectrum oxadiazine insecticide. Indoxacarb is metabolized in vivo to its active N-decarbomethoxyllated metabolite DCJW. Indoxacarb suppresses voltage-gated sodium channel currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Bifenthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that prolongs opening of sodium channels resulting in membrane depolarization and conductance block in the insect nervous system. Bifenthrin is effective against A. gambiae and C. quinquefasciatus mosquitos (LD50s = 0.15 and 0.16 ng/mg, respectively) and increases O. insidiosus mortality in treated corn and sorghum plants.

Mepivacaine is an amide-type local anesthetic agent. Mepivacaine binds to specific voltage-gated sodium ion channels in neuronal cell membranes, which inhibits both sodium influx and membrane depolarization.

Brevetoxin B (Brevetoxin-2; PbTx-2) is a polyketide neurotoxin produced by Karenia species and other dinoflagellates. Brevetoxin B binds to site 5 on the alpha subunit of voltage-gated sodium channels (IC50=15 nM) on neurons at the neuromuscular junction, causing the channel to open irreversibly at potentials more negative than normal, discharging action potentials repetitively. Brevetoxin B is ichthyotoxic at nanomolar concentrations and is responsible for an illness described as neurotoxic shellfish poisoning.

PF-06305591 dihydrate is a potent and highly selective voltage gated sodium channel NaV1.8 blocker, with an IC50 of 15 nM. An excellent preclinical in vitro ADME and safety profile.

QAQ dichloride, a photoswitchable voltage-gated Nav and Kv channels blocker, blocks channels in its trans form (of the azobenzene photoswitch), but not in its cis form. QAQ dichloride is membrane-impermeant and only infiltrates pain-sensing neurons that express endogenous import channels. QAQ dichloride acts as a light-sensitive analgesic and can be used for studying of signaling mechanisms in acute and chronic pain.

TPC2-A1-P is a powerful membrane-permeant Na+-selective two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) agonist. TPC2-A1-P activates a Na+ current and promotes endosome fusion with the plasma membrane. TPC2-A1-P can be used to probe different functions of TPC2 channels in intact cells.

Nav1.7-IN-2 is an inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav), in particular Nav 1.7, with IC50 of 80 nM.

Voluloride is a conjunctival epithelial cell sodium channel (ENaC) blocker.

PF-06526290 is a potent, selective Nav1.3 inhibitor with IC50 of 5.1 uM, interact with the Domain 4 voltage sensor domain (D4 VSD and shows no activity for Nav1.7.

VGSC blocker 4 is a potent, small molecule blocker of neonatal isoform of the VGSC subtype, Nav1.5 (nNav1.5), blocks INa peak currents 25% at 1 uM; inhibits cell invasion 28% at 1 uM in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, without affecting the cell viability..

Tocainide hydrochloride is a sodium channel blocker, it blocks the sodium channels in the pain-producing foci in the nerve membranes. Tocainide hydrochloride is a primary amine analog of lidocaine, can be used for the treatment of tinnitus.

N-Methyl Duloxetine hydrochloride is an analgesic. N-Methyl Duloxetine (hydrochloride) elicits both tonic and use-dependent block of neuronal Na+ channels.

SLC13A5-IN-1 is a selective sodium-citrate co-transporter (SLC13A5) inhibitor. SLC13A5-IN-1 completely blocks the uptake of 14C-citrate with an IC50 value of 0.022 μM in HepG2 cells. SLC13A5-IN-1 has the potential for the treatment of metabolic and/or cardiovascular diseases. SLC13A5-IN-1 is extracted from patent WO2018104220A1, Compound I-5.

Brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3) is a potent allosteric voltage-gated Na+ channel activator and has multiple active centers (A-ring lactone, C-42 of R side chain). Brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3) has a high affinity to site 5 of the voltage-sensitive Na+ channels, inhibits the inactivation of Na+ channels and prolongs the mean open time of these channels. Brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3) repeated exposures can lead to prolonged airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung inflammation.

GDC-0276 is a potent, selective, reversible and orally active NaV1.7 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.4 nM. GDC-0276 is well tolerated and exhibits a good pharmacokinetic profile. GDC-0276 has the potential for the treatment of pain and to address shortcomings of existing pain medications, such as addiction and off-target side effects.

QX-314 chloride is a membrane-impermeable permanently charged sodium channel blocker.

Zoniporide (CP-597396) hydrochloride hydrate is a potent and selective inhibitor of sodium-hydrogen exchanger type 1 (NHE-1). Zoniporide hydrochloride hydrate inhibits human NHE-1 (IC50=14 nM), and has >150-fold selectivity versus other NHE isoforms. Zoniporide hydrochloride hydrate potently inhibits ex vivo NHE-1-dependent swelling of human platelets (IC50=59 nM).

QX-314 bromide is a membrane-impermeable permanently charged sodium channel blocker.