(S)-(+)-O-Desmethyl Venlafaxine D6 is the deuterium labeled (S)-(+)-O-Desmethyl Venlafaxine. O-Desmethyl Venlafaxine is an active metabolite of Venlafaxine. Venlafaxine is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class.

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine tosylate (S-Adenosyl methionine tosylate) is produced endogenously from methionine and ATP by action of the enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase and is an important orally active methyl group donor. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine tosylate is a dietary supplement with potent antidepressant and analgesic effects, and has the potential for liver disease and osteoarthritis research.

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt (DHEAS) is the most abundant circulating steroid in human. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate sodium salt (DHEAS) affects steroid hormone biosynthesis on a molecular level resulting in an increased formation of pregnenolone.

Acephate is an anticholinesterase insecticide that produces cholinotoxicity. Acephate displays weak inhibition of rat AChE but potently inhibits cockroach AChE.

Uniconazole is a plant growth regulator that functions by inhibiting cytochrome P450 707As (Ki=68 nM), a family of enzymes that catabolize Abscisic acid, and thus, suppress gibberellin and sterol biosynthesis.

Allantoic acid is a degradative product of uric acid and associated with purine metabolism.

Fluazifop-P-butyl, a graminicide from arylophenoxypropionate group, is a acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor.

ATP dipotassium (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate dipotassium) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo, provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP dipotassium is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation.

Resorufin methyl ether (Methoxyresorufin) is a cytochrome P450 fluorometric substrate. Resorufin methyl ether is a relatively specific substrate for CYP1A2 activity in rodents.

7-Ethoxyresorufin (Resorufin ethyl ether) is a fluorometric substrate and competitive inhibitor of cytochrome P450, especially CYP1A1. 7-Ethoxyresorufin also inhibits NO synthase.

N-Desmethyl imatinib mesylate (Norimatinib mesylate) is a metabolite of Imatinib. Imatinib is a multi-target inhibitor of v-Abl, c-Kit and PDGFR.

Indole-2-carboxylic acid is a strong inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Indole-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA) specifically and competitively inhibits the potentiation by glycine of NMDA-gated current.

Lumisterol (9β,10α-Ergosterol), a steroid compound, is the (9β,10α)-stereoisomer of Ergosterol. Lumisterol is a photoprotective agent against UVB-induced DNA damage and anti-proliferative activities.

α-Angelica lactone is a naturally occurring anticarcinogen and an vinylogous nucleophile. α-Angelica lactone can give the chiral δ-amino γ,γ-disubstituted butenolide carbonyl derivatives and exhibitselectrophilic trapping at the γ-carbon. α-Angelica lactone exerts strong chemoprotective effects by selective enhancement of glutathione-S-thansferase (GST) and UDP-glucononosyltransferase (UGT) detoxification enzymes.

D-Valine is the enantiomer of L-Valine. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. L-Valine is an essential amino acid.

Jatrorrhizine?hydroxide is an alkaloid isolated from?Coptis chinensis with neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities. Jatrorrhizine hydroxide is a potent and orally active inhibitor of?AChE?(IC50=872 nM) over >115-fold selectivity for BuChE. Jatrorrhizine hydroxide reduces uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) via inhibition of uptake-2 transporters.

Vomifoliol, a compound related to abscisie acid (ABA), has a modified 2,4-pentadiene side chain and has activity equal to that displayed by ABA. Vomifoliol exhibits antiacetylcholinesterase activity and displays moderate antileishmanial activity.

3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP), isolated from Picea Schrenkiana Needles exhibits a strong suppressive action against tyrosinase activity, with an IC50 of 10 μM. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) is a vasoactive agent and antioxidant.

3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ), a main constituent of Rhamnus nakaharai, inhibits total cAMP and cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) of guinea pig trachealis. 3-O-Methylquercetin (3-MQ) exhibits IC50 values of 31.9 μM， 86.9 μM， 18.6 μM and 1.6 μM for PDE1, PDE5, PDE2 and PDE4, respectively.

Propylparaben sodium (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben sodium is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben sodium disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben sodium also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats.

(S)-Higenamine ((S)-Norcoclaurine), a S-enantiomer of Higenamine, is the entry compound in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. (S)-Higenamine is produced by the condensation of dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (4-HPAA) by norcoclaurine synthase (NCS).

(S)-Higenamine ((S)-Norcoclaurine) hydrobromide, a S-enantiomer of Higenamine, is the entry compound in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. (S)-Higenamine hydrobromide is produced by the condensation of dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (4-HPAA) by norcoclaurine synthase (NCS).

Picfeltarraenin X, a triterpenoid isolated from Picria fel-terrae Lour, is an AChE inhibitor.

Physostigmine hemisulfate (Eserine hemisulfate) is a potent cholinesterase inhibitor. Physostigmine hemisulfate crosses the blood-brain barrier and stimulates central cholinergic neurotransmission. Physostigmine hemisulfate induces reanimation from isoflurane anesthesia in adult rats.

Osthenol (Ostenol), a prenylated coumarin isolated from the dried roots of Angelica pubescens, is selective, reversible, and competitive human monoamine oxidase-A (hMAO-A) inhibitor (Ki=0.26 μM). Osthenol potently inhibits recombinant hMAO-A with an IC50 of 0.74 μM and shows a high selectivity index for hMAO-A versus hMAO-B.

(+)-Afzelechin, isolated from rhizomes of Bergenia ligulata, is an alpha-glucosidase activity inhibitor with an ID50 (50% inhibition dose) value of 0.13 mM. (+)-Afzelechin can delay the absorption of carbohydrates in food to suppress postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.

Ayanin is a bioflavonoid isolated from Croton schiedeanus Schlecht. Ayanin is a non-selective phosphodiesterase1-4 inhibitor and can be used for the study of respiratory disease,such as allergic asthma et al.

β-Amyrenonol (11-Oxo-β-amyrin), an oleanolic-type triterpenoid in licorice roots, is a precursor of Glycyrrhetinic acid. β-Amyrenonol has anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities, and β-Amyrenonol could function as the skeleton for the synthesis of many triterpenoids.

Oxyresveratrol 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a phenolic compound isolated from Morus nigra root and is an effective tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 29.75 μM.

Oxyresveratrol 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a phenolic compound isolated from Morus nigra root and is an effective tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.64 μM.

O-Desmethylangolensin is a metabolite of soy isoflavone, daidzein metabolized by gut microbiota. O-Desmethylangolensin possesses antioxidant activity.

Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride (Ideain chloride) is a component from extract peel of hawthorn fruit (EPHF) with the value of 179.4 mg/g. EPHF exhibits strong AChE inhibitory activity.

Sinapine hydroxide is an alkaloid isolated from seeds of the cruciferous species. Sinapine hydroxide exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and radio-protective effects. Sinapine hydroxide is also an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, ataxia, myasthenia gravis, and Parkinson’s disease.

Ilexsaponin B2 is a saponin isolated from the root of Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. Ilexsaponin B2 is a potent phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and PDEI inhibitor with IC50 values of 48.8 μM and 477.5 μM, respectively.

Lycoramine hydrobromide, a dihydro-derivative of galanthamine, is isolated from Lycoris radiate. Lycoramine hydrobromide is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.

Nε,Nε,Nε-Trimethyllysine chloride serves as a precursor for gut flora-dependent formation of N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA).

Icariside D2, isolated from Annona glabra fruit, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme. Icariside D2 shows significant cytotoxic activity on the HL-60 cell line with the IC50 value of 9.0 ± 1.0 μM. Icariside D2 induces apoptosis .

all-trans-Anhydro Retinol (Anhydrovitamin A) is a metabolite of Vitamin A. all-trans-Anhydro Retinol is used in synthetic multivitamin preparations.

Homovanillyl alcohol is a biological metabolite of Hydroxytyrosol. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic compound that is present in virgin olive oil (VOO) and wine. Homovanillyl alcohol protects red blood cells (RBCs) from oxidative injury and has protective effect on cardiovascular disease.

Senecionine acetate (O-Acetylsenecionine) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Senecionine acetate inhibits the sequestration of Ca2+ in extramitochondrial and mitochondrial compartments possibly by inactivating free sulfhydryl groups.

Chrysophanol-1-O-β-gentiobioside, an anthraquinone glycoside isolated from Cassia obtusifolia seeds. Chrysophanol-1-O-β-gentiobioside shows selective inhibition of hMAO-A isozyme activity (IC50=96.15 μM).

Chrysophanol triglucoside is an anthraquinone isolated from Cassia obtusifolia, inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase with IC50s of 80.17 and 197.06 μM, respectively. Chrysophanol triglucoside has the potential for diabetes research.

Rubrofusarin triglucoside is a glycoside compound isolated from Cassia obtusifolia Linn seeds. Rubrofusarin triglucoside inhibits human monoamine oxidase A (hMAO-A) with an IC50 of 85.5 μM.

Tectol, isolated from Lippia sidoides, exhibits significant activity against human leukemia cell lines HL60 and CEM. Tectol is a farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitor with IC50s of 2.09 and 1.73 μM for human and T. brucei FTase, respectively. Tectol inhibits drug-resistant strain of P. falciparum (FcB1) with an IC50 of 3.44 μM.

Azaleatin is an O-methylated flavonol isolated from Rhododendron species. Azaleatin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor. Azaleatin can be used for the research of type-2 diabetes and obesity.

Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is an isoflavone isolated from extracts of Potentilla astracanica. Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a potent and uncompetitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase, with an IC50 of 56.05 μg/mL. Prunetin 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used for the research of type-2 diabetes.

Paeoniflorgenin is a deglucosylated metabolite of Paeoniflorin.

Ferulic acid acyl-β-D-glucoside is a metabolite of Ferulic Acid. Ferulic acid is a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3.78 and 12.5 μM for FGFR1 and FGFR2, respectively.

Orotidine 5′-monophosphate is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside and plays a role as an endogenous metabolite of human, E. coli or mouse. Orotidine 5′-monophosphate is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of?uridine monophosphate (UMP). Orotidine 5′-monophosphate can be used for the study of mechanism of orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase.

Kushenol B is an isoprenoid flavonoid isolated from S. flavescens, has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Kushenol B has inhibitory activity against cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE), with an IC50 of 31 μM.

Melittin TFA is a PLA2 activator, stimulates the activity of the low molecular weight PLA2, while it does not the increase activity of the high molecular weight PLA2.

Enterostatin (human,mouse,rat) TFA is a pentapeptide mainly formed in the intestine by the cleavage of secreted pancreatic procolipase. Enterostatin ?selectively reduces fat intake, bodyweight, and body fat in vivo.

Guanylin(human), a 15-amino acid peptide, is an endogenous intestinal guanylate cyclase activator. Guanylin(human) is mainly found in gastrointestinal tract which regulates electrolytead water transport in intestinal and renal epithelia through cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism.

Guanylin(human) TFA, a 15-amino acid peptide, is an endogenous intestinal guanylate cyclase activator. Guanylin(human) TFA is mainly found in gastrointestinal tract which regulates electrolytead water transport in intestinal and renal epithelia through cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism.

Calcineurin autoinhibitory peptide is a selective inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (calcineurin), with an IC50 of ~10 μM. Calcineurin autoinhibitory peptide could protect neurons from excitatory neuronal death.

Calcineurin autoinhibitory peptide TFA is a selective inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (calcineurin), with an IC50 of ~10 μM. Calcineurin autoinhibitory peptide TFA could protect neurons from excitatory neuronal death.

CTTHWGFTLC, CYCLIC TFA is a cyclic peptide inhibitor for matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. The IC50 value for MMP-9 is ~8 μM.

[pTyr5] EGFR (988-993) TFA is derived from the autophosphorylation site (Tyr992) of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR 988-993). [pTyr5] EGFR (988-993) TFA is often complexed with the catalytically inactive protein-tyrosine phosphate 1B (PTP1B).

Atrial natriuretic factor (1-28) (human, porcine) (Atrial natriuretic peptide (1-28)) is an endogenous peptide produced by the heart, involved in blood pressure regulation. Atrial natriuretic factor (1-28) (human, porcine) produces natriuresis, diuresis and vasorelaxation in vivo.

Defensin HNP-1 human is a Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs), involved in endothelial cell dysfunction at the time of early atherosclerotic development.Defensin HNP-1 human can regulate the growth of atherosclerosis.

Defensin HNP-2 human is an endogenous antibiotic peptide and monocyte chemotactic peptide produced by human neutrophils.

Cecropin P1, porcine is an antibacterial peptide originally identified in moths (Hyalophora cecropia) and later in pig intestine.

Cathepsin D and E FRET Substrate is a fluorogenic substrate for cathepsins D and E and not for B, H or L. The cleavage occurs at the Phe-Phe amide bond resul. Cathepsin D and E FRET Substrate is a valuable tool for routine assays and for mechanistic studies on cathepsins E and D.

(E)-10-Hydroxynortriptyline (E-10-OH-NT) is a metabolite of Nortriptyline. Nortriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant and the main active metabolite of Amitriptyline, and is used to relieve the symptoms of depression.

D-Allothreonine is the D type stereoisomer of Allothreonine. D-Allothreonine is a peptido-lipid derived from bacteria. D-Allothreonine, amide-linked to the D-galacturonic acid, is also a constituent in the polysaccharide.

4-Carboxypyrazole is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Bromo-4'-hydroxyacetophenone a PTP1B inhibitor, with a Ki of 42 μM.

2,6-Dimethylhydroquinone is an endogenous metabolite.

m-Anisaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

1,2-Cyclohexanedione is an endogenous metabolite.

2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

Methyl 3-phenylpropanoate is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

3-Hydroxy-4-aminopyridine is an endogenous metabolite.

HMMNI (Hydroxy dimetridazole) is a hydroxy metabolite of Dimetridazole. Dimetridazole is a nitroimidazole class drug that combats protozoan infections.

H-Val-Tyr-OH is an endogenous metabolite.

Dibenzyl disulfide is an endogenous metabolite.

D-Asparagine (H-D-Asn-OH) is a competitive inhibitor of L-Asparagine hydrolysis with a Ki value of 0.24 mM. D-Asparagine is a source of nitrogen for yeast strains. D-Asparagine is a good substrate for the external yeast asparaginase but is a poor substrate for the internal enzyme.

Sulcatone is an endogenous metabolite.

Imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium (β-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium) is a metabolite that is elevated in type I diabetes. 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium can modulate the properties of membrane lipids.

2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Methylcyclohexanone is an endogenous metabolite.

Tetrahydrothiophen-3-one is an endogenous metabolite.

Monobenzyl phthalate (2-((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)benzoic acid) is the urinary metabolite exposuring to phthalates, such as, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP).

N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan is an endogenous metabolite.

DL-Tryptophan is an endogenous metabolite.

D-Histidine is an enantiomer of L-histidine. L-Histidine is an essential amino acid for infants. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport.

Benzylideneacetone is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Ethylbenzaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Methylacetophenone is an endogenous metabolite.

p-Tolualdehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

D-Threonine (H-D-Thr-OH) is an enantiomer of L-threonine. D-Threonine is a metabolite of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) is the metabolite of Furazolidone. 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone is always be detected as a indicator of furazolidone residues in vivo.

3-Methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one is an endogenous metabolite.

3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Naphthoxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

Acetylvaline is an endogenous metabolite.

2',4'-Dimethylacetophenone is an endogenous metabolite.

1,4-Dimethoxybenzene is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Ethoxyphenol is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Hydroxybenzyl cyanide is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Amino-L-phenylalanine is an endogenous metabolite.

L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate is a conditionally essential amino acid, which acts as a precursor for biologically active molecules such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S), glutathione and taurine. L-Cysteine hydrochloride hydrate suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.

4-Methylbiphenyl is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an endogenous metabolite.

Carveol is an endogenous metabolite.

Mesitaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

(Ethoxymethyl)benzene is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Phenylacetamide is an endogenous metabolite.

Methyl p-tert-butylphenylacetate is an endogenous metabolite.

Cyclohexaneacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

Meconine is an endogenous metabolite.

2-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

N4-Acetylcytidine is an endogenous metabolite.

Ethoxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

3,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Methylbenzoxazole is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Acetyl-3-ethylpyrazine is an endogenous metabolite.

L-Alanyl-L-leucine is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Ethylpyrazine is an endogenous metabolite.

4-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanone is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Piperidone is an endogenous metabolite.

2-Benzylsuccinic acid (DL-Benzylsuccinic acid) is an potent inhibitor of carboxypeptidase A (CPA).

N,N,O-Tridesmethylvenlafaxine is an endogenous metabolite.

L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

1-Methylhistamine dihydrochloride is a histamine metabolite.

Spinacine is an endogenous metabolite.

L-Prolylglycine is an endogenous metabolite.

4,4-Dimethoxy-2-butanone is an endogenous metabolite.

2,6-Dihydroxyacetophenone is an endogenous metabolite.

3-Indoleacetonitrile is an endogenous metabolite.

Phenoxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

1-Dodecanol is an endogenous metabolite.

D-Leucine is a more potent anti-seizure agent than L-leucine. D-leucine potently terminates seizures even after the onset of seizure activity. D-leucine, but not L-leucine, reduces long-term potentiation but had no effect on basal synaptic transmission in vitro.

2-Methylbenzaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

D-Tyrosine is the D-isomer of tyrosine. D-Tyrosine negatively regulates melanin synthesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activity. D-Tyrosine inhibits biofilm formation and trigger the self-dispersal of biofilms without suppressing bacterial growth.

4-Pentenoic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

3,4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine is an endogenous metabolite.

Methoxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite.

Monomethyl phthalate is a phthalate metabolite. Monomethyl phthalate acts as a urinary biomarker of phthalates exposure and can be used as a standard for the determination of thyroid cancer and benign nodule.

Diphenyl disulfide is an endogenous metabolite.

Dimethyl sulfone is an endogenous metabolite.

Hydroxyacetone is an endogenous metabolite.

2,6-Dibromophenol is an endogenous metabolite.

Vicenin 1 is a C-glycosylflavone isolated from the aerial parts of Desmodium styracifolium, has any effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)(IC50=52.50 μM).

Isolimonexic acid is a limonoid isolated from lemon (Citrus lemon L. Burm) seed, has anti-cancer and anti-aromatase (IC50=25.60 μM) properties.

SID 26681509 quarterhydrate is a potent, reversible, competitive, and selective of human cathepsin L with an IC50 of 56 nM. SID 26681509 quarterhydrate inhibits in vitro propagation of malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and inhibits Leishmania major with IC50s of 15.4 μM and 12.5 μM, respectively. SID 26681509 quarterhydrate shows noy activity against cathepsin G.

POMHEX, a racemic mixture and a cell-permeable pivaloyloxymethyl (POM) prodrug of HEX, is a potent, ENO2-specific of enolase. POMHEX exhibits low-nanomolar potency against ENO1-deleted cells in vitro and is capable of eradicating ENO1-deleted xenografted tumours in vivo. POMHEX is a potent glycolysis.

IDO-IN-6 (NLG-1486) is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) extracted from patent WO WO2012142237A1, Compound 1486, has an IC50 of <1 μM.

IDO-IN-8 (NLG-1487) is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) extracted from patent WO WO2012142237A1, compound 1487, has an IC50 of 1-10 μM.

Autotaxin modulator 1 is an autotaxin (ATX) enzyme, extracted from patent WO 2014018881 A1, Compound Example 12b. Autotaxin modulator 1 is expected to be useful for researching demyelination due to injury or disease, as well as for researching proliferative disorders such as cancer.

LY-411575 isomer 3 is an isomer of LY411575, which is a potent γ-secretase.

NCGC00092410 is a potent, selective, and nonsugar glucocerebrosidase (GC), with an IC50 of 31 nM. NCGC00092410 shows no activity against the related hydrolases at concentrations up to 77 μM. NCGC00092410 is a GC chaperone and increases the activity and lysosomal localization of glucocerebrosidase in mutant cell lines. NCGC00092410 can be used for the research of Gaucher disease.

Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 hydrobromide (compound 49) is a potent mitochondrial (IC50=8.8 mg/ml) extracted from patent US20110301180A1, compound 49. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 hydrobromide significantly reduces mitochondrial respiration in platelets.

MPP+ iodide, a toxic metabolite of the neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ iodide is taken up by the dopamine transporter into dopaminergic neurons where it exerts its neurotoxic action on mitochondria by affecting complex I of the respiratory chain. MPP+ iodide is also a high affinity substrate for the serotonin transporter (SERT).

Dasatinib metabolite M6 (Dasatinib carboxylic acid) is an oxidative metabolite of Dasatinib. Dasatinib is a potent and orally active dual Bcr-Abl and Src family tyrosine kinase.

N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-oxamic acid is formed when Metronidazole is reduced either chemically or by the action of the intestinal bacteria. Metronidazole, a nitroimidazole antibiotic, has activity against various protozoans and most Gram-negative and Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria.

sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate lithium is produced by cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway through the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate using NADH formed during glycolysis.

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate hemimagnesium hydrate is an important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis. It is a biochemical compound involved in many metabolic pathways, including the Calvin cycle in plants and glycolysis. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate hemimagnesium hydrate is found to be associated with transaldolase deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism.

NHC-triphosphate tetrasodium is an active phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) as a triphosphate form. NHC-triphosphate tetrasodium is a weak alternative substrate for the viral polymerase and can be incorporated into HCV replicon RNA.

ATP disodium trihydrate (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium trihydrate) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo, provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP disodium trihydrate is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation.

13-cis-Vitamin A palmitate (13-cis-Retinyl palmitate) is a 13-cis isomer formed by vitamin A palmitate in corn flakes. 13-cis-Vitamin A palmitate has a biological activity of 75% of all-trans-vitamin A palmitate, the most biologically ac-tive form of vitamin A.

9-cis-Vitamin A palmitate (9-cis-Retinyl palmitate) is a 9-cis isomer formed by vitamin A palmitate in corn flakes. 9-cis-Vitamin A palmitate has a biological activity of 26% of all-trans-vitamin A palmitate, the most biologically ac-tive form of vitamin A.

Vitamin D3 octanoate is an octanoate ester of vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 is a naturally occuring form of vitamin D. Vitamin D3 induces cell differentiation and prevents proliferation of cancer cells.

Cortisol sulfate (Cortisol 21-sulfate) is a metabolite of Cortisol. Cortisol sulfate is a specific ligand for intracellular transcortin.

Kurarinol is a flavanone found in the root of Sophora flavescens. Kurarinol is a competitive tyrosinase, with IC50 of 0.1 μM for mushroom tyrosinase.

Kushenol M is a flavonoid from Sophora flavescens. Kushenol M is a cytochrome P450 (CYP), with IC50 values of 1.29 μM for CYP3A4 in in human liver microsomes.

(±)-Amiflamine (FLA 336) is a potent monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) with a pIC50 of 5.57.

Angstrom6 (A6 Peptide) is an 8 amino-acid peptide derived from single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA) and interferes with the uPA/uPAR cascade and abrogates downstream effects. Angstrom6 binds to CD44 resulting in the inhibition of migration, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells, and the modulation of CD44-mediated cell signaling.

L-690330 hydrate is a competitive of inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) with Kis of 0.27 and 0.19 μM for recombinant human and bovine IMPase, 0.30 and 0.42 μM for human and bovine frontal cortex IMPase, respectively. L-690330 hydrate exhibits 10-fold more sensitive than mouse and rat IMPase.

SHIP2-IN-1 is a potent SHIP2, inhibits SHIP2 activity, with an IC50 of 2 µM. SHIP2-IN-1 blocks GSK3β activation by phosphorylation at the Ser9 residue. SHIP2-IN-1 is used in the research of Alzheimer’s disease.

Cholera toxin (Choleragen), an AB(5)-subunit toxin, enters host cells by binding the ganglioside GM1 at the plasma membrane (PM) and travels retrograde through the trans-Golgi Network into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Choleragen activates adenylate cyclase by catalyzing ADP-ribosylation of Gs alpha, the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein.

Spirapril (SCH 33844) hydrochloride is a potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. Spirapril competitively binds to ACE and prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Spirapril is an orally active prodrug of Spiraprilat and can be used for the research of hypertension, congestive heart failure.

MBCQ is a potent and selective the type V phosphodiesterase (PDE V; PDE5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 19 nM. MBCQ has IC50s >100 µM for PDE1, PDE2, PDE3, and PDE4, respectively. MBCQ dilates coronary arteries via potent and specific inhibition of cGMP-PDE.

Naringinase, a hydrolytic enzymatic complex, possesses the activity of both α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase. Naringinase has wide occurrence in nature. Naringinase can be used in the biotransformation of steroids, antibiotics, and mainly on glycosides hydrolysis.

(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium ((R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid) is a metabolite, and converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium has applications as a nutrition source and as a precursor for vitamins, antibiotics and pheromones.

YM-750 is a potent acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor (IC50=0.18 μM). ACAT catalyzes the formation of cholesteryl esters from cholesterol and long-chain fatty-acyl-coenzyme A.

Melittin (MLT, Forapin, Forapine) is an activator of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that stimulates the activity of the low molecular weight PLA2, while it does not the increase the activity of the high molecular weight enzyme.

Pactimibe sulfate (CS-505) is a dual ACAT1/2 inhibitor with IC50s of 4.9 μM and 3.0 μM, respectively. Pactimibe sulfate (CS-505) inhibits ACAT with IC50s of 2.0 μM, 2.7 μM, 4.7 μM in the liver, macrophages and THP-1 cells, respectively. Pactimibe sulfate

Pactimibe (CS-505 free base) is a dual ACAT1/2 inhibitor with IC50s of 4.9 μM and 3.0 μM, respectively. Pactimibe (CS-505 free base) inhibits ACAT with IC50s of 2.0 μM, 2.7 μM, 4.7 μM in the liver, macrophages and THP-1 cells, respectively. Pactimibe (CS-

2,6-Dimethylquinoline, a nature constituent from the roots of Peucedantu praeruptorum, is a CYP1A2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.3 µM. 2,6-Dimethylquinoline also inhibits CYP2B6 activity with an IC50 of 480 µM.

cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline, a proline analogue, is an inhibitor of collagen production. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline could inhibit fibroblast growth by preventing the deposition of triple-helical collagen on the cell layer. cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline also depresses

Linoleic acid, an omega-6 trans fatty acid (TFA), acts as a source of energy. Linoleic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linoleic acid can be used for heart diseases research.

DL-Glutamic acid is the conjugate acid of Glutamic acid, which acts as a fundamental metabolite. Comparing with the second phase of polymorphs α and β L-Glutamic acid, DL-Glutamic acid presents better stability.

L-Palmitoylcarnitine TFA, a long-chain acylcarnitine and a fatty acid metabolite, accumulates in the sarcolemma and deranges the membrane lipid environment during ischaemia.

DL-Asparagine is a racemic melange of the Aparagine L and D-enantiomers. DL-Asparagine has been used in growth-media for bacteria-growth.

6-Methyluracil (Pseudothymine), a metabolite of Uracil, can be used as an indicator of acetoacetyl-CoA (AACoA) accumulation. 6-Methyluracil exhibits antiradiation effect in vivo.

FASN-IN-3 is a fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor extracted from patent US20170119786A1, compound 242A.

NAZ2329, the first cell-permeable inhibitor of R5 subfamily of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), allosterically and preferentially inhibits PTPRZ (IC50=7.5 µM for hPTPRZ1) and PTPRG (IC50=4.8 µM for hPTPRG) over other PTPs. NAZ2329 bind

L-Uridine, isolated from the Polyporaceae fungus Poria cocos (Schw.), is an enantiomer of the normal RNA constituent D-uridine. L-uridine acts as a phosphate acceptor for nucleoside phosphotransferases.

MAGL-IN-1 is a potent, selective, reversible and competitive inhibitor of MAGL, with an IC50 of 80 nM. MAGL-IN-1 exhibits anti-proliferative effects against human breast, colorectal, and ovarian cancer cells. MAGL-IN-1 blocks MAGL in cell-based as well as in vivo assays.

7-Hydroxycoumarinyl arachidonate (7-HCA) is a fluorogenic substrate of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2). 7-Hydroxycoumarinyl arachidonat e is also a fluorogenic substrate for monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). MAGL protein catalyzes the hydrolysis of 7-Hydroxycoumarinyl arachidonat to generate Arachidonic acid (AA) and the highly fluorescent 7-hydroxyl coumarin. Release of 7-HC can be measured using a fluorometer.

EMAC10101d is a potent and selective toward hCA II inhibitor, with a Ki of 8.1 nM.

Edoxaban impurity 6 is an impurity of Edoxaban. Edoxaban (DU-176) is a selective, potent and orally active factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor with Kis of 0.561 nM and 2.98 nM for free FXa and prothrombinase, respectively. Edoxaban is an anticoagulant agent and can be used for stroke prevention.

Edoxaban impurity 4 is an impurity of Edoxaban. Edoxaban (DU-176) is a selective, potent and orally active factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor with Kis of 0.561 nM and 2.98 nM for free FXa and prothrombinase, respectively. Edoxaban is an anticoagulant agent and can be used for stroke prevention.

Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride is an endogenous long-chain acylcarnitine. Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride is a less potent inhibitor of GlyT2. Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride inhibits glycine responses by 16.8% at concentrations up 3 μM.

Ervogastat (PF-06865571) is a potent and well-tolerated diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 inhibitor (DGAT2i). Ervogastat alone reduces steatosis and hepatic triglyceride levels in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Ervogastat combination with Clesacostat (an acetyl CoA-carboxylase inhibitor (ACCi)) can be used for the research of NASH with liver fibrosis therapy.