[(3R)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl]-L-carnitine is an endogenous metabolite.

NHC-diphosphate is an active phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) as a diphosphate form. NHC is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside and behaves as a potent anti-virus agent. NHC effectively inhibits the replication of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Ternidazole hydrochloride is a hydroxymetabolite of nitroimidazole, has antiprotozoic properties.

Toltrazuril sulfoxide is a short-lived intermediary metabolite of Toltrazuril, and then can be metabolized to the reactive toltrazuril sulfone (TZR-SO2) in vivo. Toltrazuril is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon Coccidia parasites.

N-β-alanyldopamine hydrochloride (NBAD hydrochloride) is the major dopamine derivative in haemolymph.

2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (dATP) is a nucleotide used in cells for DNA synthesis (or replication), as a substrate of DNA polymerase.

2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate trisodium (dATP trisodium) is a nucleotide used in cells for DNA synthesis (or replication), as a substrate of DNA polymerase.

Norepinephrine tartrate (Levarterenol tartrate), a naturally occurring chemical in the body that acts as both a stress hormone and neurotransmitter, is a β1-selective adrenergic receptor agonist with EC50 of 5.37 μM.

NT1-O12B, an endogenous chemical and a neurotransmitter-derived lipidoid (NT-lipidoid), is an effective carrier for enhanced brain delivery of several blood-brain barrier (BBB)-impermeable cargos. Doping NT1-O12B into BBB-impermeable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) gives the LNPs the ability to cross the BBB. NT-lipidoids formulation not only facilitate cargo crossing of the BBB, but also delivery of the cargo into neuronal cells for functional gene silencing or gene recombination.

Methyl phenylacetate is an endogenous metabolite.

1,3-Butanediol, an ethanol dimer providing a source of calories for human nutrition. 1,3-Butanediol is converted in the body to β-hydroxybutyrate and has cerebral protective and hypoglycaemic effect.

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine tosylate (S-Adenosyl methionine tosylate) is produced endogenously from methionine and ATP by action of the enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase and is an important orally active methyl group donor. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine tosylate is a dietary supplement with potent antidepressant and analgesic effects, and has the potential for liver disease and osteoarthritis research.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt (DHEAS) is the most abundant circulating steroid in human. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt (DHEAS) affects steroid hormone biosynthesis on a molecular level resulting in an increased formation of pregnenolone.

Allantoic acid is a degradative product of uric acid and associated with purine metabolism.

ATP dipotassium (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate dipotassium) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo, provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP dipotassium is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation.

Indole-2-carboxylic acid is a strong inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Indole-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA) specifically and competitively inhibits the potentiation by glycine of NMDA-gated current.

Lumisterol (9β,10α-Ergosterol), a steroid compound, is the (9β,10α)-stereoisomer of Ergosterol. Lumisterol is a photoprotective agent against UVB-induced DNA damage and anti-proliferative activities.

D-Valine is the enantiomer of L-Valine. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. L-Valine is an essential amino acid.

Propylparaben sodium (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben sodium is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben sodium disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben sodium also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats.

(S)-Higenamine ((S)-Norcoclaurine), a S-enantiomer of Higenamine, is the entry compound in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. (S)-Higenamine is produced by the condensation of dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (4-HPAA) by norcoclaurine synthase (NCS).

(S)-Higenamine ((S)-Norcoclaurine) hydrobromide, a S-enantiomer of Higenamine, is the entry compound in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. (S)-Higenamine hydrobromide is produced by the condensation of dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (4-HPAA) by norcoclaurine synthase (NCS).

O-Desmethylangolensin is a metabolite of soy isoflavone, daidzein metabolized by gut microbiota. O-Desmethylangolensin possesses antioxidant activity.