ATO 532 Acid has an identical molecular structure to ATTO 532 Acid. It is a fluorescent label related to the well - known dye Rhodamine 6G. This dye is characterized by strong absorption, a high fluorescence quantum yield, excellent thermal and photostability, and good water solubility. Thanks to these features, ATO 532 is highly appropriate for single - molecule detection applications and high - resolution microscopy techniques, including Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (PALM), direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (dSTORM), Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM), and Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy (STED). In addition, it is also very suitable for use in Fluorescence - Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH). The fluorescence of ATO 532 Acid can be most efficiently excited within the range of 515 - 545 nanometers.

ATO 488 has the same molecular structure as ATTO 488. It is a new type of hydrophilic fluorescent dye that offers excellent water - solubility, strong absorption capacity, a high fluorescence quantum yield, as well as outstanding thermal and photostability. Due to these remarkable properties, ATO 488 is highly suitable for single - molecule detection applications and high - resolution microscopy techniques such as Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) and Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy (STED). Moreover, this dye is also well - suited for use in Fluorescence - Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH).

The ATO 465 molecule shares the same structure as ATTO 465. It is a fluorescent dye derived from the well - known acridone dye. ATO 465 has moderate hydrophilicity. Its fluorescence can be effectively excited within the range of 420 - 465 nm. This dye has remarkable features such as strong absorption, a high fluorescence quantum yield, excellent thermal stability, and high photostability. In an aqueous solution, this dye exhibits an astonishingly large Stokes shift of 55 nm. When it comes to a solid matrix, especially under low - temperature conditions, the dye emits intense and long - lasting phosphorescence.

ATTO 425 NHS ester is a new fluorescent marker based on the Rhodamine structure. It has strong absorption, high fluorescence quantum yield, high thermal stability and photochemical stability, and is suitable for single molecule detection and high-resolution microscopy. ATTO 425 NHS ester is an NHS ester derivative of ATTO 425 that can be used to label proteins or antibodies.

The ATO 425 Acid molecule is equivalent to ATTO 425. It is a novel fluorescent marker with a coumarin structure. This marker boasts several notable characteristics, including a high fluorescence quantum yield, excellent photostability, and a relatively low molecular weight.

AF 488 Cadaverine is a carbonyl - reactive structural unit. In the presence of activators like EDC or DCC, or activated esters such as NHS esters, it can be used to modify carboxyl groups through the formation of stable amide bonds. Additionally, it can serve as a polar tracer and an active dye for labeling proteins via carboxylic acid molecules.

AF647-NHS ester is an analog of Alexa Fluor 647 (AF647). NHS ester can covalently bind to molecules with amino groups (such as proteins, antibodies, etc.). AF647 is a far-red fluorescent dye with an excitation wavelength (λex) of 635 nm (conventional fluorescence detection)/620 nm (instantaneous detection). Storage: Protect from light.

AF 568 Acid shares the same chemical structure as Alexa Fluor 568 Acid. It is a bright red fluorescent dye that is optimally suited for use with the 568 - nanometer laser line. The AF 568 dye is soluble in water and is insensitive to pH values ranging from 4 to 10. AF 568 Acid represents the most cost - effective amine - reactive form for conjugating the Alexa Fluor 568 fluorophore with polypeptides.

TFAX 488,SE dilithium, an amine reactive green fluorescent dye, is insensitive to pH in the range 4-10. TFAX 488,SE dilithium forms bright and photostable conjugates with proteins and antibodies. TFAX 488,SE dilithium is suitable for use in flow cytometry, two-photon excitation microscopy (TPE), and super resolution microscopy techniques, such as dSTORM, SIM and STED. Excitation maximum=495 nm; emission maximum=515 nm; extinction coefficient=73,000 M-1cm-1; quantum yield=0.92.

AF 488 is a vivid green fluorescent dye. Owing to its excellent photostability, it is frequently utilized in microscopy and cell detection. AF 488 can be used in conjunction with DAPI and is highly suitable for multiplex detection. It exhibits a high quantum yield and stable fluorescence within a pH range of 4 to 10.

Biotin - dT phosphoramidite contains a DMT (dimethoxytrityl) group, which enables quantitative coupling. It can be inserted into the target sequence as a substitute for the dT residue. This makes it an essential tool for adding biotin to the desired positions within an oligonucleotide sequence. It complements the commonly used biotin phosphoramidite. The latter lacks the DMT group and can only be added to the 5' end of the oligonucleotide, thus bringing the synthesis process to an end.

Biotin TEG CE Phosphoramidite is a valuable reagent for attaching biotin to both the 3' - end and 5' - end of oligonucleotides. This phosphoramidite is equipped with a 15 - atom mixed - polarity extended spacer arm based on a triethylene glycol linker. The extended spacer arm functions to physically separate the biotin moiety from the rest of the oligomer. This separation brings about several advantages that are particularly evident in practical applications. The distinct design of the spacer arm helps to optimize the performance of the biotin - labeled oligonucleotides, ensuring that the biotin's functionality is not compromised by the proximity of the oligomer structure.

Biotin phosphoramidite stands as a vital instrument for incorporating biotin labels into oligonucleotide sequences, enabling the efficient labeling of oligonucleotides. Biotin phosphoramidite features a spacer arm composed of 15 atoms. This spacer arm is designed to minimize potential hindrances associated with biotin binding. It complements the commonly used biotin phosphoramidite, which lacks the DMT group. The latter can only be added to the 5'- end of the oligonucleotide, and its addition effectively terminates the synthesis process.

5'- Biotin phosphoramidite serves as a useful tool for incorporating biotin into oligonucleotides. However, it has a specific limitation in that it can only be added to the 5'- end of the oligonucleotide chain. The DMTr (dimethoxytrityl) protecting group on the N1 position of biotin plays a crucial role during the coupling process. It effectively prevents the formation of branched structures, ensuring a more precise and controlled synthesis of the biotin - labeled oligonucleotides. Biotin itself possesses sufficient hydrophobicity. This property allows for a relatively straightforward separation between biotin - labeled oligomers (in the DMT OFF state) and unlabeled oligomers. Nevertheless, the DMTr group still has its unique value. It can be utilized to facilitate the purification process when using reverse - phase cartridges and high - performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This additional assistance from the DMTr group can lead to more efficient and accurate purification of the desired biotin - labeled oligonucleotides.

Digoxigenin (DIG) is a small molecule with high antigenicity. Similar to other commonly used haptens like 2,4 - Dinitrophenol (DNP) and biotin, it can be applied in a variety of biological detection methods. Generally, Digoxigenin is conjugated with large biomolecules to be detected, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Anti - Digoxigenin antibodies are directly or indirectly labeled with fluorescent dyes or enzymes for visualization and detection purposes. Under mild conditions, Digoxigenin maleimide can easily react with thiol groups, enabling the attachment of Digoxigenin molecules to proteins or thiol - substituted oligonucleotides.

Digoxigenin NHS is an activated ester which readily reacts with amino groups under mild conditions, attaching the Digoxigenin (HY-B1025) moiety to proteins or amino-. Digoxigenin NHS ester can be used to label proteins and oligonucleotides.

BHQ is a genuine dark quencher. Thanks to its polycyclic azo backbone, it has no natural emission. These quenchers can be paired with all common dyes to construct highly efficient quenching qPCR probes.

HCQ - 1 is equivalent to BHQ - 1. It can be positioned either at the end or within the oligonucleotide. Oligonucleotides labeled with BHQ - 1 have a wide range of applications, one of which is as dual - labeled fluorescent probes in real - time PCR. Regarding the synthesis and modification of BHQ - 1 quenched oligonucleotides, you can refer to the service link of biosynthesis.

Cyanine 5 Acid serves as an analog of the free carboxylic acid form of Cy5 and contains the Cyanine5 fluorophore. This particular dye has limited water - solubility. However, to obtain a solution material with an effective concentration, it can be dissolved in a mixture of water and organic phases such as DMF, DMSO, and alcohols.

Cyanine 3 Acid is a non-toxic red fluorescent dye with good solubility in organic solvents. Cyanine3 carboxylic acid chloride can be used as a non-reactive fluorophore for experimental control and calibration. Cyanine3 carboxylic acid chloride can also be synthesized with targeted agents as fluorescent probes for rapid detection of agent reactions.

Tex Red-X dye is an innovative alternative to Tex Red. A key difference lies in its chemical structure - it features an additional seven - atom aminocaproyl spacer ("X") between the fluorophore and the carboxyl group. This spacer plays a crucial role in separating the fluorophore from its attachment point. By doing so, it effectively minimizes the interaction between the fluorophore and the conjugated biomolecule. One of the standout features of Tex Red - X is that it exists as a single 5 - isomer. This characteristic significantly enhances the reproducibility of results, which is a highly desirable trait in scientific research and biological applications. In terms of optical properties, Tex Red - X shares the same spectral characteristics as Texas Red. It can be utilized to create bright red fluorescent bioconjugates with excitation and emission maxima at approximately 595/615 nm. These bioconjugates are valuable tools in various biological and biochemical studies, enabling researchers to visualize and analyze biological processes with high precision.

Rhodamine 123 is a chemical compound and a dye.

6-ROX is a selective fluorescent probe and potential inhibitor of COX-2. 6-ROX binds to the active site of COX-2 and inhibits its conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. 6-ROX is often used in the field of optical imaging related to tumors and inflammation, and helps detect diseased tissues with high expression of COX-2.

OG 488, acid, a fluorescent pH indicator, has many applications in biochemistry and neurosciences.

QSY 21 has a wide - ranging and intense absorption with a peak at 661 nanometers. It emits no detectable fluorescence, which makes it highly useful as an acceptor in Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) applications. As a commonly - used long - wavelength quencher, it can be optimally paired with fluorescent dyes such as Cy5, Alexa Fluor 647, iFluor 647, or other dyes with similar spectra.

The amine - reactive quencher, QCY9 NHS, shows a broad and intense absorption in the visible light range with a peak at approximately 560 nm. Moreover, it lacks fluorescence, which disqualifies it from being used as an acceptor in Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) applications.

QCY 7 NHS and QSY 7 NHS refer to the same molecule. QCY 7 features a broad and intense absorption with a peak at around 550 nanometers and has no detectable fluorescence. These characteristics make it highly useful as an acceptor in Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) applications when paired with fluorescent dyes such as Cy3, TAMRA, Alexa Fluor 555, iFluor 647, or other dyes with similar spectra.

HCQ - 1 maleimide serves as an excellent building block for labeling thiol - containing molecules. The HCQ - 1 dye exhibits almost no fluorescence and has a moderate extinction coefficient. These dark quenchers are commonly utilized in molecular beacon probes. In such probes, the contribution of FRET to fluorescence quenching is extremely small. As a result, compared with other FRET probes like FRET peptides, the dependence on donor - acceptor spectral overlap is not as prominent. The HCQ - 1 dye is capable of quenching a variety of fluorophores, especially fluorescein derivatives such as FAM, HEX, TET, NED, and JOE.