Mesotrione is a herbicide belongs to the benzoylcyclohexanedione family. Mesotrione is a potent and competitive and reversible inhibitor of HPPD enzyme. Mesotrione is selective to maize due to rapid metabolism and relative high tolerance by the susceptible crop plant.

N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone is a nitrone-based free radical scavenger that forms nitroxide spin adducts. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone inhibits COX2 catalytic activity. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone has potent ROS scavenging, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging and anti-diabetic activities, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

5-Galloylquinic acid, an main scavenger of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in green tea.

Maresin 1, produced by human Mφs from endogenous docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and a specialized proresolving mediator, stimulates intracellular [Ca2+] and secretion. Maresin 1 possesses anti-inflammatory activity.

Sparstolonin B acts as a selective TLR2 and TLR4 antagonist and selectively blocks TLR2- and TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling. Sparstolonin B has anti-HIV and anticancer activities.

Trimethylamine N-oxide is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway.

STING ligand-1 is a lead STING ligand with an IC50 of 68 nM for HAQ STING.

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid ((R)-2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling.

EG01377 dihydrochloride is a potent, bioavailable and selective inhibitor of neuropilin-1 (NRP1), with a Kd of 1.32 μM, and IC50s of 609 nM for both NRP1-a1 and NRP1-b1. EG01377 dihydrochloride has antiangiogenic, antimigratory, and antitumor effects.

MMG-11 quarterhydrate is a potent and selective human TLR2 antagonist with low cytotoxicity. MMG-11 quarterhydrate inhibits both TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 signaling with IC50s of 1.7?μM for Pam3CSK4-induced hTLR2/1 and 5.7?μM for Pam2CSK4-induced hTLR2/6 responses.

Cyclic di-GMP sodium (c-di-GMP sodium) is a STING activator and a global bacterial second messenger, which regulates biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in diverse bacterial species.

JH-X-119-01 hydrochloride is a potent and selective interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases 1 (IRAK1) inhibitor. JH-X-119-01 hydrochloride ameliorates LPS-induced sepsis in mice.

Nω-Propyl-L-arginine (N-omega-Propyl-L-arginine) is a potent, competitive, and highly selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), with a Ki of 57 nM. Nω-Propyl-L-arginine displays a 149-fold selectivity for nNOS over endothelial NOS (eNOS).

Veledimex S enantiomer (INXN-1001 S enantiomer) is the S enantiomer of veledimex. Veledimex is an oral activator ligand for a proprietary gene therapy promoter system, and a moderate of and substrate for CYP3A4/5.

Tetrahydroxyquinone hydrate (Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone hydrate), a primitive anticataract agent, is a redox active benzoquinone. Tetrahydroxyquinone hydrate can take part in a redox cycle with semiquinone radicals, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

HS271 is a highly potent, orally active and selective IRAK4, with an IC50 of 7.2 μM. HS271 exhibits superior enzymatic and cellular activities, as well as excellent pharmacokinetic properties.

STING agonist compound 17 is a selective stimulator of interferon genes (STING) receptor agonist.

PD-1-IN-1 is a small molecule inhibitor of programmed cell dealth-1 (PD-1) extracted from patent WO 2015033299 A1, compound example 4.

BMS-986126 is a potent, highly selective inhibitor of IRAK4 kinase with IC50 of 5.3 nM, displays >100-fold selective for IRAK4 over a panel of 214 kinases.

IFNAR-IN-1 is a nonpeptidic, small molecule inhibitor of IFN-α and IFNAR interaction, specifically inhibits MVA-induced IFN-α responses by BM-pDCs with IC50 of 2-8 uM..

Reslizumab (Sch 55700) is humanized monoclonal antibodies that target interleukin-5 (IL-5) for the treatment of eosinophilic asthma. Reslizumab is effective in neutralizing the function of IL-5. Reslizumab inhibits IL-5-dependent cell proliferation, with an IC50 value of approximately 91.1pM. Reslizumab has high binding affinity for human IL-5, with KD values of 109 pM and 4.3 pM in the the Biacore surface plasmon resonance and Kinetic Exclusion Assay, respectively.

Pam3CSK4-Biotin is biotinylated Pam3CSK4. Pam3CSK4-Biotin is a Toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) agonist.

Pam3CSK4 is a toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) agonist with an EC50 of 0.47 ng/mL for human TLR1/2.

Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) is an NO donor that prevents LV remodeling and degradation of cardiac function following myocardial infarction (MI).

Sodium thiocyanate reduces plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. Sodium thiocyanate also significantly reduces of ROS formation.

Veliflapon (BAY X 1005; DG-031) is an orally active and selective 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor. Veliflapon inhibits the synthesis of the leukotrienes B4 and C4.

4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride is an active metabolite of Metamizole. Metamizole is a pyrazolone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and inhibits COX. Metamizole is an nonopioid analgesic drug and can be used for pain and fever. 4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride has analgesic, antipyretic, and relatively weak antiinflammatory properties.

4-Methylamino antipyrine is an active metabolite of Metamizole. Metamizole is a pyrazolone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and inhibits COX. Metamizole is an nonopioid analgesic drug and can be used for pain and fever. 4-Methylamino antipyrine has analgesic, antipyretic, and relatively weak antiinflammatory properties.

(S)-BI 665915 is an orally active oxadiazole-containing 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.7 nM for FLAP binding. (S)-BI 665915 inhibits FLAP functional in human whole blood with an IC50 of 45 nM. (S)-BI 665915 demonstrates an excellent cross-species drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) profile and a dose-dependent inhibition of LTB4 production.

PD-1/PD-L1-IN 5 is a PD-1/PD-L1 protein/protein interaction inhibitor extracted from patent WO2017222976A1, compound Example 1, has an IC50 of ≤100 nM.