Lipoic acid is a selective, small molecule large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (BKCa, KCa1.1, MaxiK) positive modulator with EC50 of 11 uM. Lipoic acid shows a favorable selectivity profile on Nav, Cav, SK, and IK channels. Lipoic acid causes distinct activation from a concentration of 0.3 and 10 µM Lipoic acid left-shifted the voltage activation curve by 60 mV. Lipoic acid reduces spontaneous phasic contractions in guinea pig urinary bladder strips at 1 uM, while having only a modest effect on contractions evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and no effect on high K+-induced contractions.

A small molecule that inhibits NFATc1 and NF-κB activity, inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vivo.

ABD328 (ABD-328) is an orally active, small molecule inhibitor of RANKL and TNF signalling that inhibits inflammation in vivo.

BAY 11-7082 is a NF-κB inhibitor, inhibits TNFα-induced IκBα phosphorylation with IC50 of 10 μM. Also inhibiting components of the ubiquitin system.

BAY 11-7085 is an irreversible inhibitor of TNFα-induced IκBα phosphorylation with an IC50 value of 10 μM.

Didox is a simple, synthetic antioxidant that has been found to reduce the levels of oxidative injury markers.

Edasalonexent (CAT-1004) is a bifunctional, orally administered small molecule that covalently links 2 compounds known to inhibit NF‐κB, salicylic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

Iguratimod is one of a series of 4H-1-benzopyran-4-ones which has potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity.

IT 901 is a c-Rel inhibitor (IC50 = 3 μM). Inhibits IL-2 expression in activated T-cells in vitro.

JSH-23 is an inhibitor of NF-κB transcriptional activity with IC50 of 7.1 μM.

SC75741 is a potent NF-κB inhibitor with EC50 of 200 nM.

Cyclo(his-pro) TFA (Cyclo(histidyl-proline) TFA) is an orally active cyclic dipeptide structurally related to tyreotropin-releasing hormone. Cyclo(his-pro) TFA could inhibit NF-κB nuclear accumulation. Cyclo(his-pro) TFA can cross the brain-blood-barrier and affect diverse inflammatory and stress responses.

B022 is a potent and selective NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) inhibitor with a Ki of 4.2 nM. B022 protects liver from toxin-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and injury.

Sootepin D (compound 6), a triterpene from the apical bud of Gardenia sootepensis, inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity with an IC50 of 8.3μM. Sootepin D has anti-inflammatory activity.

Urolithin B is one of the gut microbial metabolites of ellagitannins, and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Urolithin B inhibits NF-κB activity by reducing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and suppresses the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and Akt, and enhances the phosphorylation of AMPK. Urolithin B is also a regulator of skeletal muscle mass.

DCZ0415, a potent TRIP13 inhibitor, impairs nonhomologous end joining repair and inhibits NF-κB activity. DCZ0415 induces anti-myeloma activity in vitro, in vivo, and in primary cells derived from drug-resistant myeloma patients.

BIZ 114 (Example 11) is a fatty acid derivative and potent inhibits the TNF-α activated NF-κΒ pathway. BIZ 114 has the potential to prevent and / or treat ophthalmic disorders such as retinal degenerative disorders and ocular inflammatory diseases.

Anatabine dicitrate is a tobacco alkaloid that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Anatabine dicitrate is a potent α4β2 nAChR agonist. Anatabine dicitrate inhibits NF-κB activation lower amyloid-β (Aβ) production by preventing the β-cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Anatabine dicitrate has anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for neurodegenerative disorders treatment.

SN50, a cell-permeable NF-κB inhibitory peptide, is composed of the signal peptide of Kaposi fibroblast growth factor.SN50 inhibits the activation of NF-κB and attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury.

SP-100030 is a potent NF-κB and activator protein-1 (AP-1) double inhibitor (IC50s=50 and 50 nM, respectively). SP-100030 inhibits IL-2, IL-8, and TNF-alpha production in Jurkat and other T cell lines. SP-100030 decreases murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).

Neocryptotanshinone, a fatty diterpenoids from Salvia Miltiorrhiza, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by suppression of NF-κB and iNOS signaling pathways.

Gossypin is a flavone isolated from?Hibiscus vitifolius and has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, anticataract, antidiabetic, analgesic and hepatoprotective activities. Gossypin inhibits NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene expression. Gossypin inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis both in mouse primary bone marrow cells and RAW 264.7 cells in vitro.

MnTBAP chloride is a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic and peroxynitrite scavenger. MnTBAP chloride is a manganic porphyrin complex and has anti-oxidative property. MnTBAP chloride mediates anti-inflammatory effects through upregulation of BMPR-II and inhibition of the NFκB signaling. MnTBAP chloride has the potential for the fibrotic response in chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) research.

Aeruginosin 865, isolated from terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. Luke?ová 30/93, is the first aeruginosin-type peptide containing both a fatty acid and a carbohydrate moiety. Aeruginosin 865 inhibits translocation of NF-kB to the nucleus. Aeruginosin 865 has anti-inflammatory effect

AP-1/NF-κB activation inhibitor 1 is a potent AP-1 and NF-κB mediated transcriptional activation inhibitor (IC50=1 μM), without blocking basal transcription driven by the β-actin promoter. AP-1/NF-κB activation inhibitor 1 has a similar inhibitory effect on the production of IL-2 and IL-8 levels in stimulated cells.

Deoxyelephantopin, a natural bioactive sesquiterpene lactone from Elephantopus scaber, has shown promising anticancer effects against a broad spectrum of cancers. Deoxyelephantopin inhibits NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and β-catenin signaling.

Icariside F2 is a potent NF-κB inhibitor with an IC50 value of 16.25 μM. Icariside F2 is an aromatic glycoside isolated from the leaves of E. ulmoides Oliver. Icariside F2 has anti-inflammatory activity.

NF-κΒ activator 1 is a potent NF-κΒ activator with an EC50 of 0.9 μM. NF-κΒ activator 1 induces superoxide dismutase (SOD) 2 mRNA expression.

NF-κΒ activator 2 is a potent and orally active NF-ҡB activator, with an EC50 of 1.58 μM. NF-κΒ activator 2 induces SOD2 through increasing NF-ҡB expression and activation. NF-κΒ activator 2 can be used for the research of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

TCEP (Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) hydrochloride, a non-thiol reducing agent, promotes NF-κB-DNA binding in a dose-related manner.

IKKγ NBD Inhibitory Peptide is a NEMO-binding domain peptide (NBD peptide) corresponding to the NEMO amino-terminal alpha-helical region, which is shown to block TNF-alpha-induced NF-kB activation.

Catalposide, an iridoid glycoside that could be isolated from Catalpa ovate G. Don (Bignoniaceae), inhibits TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 productions and NF-κB (p65) activation in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Nasunin, an antioxidant anthocyanin, possesses antiangiogenic activity.

Ginger extract exhibits anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and chemotherapeutic effects in vivo.

SN52 is a potent, competitive, and cell-permeable inhibitor of NF-κB2. SN52 is a variant of the SN50 peptide and inhibits the nuclear translocation of p52-RelB heterodimers. SN52 has a strong radiosensitization effect on prostate cancer cells. SN52 can be used for cancer research.

Rubipodanone A, a naphthohydroquinone dimer, shows cytotoxicity against A549, BEL-7402, HeLa, HepG2, SGC-7901 and U251 cells. Rubipodanone A also shows obvious activating effect at 20 and 40 μM for NF-κB.

Pratensein, a flavonoid, ameliorates β-amyloid-induced cognitive impairment in rats via reducing oxidative damage and restoring synapse and BDNF levels.

PTD-p65-P1 Peptide is a nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB inhibitor, composed of a membrane-translocating peptide sequence generated from antennapedia (PTD) conjugated with p65-P1, which selectively inhibits activation induced by various inflammatory stimuli.

Sulfuretin inhibits the inflammatory response by suppressing the NF-κB pathway. Sulfuretin can be used for the research of allergic airway inflammation. Sulfuretin reduces oxidative stress, platelet aggregation, and mutagenesis. Sulfuretin is a competitive and potent inhibitor of monophenolase and diphenolase activities with the IC50 of 13.64 μM.

IMD-catechol is a novel imidazoquinolinone-NF-κB immunomodulator dimer that improves efficacy in a CT26 mouse colon carcinoma tumor model while eliciting minimal adjuvant toxicity.

IMD-biphenylC is a novel imidazoquinolinone-NF-κB immunomodulator dimer that inhibits tumor proliferation while induces low systemic inflammation and reduces adjuvant toxicity.

Rubioncolin C exerts anti-tumor activity by inducing apoptotic and autophagic Cell Death and inhibiting the NF-κB and Akt/mTOR/P70S6K Pathway in Human Cancer Cells.

Lucyoside B inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators via both NF-κB and activator protein-1 pathways in activated macrophages.

IMD-ferulic is a covalently linked NF-κB modulator that improves the adjuvanticity of small molecule immune potentiators.

IMD-biphenylA is a novel imidazoquinolinone-NF-κB immunomodulator dimer that improves the adjuvanticity of small molecule immune potentiators.

HE3286, a synthetic derivative of the adrenal steroid β-AET, is an orally-active partially NF-κB inhibitor.

IMD-vanillin is a novel imidazoquinolinone-NF-κB immunomodulator dimers.

Ro 106-9920 is a potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB. Ro 106-9920 has the potential for the research of tumor and cancer diseases.

IMD-biphenylB is a potent imidazoquinolinone-NF-κB immunomodulator dimer that inhibits tumor proliferation while induces low systemic inflammation and reduces adjuvant toxicity.

AS2690168 is a novel orally available, selective RANKL signal transduction inhibitor, reduces TRAP staining of sRANKL-stimulated RAW264 cells with IC50 of 0.28 uM, suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.AS2690168 suppressed soluble RANKL (sRANKL)-induced NFATc1 mRNA expression in RAW264 cells with 37.1% and 98.9% inhibiyion at 0.3 and 3.0 uM, respectively.AS2690168 also suppressed calcium release from parathyroid hormone-stimulated mouse calvaria with an IC50 value of 0.46 uM.AS2690168 (3 mg/kg, p.o.) completely suppressed the decrease in femoral bone mineral content in an sRANKL-induced osteopenic mice model, also significantly suppressed the decrease in femoral bone mineral density and increase in serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b levels in ovariectomized rats at doses of 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg.AS260168 suppressed the increase in urine deoxypyridinoline in a rat prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model at 10 mg/kg.

AS2690168 is a novel orally available, selective RANKL signal transduction inhibitor, reduces TRAP staining of sRANKL-stimulated RAW264 cells with IC50 of 0.28 uM, suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.AS2690168 suppressed soluble RANKL (sRANKL)-induced NFATc1 mRNA expression in RAW264 cells with 37.1% and 98.9% inhibiyion at 0.3 and 3.0 uM, respectively.AS2690168 also suppressed calcium release from parathyroid hormone-stimulated mouse calvaria with an IC50 value of 0.46 uM.AS2690168 (3 mg/kg, p.o.) completely suppressed the decrease in femoral bone mineral content in an sRANKL-induced osteopenic mice model, also significantly suppressed the decrease in femoral bone mineral density and increase in serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b levels in ovariectomized rats at doses of 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg.AS260168 suppressed the increase in urine deoxypyridinoline in a rat prednisolone-induced osteoporosis model at 10 mg/kg.

R-HP210 acts on the NF-κB mediated tethered transrepression function (IC50=3.80 μM). R-HP210 represses the LPS-induced transcription of a variety of proinflammatory genes such as IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2. R-HP210 does not induce the transactivation functions of Glucocorticoids (GCs).

HSR1304 (Compound 5d) is a potent inhibitor of NFκB. The multifunctional transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), is broadly involved in multiple human diseases, such as cancer and chronic inflammation. HSR1304 has the potential for the research of cancer diseases.

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is an oligomer of β-(1→4)-linked D-glucosamine. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) activates AMPK and inhibits inflammatory signaling pathways including NF-κB and MAPK pathways.

Laurotetanine ((+)-Laurotetanine) is an potent and orally active isoquinoline alkaloid and could be extracted from the roots of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. Laurotetanine exerts an anti-asthmatic effect by inhibition of IgE, histamine, and inflammatory reactions via down-regulating MUC5AC and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Dehydromiltirone (1,2-Didehydromiltirone) is a diterpenoid quinone with an anti-inflammatory effect. Dehydromiltirone prevents liver injury by modifying the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, reducing neuroinflammatory responses, and inhibiting platelet aggregation. Dehydromiltirone can be used for osteoporosis research.