Ciglitazone is a PPARγ agonist. It is known to decrease insulin levels, VEGF production and blood pressure and induces cell cycle arrest in stomach cancer cells.

Clindamycin Palmitate HCl a ribosomal translocation and protein synthesis inhibitor that displays efficacy against MRSA. It is also occasionally used to treat Plasmodium.

Clofibric acid is a PPARα agonist, auxin inhibitor and metabolite of clofibrate used as a plant growth regulator. It also decreases production of cholesterol and activity of HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT. It also suppresses microvessel growth in ovarian cancer models.

Clopidol is coccidiostat used to treat parasite infections in veterinary medicine.

Colistin sulfate is a NADH quinone oxidoreductase inhibitor that induces formation of pores in membranes of gram negative bacteria. It is highly neurotoxic and nephrotoxic.

Corticosterone is an endogenous steroid hormone involved in immune responses, stress responses and energy homeostasis. It activates mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors.

Cuelure is a hormonal attractant for male Bactrocera flies.

Ancitabine HCl is a pyrimidine analog and DNA synthesis inhibitor previously used to treat leukemias. It inhibits proliferation of HSV-1 and CMV and induces degranulation of granular tubes.

Cypermethrin is a synthetic type II insecticide and protein phosphate inhibitor. It inhibits protein phosphates, inducing nerve blockade and paralysis.

Cyproconazole inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi.

Dapiprazole HCl is an α1-Adrenergic receptor antagonist used to reverse mydriasis. It also decreases mean intraocular pressure, suppresses pigment shedding, and increases outflow facility.

Prasterone is an endogenous steroid hormone that acts as an agonist at ERβ, NMDA, and σ1 receptors, a partial agonist at ERα and AR, and antagonist at GABA-A receptors. It displays a variety of biologocial activities, including enhancing working memory and cognition, inhibiting proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells, increasing expression of various glutamate transporters to suppress seizures, and minimizing gastric acid secretion, lipid peroxidation and ulcer formation.

Diaveridine is coccidiostat and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. It prevents folic acid synthesis in species of Pneumocystis and induces DNA damage.

Diclazuril is a coccidiostat and GAPDH inhibitor used to prevent parasitic contamination of livestock and poultry feed.

Difenoconazole is a 14-α demethylase inhibitor that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and fungal cell wall formation. It may inhibit aromatase.

Difloxacin HCl is a bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitor. It suppresses growth of Staphylococus, Escherichia and Pasturella.

Diflubenzuron is an insect growth regulator and chitin synthesis inhibitor. It inhibits growth of Tribolium, Anopheles, Ascaris and Haemonchus.

Efaroxan HCl is an inhibitor of α2-adrenergic receptors, imidazoline-1 receptors, and ATP-sensitive K channels. It improves glucose tolerance, alters opiod-mediated tolerance and antinociception signaling pathways, and decreases symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.

Epoxiconazole is a 14-α demethylase inhibitor that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and fungal cell wall formation. It may inhibit aromatase and act as an endocrine distrupter.

Eprinomectin is a semi-synthetic GABA signaling potentiator used to inhibit bacterial infections. It causes neuromuscular paralysis in microbes and parasites.

Erucin is a sulforaphane analog and telomerase inhibitor found in cruciferous vegtables. It induces phase II enzyme activity, suppresses cellular proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, prevents 6-OHDA-induced neurodegenration, and inhibits LPS-s

Erysolin is a sulforaphane analog found in cruciferous vegetables. It induces phase II enzyme activity and inhibits growth of colon cancer cells.

Ethacridine lactate monohydrate is an acridine derivative and DNA intercalator used as an antiseptic It increases levels of prostaglandin E, decreases excretion of estriol, and may induce fetal death in pregnant females.

Ethisterone is a synthetic contraceptive and progesterone receptor agonist previously used in contraceptics. Derivatives inhibit prostate cancer cell growth.

Ethoxyquin is an HSP90 inhibitor and antioxidant used as a pesticide and preservative in animal feed.

Farnesol is found in various essential oils. It regulates the volatility of odorants in perfumes. It displays a variety of biological activities, including cell cycle arrest and stimulating p21 and p27 expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells, increasing latency to tumor formation in TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis, and inhibiting growth of Aspergilius and Candida.

Flavanone is found in various plant sources. It inhibits proliferation of tumor cells and may decrease oxidative damagae, inhibit angiogenesis, and suppress growth of bacteria.

Flutriafol is a pesticide, demethylation inhibitor, and NMDA receptor agonist that prevents sterol synthesis and disrupts membrane function. It also induces striatal dopamine release and decreases oxidative damage.

Forchlorfenuron is a synthetic cytokinin, plant growth regulator, and filament polymerization inducer. It induces paralysis in Schistosoma and inhibits proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells.

Fosfomycin calcium is a MurA and isopentenyl mevalonate kinase inhibitor that prevents synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It also prevents aminoglycoside antibiotic-induced nephrotoxicity and lowers serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in models of septic Pseudomonas infection.

Fusarenon-X is a mycotoxin found in Fusarium. It induces DNA strand breakage and decreases food intake.

Fumonisin B2 is a mycotoxin and grain contaminant. It inhibits sphingosine acyltransferase and disrupts sphingolipid metabolism.

D-Galactosamine HCl is a galactose-derived hexosaine sugar and component of FSH and LH. It is used to induce endotoxic shock.

Geranylgeraniol is an geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate analog used in synthesis of vitamins E and K. It induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of various tumor cells, suppresses growth of Mycobacterium, and protects monocytes against statin-induced cytotoxicity.

Ginkgolic acid is an HIV protease and fatty acid synthase inhibitor found in Ginkgo. It suppresses HIV infection, inhibits growth of Staphyloccus, Escherichia, and Bacillus, increases activity of PP2C in neurons, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.

Gliotoxin is a toxin found in Aspergillus. It induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells and chondrosarcoma cells, suppresses the adaptive immune response in leukocytes, and inhibits the proteasome in Plasmodium falciparum.

Calcium saccharate is an oxidized non-cyclic hexose sugar. It may inhibit carcinogenesis and proliferation of cancer cells.

Monolaurin, also known as Glyceryl monolaurate, is a surfactant and emulsifer found in coconut oil. It inhibitis growth of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Gardnerella, Candida, and Haemophilus, and decreases production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Glycidamide is a carcinogen and metabolite of acrylamide that induces DNA adduct formation and mutations.

GSK 2830371 is a WiP1 inhibitor. It inhibits cell growth and tumor growth in lymphoma and neuroblastoma models.

Guggulsterone is a FXR antagonist found in myrrh. It displays a wide variety of biological activities, including disrupting cytoskeletal organization, inhibiting doxorubicin-induced toxicity in cardiomyoc

H7 is a specific protein kinase C inhibitor and protein kinase G inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.

H8 dihydrochloride is a PKA inhibitor that modulates Ca 2+ signaling.

Herbimycin is an inhibitor of HSP90, PKC, Src and Bcr-Abl. It inhibits proliferation of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells.

Hexaconazole is a pesticide and demethylation inhibitor that prevents sterol synthesis and disrupts membrane function. It also induces production of apigenin-7-glucoside and other antioxidative compounds and inhibits growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Hexamethonium bromide non-depolarizing NMJ blocker and nAChR antagonist. It has previously been used to treat hypertension. It inhibits sympathetic nervous system activity and acts as a skeletal muscle relaxant.

Hexestrol is a synthetic ER agonist, microtubule polymerization inhibitor, and potential carcinogen. It induces mitotic arrest, aneuploidy, and DNA adduct formation.

Hexylglutathione is a glutathione-S-transferase inhibitor used to study the effects of phase II enzymes and glutathione.

DL-Homocysteinethiolactone HCl is a cysteine derivative that binds to and induces conformational changes in various plasma proteins, slowing coagulation and inducing oxidative stress. It decreases left ventricular systolic blood pressure and cardiac force and induces seizures in vivo.

Hyaluronate Sodium is endogenous anionic non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan found in conective tissue and synovial fluid. It binds cell surface proteins and causes inflammation.

Afimoxifene, E-isomer, also called (E)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen, is a SERM and active metabolite of tamoxifen. The E isomer is less active thatn the Z isomer. It induces autophagy, vacuole formation and KRAS degradation in cancerl cells and decreases contractility in myocytes.

Hygromycin B is a protein translocation inhibitor that suppresses protein and RNA synthesis of bacteria. and viruses by inducing misreadings during translation.

2-Hydroxyestradiol is an estradiol metabolite with low affinity for ERs. It decreases release of prostagladin E2, suppresses H202-induced oxidative damage, and inhibits HIF-1α signaling.

2-Heptylfuran is an antioxidant found in cooked meat. It induces phase II enzyme activity and inhibits benzol[a]pyrene-induced tumor development.

Hydroxytryptophol is a serotonin/melatonin analog found in various plant and food soruces and Trypanosoma brucei. It is used as a biomarker for recent alcohol consumption and causes sleeping sickness. It also inhibits oxidation of LDL.

Iberverin is a sulforaphane homolog and antioxidant found in cruciferous vegetables. It induces phase II enzyme activity and decreases expression of androgen receptors in prostate cancer cells.

Enilconazole, also known as Imazalil, is an inhibitor of 14α-demethylase, aromatase, and androgen receptors that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and fungal cell wall formation. It also alters neural differentiation and displays teratogenic effects in vertebrate development.

Indinavir sulfate is an inhibitor of HIV protease, GLUT4, and calpain used to treat HIV infection. It also decreases phosphorylation of the insulin receptor β subunit, inhibits adenocarcinoma tumor growth, and may induce SOCS1 signaling.

Inositol, also known as myo-Inositol, is an endogenous sugar produced from glucose that is required for production of IMP and phosphatidyl inositol. It is involved in insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal.

Isopropyl thiogalactoside is a galactose and allolactose mimic that induces activation of lac operon, stimulating protein expression.

Itopride HCl is an AChE inhibitor and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist used to treat functional dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease. It inhibits lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.

Itopride HCl is an AChE inhibitor and dopamine D2 receptor antagonist used to treat functional dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease. It inhibits lower esophageal sphincter relaxation.

K252b is a staurosporine analog and PKC inhibitor that suppresses DNA synthesis. It also inhibits microbial ectoprotein kinases and inhibits IgE cross-linking-dependent degranulation in basophils.

K252c is a staurosporine analog and inhibitor of PKC and PKA. It inhibits proliferation of human cytomegalovirus and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.

Kahweol is a natural product in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1 induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kahweol Acetate is a semi-synthetic derivative of kahweol, a natural product found in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1 induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kahweol Eicosanate is a semi-syntetic derivative of kahweol, a natural product found in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1 induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kahweol oleate is emi-syntetic derivative of kahweol, a natural product found in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1 induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kahweol palmitate is a semi-synthetic derivative of kahweol, a natural product found in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1-induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kainic acid is an excitatory amino acid and AMPA and kainate receptor agonist found in seaweed. It increases glutamate release and stimulates Na channels, inducing seizures.

Kanamycin B is an inhibitor of protein translation and mammalian RNA splicing. It inhibits growth of gram negative bacteria, prevents formulation of the initiation complex, and decreases action potential amplitude in cardiac pacemaker cells.

Lactacystin is a proteasome inhibitor found in Streptomyces. It increases the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and inhibits proliferation of glioma cells, inhibits growth and migration of smooth muscle cells, and suppresses infiltration of neutrophils and decreases levels of ICAM-1 in liver injury models.

(d)-Limonene is a commercial flavorant, odorant, cleaning solvent, and insecticide found in the rind of various citrus plants. It displays a wide range of activities, including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric carcinoma cells, inducing phase II enzyme expression to limit oxidative damage, and suppressing cytokine production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Limonin glucoside is found in citrus fruits. It induces apoptosis in colon adenocarcinoma cells, inhibits expression of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 in infected cells, and exhibits larvicidal activity against species of Aedes.

Lincomycin hydrochloride is a peptidyl transferase and protein translation inhibitor used to treat bacterial infections. It also inhibits growth of plasmodium.

Gamolenic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid PPAR agonist found in vegetable oils. It is a precursor to prostaglandin E1 and eicsapentaenoic acid. It regulates insuilin secretion, inhibits diabetes mellitus-induced albuminuria, and induces apoptosis in leukemia cells.

D-Luciferin sodium is heterocyclic light-emitting compound and natural ligand for luciferase used to detect cell activity. It requires ATP for its reaction, emitting a greenish-yellow luminescence at a peak wavelength of approximately 530 nm. The salt form of luciferin dissolves in water or other typical buffers.

Lupinine is an AChE and BChE inhibitor and potential CD69 activator found in species of Loranthus, Calia, and Lupinus. It may also inhibit heparin.

Manzamine A is a vacuolar ATPase uncoupler and GSK-3 inhibitor found in marine sponges. It inhibits autophagy and tumor growth in cancer models, suppresses foam cell formation in macrophages, prevents growth of gram positive and gram negative bacteria, and decreases tau hyperphosphorylation.

Marbofloxacin is a bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitor. It suppresses growth of Staphylococus, Escherichia, Actinobacillus, Pasturella, and Mannhemia.

Meglumine is an amino sugar and sorbitol derivative used as a bulking agent in the formulation of pharmaceutical drugs.

Melitracen HCl ia potential dopamine D1/2 receptor antagonist used to treat depression. It is often co-administered with flupenthixol as a treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. It does not effect cardiovascular function.

S-Methoprene is a juvenile insect growth hormone analog that prohibits the ability of the insect to change from pupae to adult. It is used to control mosquito populations. It alters Ca 2+ signaling and redox activity of cytochrome oxidase and induces male sex differentiation.

DL-alpha-Methylbenzyl isothiocyanate is an antioxidant that induces phase II enzyme activity.

D-alpha-Methylbenzyl isothiocyanate is an antioxidant that induces phase II enzyme activity. It is also used as a chiral agent.

L-alpha-Methylbenzyl isothiocyanate is an antioxidant that induces phase II enzyme activity. It is also used as a chiral agent.

S-Methylcysteine is an antioxidant found in Brassicaceae family plants. It decreases oxidative stress and inhibits oil drop formation in white pre-adipose tissue.

NSC-226572, also known as Alanine, 3-(methylsulfinyl)-, L-, pyrolyzate, S-methyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide; S-Methylcysteine sulfoxide, is a synthetic analog of alliin found in cruciferous vegetables including cabbage, turnip, cauliflower, and kale. NSC-226572 is converted through alliinase activity into a volatile thiosulfinate.

7-Methyl-6-mercaptopurine is a 6-mercaptopurine derivative and inhibitor of PRPP amidotransferase used to treat autoimmune diseases, leukemia,s and lymphomas. It inhibits IMP metabolism, preventing the synthesis of purines, DNA and RNA.

Methysticin is found in Piper methysticum (kava plant). It inhibits activation of NF-χB in lung adenocarcinoma tissue, activates Nrf2 in neurons and astroglia, decreases peak amplitude of voltage-gated Na+ channels in hippocampal neurons, and suppresses growth of Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Colletotrichum.

Miconazole nitrate is an 14-α demethylase inhibitor and potential glucocorticoid receptor antagonist that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and fungal cell wall formation. It is used to treat fungal infections and is especially active against Candida. It also decreases expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in breast cancer and glioma cells.

Mivacurium chloride is a non-depolarizing NMJ blocker and nAChR antagonist used as an anesthetic. It inhibits skeletal muscle contractility and prevents atrial fibrillation.

Monensin sodium is an ionophore and inhibitor of autophagy commercially used in livestock feed. It inhibits autophagy, interfering with the fusion of the autophagosome and the lysosome.

Moniliformin is a mycotoxin and potential dehydrogenase inhibitor found in Fusarium. It decreases collage synthesis, suppresses endocytosis, and may damage myocardial tissue.

Myclobutanil is a 14-α demethylase inhibitor that inhibits ergosterol synthesis and fungal cell wall formation. It also weakly inhibits testosterone production.

Nadifloxacin is a bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitor used to treat acne vulgaris. It inhibits Proponibacterium-stimulated cytokine expression and decreases production of oxidative radicals by neutrophils.

Naphazoline HCl is an α1-Adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat congestion and ocular pathologies. It also induces autophagy and necrotic cell death in erythroleukemia cells and inhibits erythroid differentiation.

Naphazoline nitrate is α1-Adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat congestion and ocular pathologies. It also induces autophagy and necrotic cell death in erythroleukemia cells and inhibits erythroid differentiation.

beta-Naphthoflavone is a AhR agonist and antioxidant. It inhibits cigarette smoked-induced DNA damage and tumor development and induces cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells.

D-(+)-Neopterin is an endogenous pteridine metabolite of GTP used as an endogenous biomarker of cellular immune response and oxidative stress.

Nifursol is a livestock feed additive and antiobiotic used to prevent the growth of histomonas.

HLI373 is a water-soluble inhibitor of Hdm2. HLI373 is effective in inducing apoptosis of several tumor cells lines that are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. HLI373 could serve as a potential lead for developing cancer therapeutics based on inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase activity of Hdm2.

J1038 is a novel Inhibitor of Histone Deacetylase 8 (HDAC8).

GQ-16 is an effective inhibitor of Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ. GQ-16 improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mouse models of obesity and diabetes without inducing weight gain or edema.

PF-04981517, also known as CYP3cide, is a potent and selective time dependent inactivator of Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). CYP3cide is a very useful tool for understanding the relative roles of CYP3A4 versus CYP3A5 and the impact of CYP3A5 genetic polymorphism on a compound's pharmacokinetics.

LPA5-IN-4 is the first non-lipid, small-molecule inhibitor for LPA5/GPR92, specifically inhibiting LPA-mediated platelet activation in vitro.

NMS-E973 is a novel, selective and potent inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). NMS-E973 displays significant efficacy in a human ovarian A2780 xenograft tumor model, with a mechanism of action confirmed in vivo by typical modulation of known Hsp90 client proteins, and with a favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile. The efficacy profile of NMS-E973 suggests a potential for development in different clinical settings, including tumors that have become resistant to molecular targeted agents, particularly in cases of tumors which reside beyond the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

4-Azido-L-phenylalanine, also known as azF, is a genetically-encoded molecular probe. azF is used to study GPCRs in their native cellular environment or under detergent solubilized conditions.

Chlorfenson is used to treat onychomycosis (nail fungus) as the primary indication.

Monocrotophos is an organophosphate insecticide that blocks monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase.

BTT-3033 is a α2β1 integrin inhibitor. BTT-3033 blocks platelet attachment under flow (90 dynes/cm(2)). The action of BTT-3033, unlike that of BTT-3034, was dependent on Tyr-285.

CU-CPT22 is the first probe for the complex between toll-like receptors TLR1 and TLR2. CU-CPT22 binds at the interface of TLR1 and TLR2 (IC50 = 0.58 μM).

SJA6017, also known as Calpain Inhibitor VI, is a calpain inhibitor (calpain-1; IC50 = 7.5 nM) and m-calpain (calpain-2; IC50 = 78 nM). It also inhibits cathepsins B and L (IC50s = 15 and 1.6 nM, respectively). Treatment with SJA6017 reduces apoptotic cell death, preserves spinal cord tissue and improves functional outcome. Treating calpain-induced apoptosis with this agent may be a feasible therapeutic strategy for patients with spinal cord injury.

D-AP7 is a specific NMDA antagonist and is the more active form of DL-AP7. D-AP7 enhanced motility, exhibited anxiogenic-like effect and impaired consolidation in passive avoidance.

SSD114 is a GABAB positive allosteric modulator. SSD114 potentiated GABA-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding to native GABAB receptors, whereas it had no effect when used alone. SSD114, a molecule with a different chemical structure compared to known GABAB PAMs, is a novel GABAB PAM with potential usefulness in the GABAB-receptor research field.

ABH , also known as Amino-2-Borono-6-Hexanoic Acid, is an arginase inhibitor, enhancing both male and female sexual arousal responses.

SCH 336 is a potent, selective, inverse and orally active CB2 agonist. SCH 336 inhibits BaF3/CB2 migration. SCH 336 significantly inhibits the migration of leukocytes in vivo. SCH 336 blocks ovalbumin-induced lung eosinophilia in mice.

RQ-00311651 is a novel T-type Ca2+ channel blocker, in distinct rodent models for neuropathic and visceral pain. RQ-00311651 strongly suppressed T currents when tested at holding potentials of -65 ～ -60 mV, but not -80 mV, in the Cav3.1- or Cav3.2-expressing cells. RQ-00311651 also inhibited high K-induced Ca signaling in those cells.

YD2 is a porphyrin sensitizer. YD2 is a useful material for making solar cell. Cosensitization of YD2-o-C8 with another organic dye enhances the performance of the device, leading to a measured power conversion efficiency of 12.3% under simulated air mass 1.5 global sunlight.

UBP608 is NMDA receptor family allosteric modulator that selectively inhibits GluN1/GluN2A receptors with a 23-fold selectivity compared to GluN1/GluN2D receptors.

UBP714 is a derivative of the NMDA receptor negative allosteric modulator UBP608 (SML0606). UBP714 also enhanced NMDAR mediated field EPSPs in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. UBP714 is therefore a novel template for the development of potent and subunit selective NMDAR potentiators that may have therapeutic applicability in the treatment of patients with cognitive deficits or schizophrenia.

GNE-9278 is a potent and selective NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator that acts via the transmembrane domain. Mutation of a single residue near the Lurcher motif on GluN1 M3 can convert GNE-9278 modulation from positive to negative, and replacing three AMPAR pre-M1 residues with corresponding NMDAR residues can confer GNE-9278 sensitivity to AMPARs. Modulation by GNE-9278 is state-dependent and significantly alters extracellular domain pharmacology.

ML204 is a novel and potential TRPC4 Channel inhibitor. ML204 inhibited TRPC4β-mediated intracellular Ca(2+) rise with an IC(50) value of 0.96 μm and exhibited 19-fold selectivity against muscarinic receptor-coupled TRPC6 channel activation. ML204 represents an excellent novel tool for investigation of TRPC4 channel function and may facilitate the development of therapeutics targeted to TRPC4.

MDK6574, also known as FAA1 agonist-1, is a FAA1 agonist. MDK6574 has CAS#2102196-57-4. The last 4 digit of its CAS# is used for naming for the convenience of scientific communication.

PF-06465469 is a potent, covalent inhibitor of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Itk (IL-2 inducible T-cell kinase), which is expressed primarily in immune cells, and is strongly upregulated following activation of T-cells. PF-06465469 inhibits Itk enzymatic activity with an IC50 of 2 nM.

Anavex2-73 is a muscarinic/σ1 ligand. ANAVEX2-73 (0.01-3.0 mg/kg i.p.) alleviated the scopolamine- and dizocilpine-induced learning impairments. ANAVEX2-73 (300 μg/kg) also reversed the learning deficits in mice injected with Aβ(25-35) peptide, a non-transgenic Alzheimer's disease model. The neuroprotective activity of ANAVEX2-73, its mixed cholinergic/σ(1) activity, its low active dose range and its long duration of action together reinforce its therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease.

L-p-Bromotetramisole is a cell-permeable inhibitor of all four human AP isoenzymes (Kis =18 and 56 μM for PLAP and NSAP, respectively).

Alizarin Complexone, also known as Alizarin-3-methyliminodiacetic acid, is use blue dye for biological study.

J9 is a Glucocorticoid resistance inhibitor. J9 Reverses Dexamethasone Resistance in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL).

A22 is an inhibitor of MreB, an actin-like bacterial protein, and has been shown to act as an antiobiotic adjuvant. A22 inhibition of MreB disrupts the bacterial actin cytoskeleton, which can cause an increase in cell permeability and altered transport.

TCS-2002 is a Potent inhibitor of GSK-3β (IC50 = 35 nM). Oral adminstration inhibits cold water stress-induced tau hyperphosphorylation in the mouse brain.

CAY10566 is a potent and selective inhibitor of SCD1 that demonstrates IC50 values of 4.5 and 26 nM in mouse and human enzymatic assays, respectively.

IMB-808 is a potent liver X receptor α and β (LXRα/β) partial dual agonist that promotes expression of genes related to reverse cholesterol transport (including ABCA1 and ABCG1).

TOP1362 is a Narrow Spectrum Kinase Inhibitors Demonstrate Promise for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease and Other Ocular Inflammatory Disorders. TOP1362 strongly inhibited the kinase targets p38α, Syk, Src, and Lck, blocked the rise in p38α expression in hyperosmolar Chang cells, and potently reduced inflammatory cytokine release in cellular models of innate and adaptive immunities. In the EIU model, TOP1362 dose-dependently attenuated the LPS-induced rise in inflammatory cell infiltration and ocular cytokine levels with efficacy comparable to that of dexamethasone.

LJ570 is the first PPARα/γ Dual Agonist Able To Bind to Canonical and Alternative Sites of PPARγ and To Inhibit Its Cdk5-Mediated Phosphorylation. LJ570 is a potent partial agonist of both PPARα and γ subtypes. LJ570 inhibited the Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ at serine 273 that is currently considered the mechanism by which some PPARγ partial agonists exert antidiabetic effects similar to thiazolidinediones, without showing their typical side effects. LJ570 may be useful for treatment of dyslipidemic type 2 diabetes.

RG7834 R-isomer, also known as RO0321, is an enantiomer of RG7834 and a negative control for RG7834. RG7834 R-isomer has R-configuration with CAS#2072057-18-0. RG7834 is a novel oral HBV viral gene expression inhibitor that blocks viral antigen and virion production. RG7834 is highly selective for HBV, and has a unique antiviral profile that is clearly differentiated from nucleos(t)ide analogues.

RO2959 is a novel, potent and selective CRAC current inhibitor. RO2959 completely inhibited cytokine production as well as T cell proliferation mediated by TCR stimulation or MLR (mixed lymphocyte reaction). RO2959 potently blocked TCR triggered gene expression and T cell functional pathways similar to CsA and another calcineurin inhibitor FK506.

Decaethylene glycol is a polyethylene glycol derivative, can be used as a

ARN14974 is a benzoxazolone carboxamide inhibitor of acid ceramidase (IC50 = 79 nM).

5WKS, also known as ZINC97756584, is a biochemical

RGX-104, also known as SB 742881, is a liver X receptor beta agonist with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon oral administration, RGX-104 selectively targets and binds to LXRbeta, thereby activating LXRbeta-mediated signaling, leading to the transcription of certain tumor suppressor genes and the downregulation of certain tumor promoter genes. This particularly activates the expression of apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a tumor suppressor protein, in tumor cells and certain immune cells. This activates the innate immune system, resulting in depletion of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor cells and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment. This reverses immune evasion, enhances anti-tumor immune responses and inhibits proliferation of tumor cells.

cvxIAA is an orthogonal auxin-TIR1 receptor pair. cvxIAA triggers auxin signaling without interfering with endogenous auxin or TIR1/AFBs. cvxIAA hijacked the downstream auxin signaling in vivo both at the transcriptomic level and in specific developmental contexts, only in the presence of a complementary, concave TIR1 (ccvTIR1) receptor. cvxIAA-ccvTIR1 system serves as a powerful tool for solving outstanding questions in auxin biology and for precise manipulation of auxin-mediated processes as a controllable switch.

Bentranil is pesticide agent.

Spermine, a polycationic biogenic polyamine derived from spermidine, may be used in a wide variety of biological applications as a supplement or regulatory agent.Used as co-matrix with DHB for MALDI-MS of sialylated glycans in negative ion mode.

Spermine, a polycationic biogenic polyamine derived from spermidine, may be used in a wide variety of biological applications as a supplement or regulatory agent.Used as co-matrix with DHB for MALDI-MS of sialylated glycans in negative ion mode.

GSK269962 is a selective ROCK inhibitor with IC50 values of 1.6 and 6 nM for ROCK-I and ROCK-II, respectively. GSK 269962 could reverse corticosterone-induced depressive-like behaviour and changes in cystometric parameters associated with detrusor overactivity, as well as undo the alterations of several biomarkers related to both disorders (i.e., pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins) in serum, urinary bladder, and different brain structures.

GK187 is a potent and selective polyfluoroalkyl ketone inhibitors of GVIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2.

ARRY-797, also known as ARRY-371797, is a potent and selective p38α inhibitor (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor). ARRY-371797 Inhibits LPS-Induced IL-6 and In Vivo Growth of RPMI-8226 Human Multiple Myeloma Cells.

PTI-428 is a type of CFTR modulator known as an amplifier, which acts to increase the amount of CFTR proteins a cell makes.

BIBF0775 is an inhibitor of the transforming growth factor β receptor I (TGFβRI). X-ray structure analysis showed that BIBF0775 soaked into the kinase domain of TGFβRI.

GSK805, also known as ROR gamma-t-IN-1, is a potent, orally bioavailable retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) inverse agonist that interacts with the receptor's putative ligand binding domain without exerting significant effects on DNA binding.

LYN-1604 is a novel activator of ULK1, inducing cell death involved in ATF3, RAD21, and caspase3, accompanied by autophagy and apoptosis. LYN-1604 could induce cell death, associated with autophagy by the ULK complex (ULK1-mATG13-FIP200-ATG101) in MDA-MB-231 cells. To further explore LYN-1604-induced autophagic mechanisms, we found some potential ULK1 interactors, such as ATF3, RAD21, and caspase3, by performing comparative microarray analysis. LYN-1604 induced cell death involved in ATF3, RAD21, and caspase3, accompanied by autophagy and apoptosis.

E3L-4133, also known as E3 ligase Ligand 5, is an E3 ligase Ligand that can be used in PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimera) technology to engage an E3 ubiquitin ligase. PROTAC is a two-headed molecule capable of removing specific unwanted proteins. E3L-4133 has CAS#1264754-13-3. The last 4 digits was used for name.

PhTX-433, also known as Philanthotoxin 433, is a polyamine-containing toxin, which blocks NMDA-gated ion channels; originally isolated from the venom of the wasp Philanthus triangulum.

QBS(CU-242) or 2-Amino-N-quinolin-8-yl-benzenesulfonamide, is an Inhibitor of cell cycle at G2 phase; apoptosis inducer. NUN82647 has CAS#16082-64-7, and inchi key: NIOOKXAMJQVDGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N. According to Hodoodo Chemical Nomenclature, It is named: NUN-82647.

CK1-IN-1, is a casein kinase 1 (CK1) inhibitor. PUN51207 was reported in patent WO2015119579A1, compound 1c, has IC50s of 15 nM, 16 nM, 73 nM for CK1δ, and CK1ε, p38σ MAPK, respectively.

Gadobutrol is a medicinal product used in diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adults and children. It provides contrast enhancement during cranial, spinal, breast, or other investigations. In the central nervous system, Gadobutrol works by highlighting any areas with disrupted blood brain barrier (BBB) and/or abnormal vascularity. In breast tissue, Gadobutrol exposes the presence and extent of malignant breast disease. Similarly, gadobutrol is also used in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) for the diagnosis of stroke, detection of tumor perfusion, and presence of focal cerebral ischemia.

CTX-012414 is a KAT6A inhibitor with IC50 value of 0.49 μM and KD value of 0.38 -M.

Myristoyl Pentapeptide-17 is small peptide. Myristoyl Pentapeptide-17 promotes the delivery of key ingredients for quicker lash growth, thus stimulates the hair growth at the follicle. Myristoyl Pentapeptide-17 effectively promotes the growth of eyelashes. It lengthens and thickens the eyelashes, fortifies the hair and noticeably intensifies eye expression.

GAT228 is an allosteric agonist of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), the R-(+)-enantiomer of the CB1 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) GAT229, and a component of the racemic mixture GAT211, which acts as both an agonist and PAM.

GAT229 is a positive allosteric modulator of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and the S-(-) enantiomer of the CB1 modulator GAT211. It does not activate the receptor on its own but enhances the binding and activity of CB agonists.

Vipivotide tetraxetan Ligand-Linker Conjugate (PSMA-617 Ligand-Linker Conjugate) is composed of a linker and Glutamate-urea-Lysine, can be used to synthesize Vipivotide tetraxetan (PSMA-617). Glutamate-urea-Lysine is is the selective pharmacophore to bind to prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA).

PFN62958 is a useful peptide linker for synthesis of PSMA-617 (vipivotide tetraxetan), which is a ligand used to make 177Lu-PSMA-617, which is a radioactive molecule to fight cancer. PSMA-617 originally was developed at the German Cancer Research Center and the Heidelberg University Hospital. ABX held the exclusive license to bring the treatment, which targets prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), through early clinical development. is a tris(tert-butyl)-protected JUN68744 derivative. PFN62958 has CAS#2230662-95-8. According to Hodoodo Chemical Nomenclature, its name is PFN62958

INT-777 is a semisynthetic bile acid that acts as an agonist of TGR5 (EC50 = 0.82 μM). INT-777 mitigates inflammatory response in human endometriotic stromal cells: A therapeutic implication for endometriosis.

KL1333 is an orally available, small organic molecule that reacts with NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) as a substrate, resulting in increases in intracellular NAD+ levels via NADH oxidation. KL-1333 Improves Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in MELAS Fibroblasts.

BAM8-22 is a Endogenous peptide fragment that is a potent agonist for MRGPRX1 (EC50 values are 8 - 150 nM); first isolated from bovine adrenal medulla.

CPFX4158 is a mannose deriviative, and is potentially useful in transgenic humanized-?CEACAM6 mouse as antibacterial agent.

TP-2857 is antimicrobial agent.

LSP-249 is a plasma kallikrein inhibitor for treatment of angioedema.

KUN50259, also known as DAAO inhibitor-1, is a potent D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.12 μM. DAAO inhibitor-1 has CAS#2065250-25-9. It is named as KUN50259 according to Hodoodo Chemical Nomenclature (https://hodoodo.com/hodoodo-chemical-nomenclature).

RP-54745 is an Inhibitor of macrophage stimulation and interleukin-1 production. RP 54745 might influence certain cells and cytokines implicated in the regulation of the immune system, the disfunctioning of which can lead to inflammatory disorders or autoimmune pathologies. RP-54745 is a very attractive antirheumatic compound and a potentially effective treatment in pathologies where IL-1 production is exacerbated.

CG347B is a biochemical.

CPFX2090 is a biochemical.

ITMN 4077 is a biochemical

CPFX1302 is a biochemical

SEP-0371845 is a biochemical

TP-4748 is a biochemical.

TP748 is a bioactive chemical.

ZN2007-RM1 is a bioactive chemical.

CAY10594 is a potent phospholipase D2 inhibitor. CAY10594 ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by regulating the phosphorylated-GSK-3β/JNK axis.

DODAP, also known as 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-dimethylammonium-propane, is a cationic lipid. It has been used as a component in liposomes that can be used to encapsulate siRNA, immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides, antisense oligonucleotides, or chemotherapeutic agents for in vitro and in vivo delivery.

RU-SKI 43 is an inhibitor of Hat. It blocks palmitoylation of Shh without affecting palmitoylation of H-Ras or Fyn, myristoylation of c-Src, or acylation of Wnt3a. RU-SKI-43 reduced pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and Gli-1 activation through Smoothened-independent non-canonical signaling. In addition, RU-SKI 43 treatment inhibited two key proliferative pathways regulated by Akt and mTOR.

CY5.5 carboxylic acid, also known as Cyanine5.5 carboxylic acid, is a Far-red emitting fluorescent dye with Ex/Em wavelength 673nm/707nm. CY5.5 carboxylic acid can be considered non-reactive for most applications and used as a control or reference sample, and for instrument calibration.

PSB-12054 is a potent P2X4 receptor inhibitor. PSB-12054 has IC(50) of 0.189 μM and good selectivity versus the other human P2X receptor subtypes.

ARC39 is acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor (IC50 =20 nM).

MC2050 is a potent PARP-1 inhibitor. The IC50 for inhibition of PARP-1 activity is 119 nM, compared to 1.8 μM for PARP-2. MC2050 inhibits apoptosis and blocks poly ADP-ribosylation of histone H1 in hydrogen peroxide treated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

QUN97653, also known as TBK1/IKKε-IN-5, is a dual TBK1 and IKKε inhibitor, with IC50 values of 1 nM and 5.6 nM for TBK1 and IKKε, respectively. QUN97653 was first reported in patent WO 2016049211. It has CAS#1893397-65-3 without code name. For the convenience of scientific communication, we temporally name it as QUN97653, which was based on Hodoodo Chemical Nomenclature (https://hodoodo.com/hodoodo-chemical-nomenclature).

LUN76721 has CAS#4376-72-1, is a cyclophosphazene and a useful chemical reagent. Cyclophosphazenes have been studied among others as flame retardant additives, high temperature fluids, clathrates, photostabilizers, or antioxidants in organic polymers. Cyclophosphazenes have also been used as phase transfer catalysts, as polypodants and cryptands. Cyclophosphazenes have also been successfully used as biologically active agents. Moreover cyclotriphosphazenes, were used for polymer functionalization and synthesis, as pendant groups or monomers for polyphosphazene synthesis, especially those bearing six chlorine atoms or phenoxy groups.

Boc-Val-Cit-PAB is a linker for Antibody-Drug-Conjugation (ADC). The Val-Cit will specifically be cleaved by catepsin B. As this enzyme is only present in the lysosome the ADC payload will be release only in the cell. The Boc group can be deprotected under acidic conditions to generate a free amine group.

UTL-5g is a novel potential chemoprotective agent, TNF-α inhibitor that reduces cisplatin-induced side effects including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity. It lowers elevated levels of AST, ALT, creatinine, BUN, and TNF-α, increases the reduced platelet count in mice, and acts as a novel chemo- and radioprotective agent.

ML188 is a Potent Noncovalent Small Molecule Inhibitor of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 3CL Protease. The X-ray structure of SARS-CoV 3CLpro bound with ML188 was instrumental in guiding subsequent rounds of chemistry optimiz

LY-3381916, also known as IDO1-IN-5, is a potent, selective and brain penetrated DO1 inhibitor. LY3381916 specifically targets and binds to IDO1, a cytosolic enzyme responsible for the oxidation of the amino acid tryptophan into the immunosuppressive metabolite kynurenine. By inhibiting IDO1 and decreasing kynurenine in tumor cells, LY3381916 restores and promotes the proliferation and activation of various immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and T lymphocytes, and causes a reduction in tumor-associated regulatory T cells (Tregs).

ML417 is a Highly Selective D3 Dopamine Receptor Agonist. ML417 potently promotes D3R-mediated β-arrestin translocation, G protein activation, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation (pERK) while lacking activity at other dopamine receptors. Screening of ML417 against multiple G protein-coupled receptors revealed exceptional global selectivity. Molecular modeling suggests that ML417 interacts with the D3R in a unique manner, possibly explaining its remarkable selectivity. ML417 was also found to protect against neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons derived from iPSCs.

Fentin is an organotin compound (OTC) widely used as an agricultural fungicide and miticide.

Methyldymron is a bioactive chemical.

Noreximide is a sedative.

DNOC is an agricultural chemical.

Robinin is a flavone glycoside based on kaempferol.

Sodium cacodylate is an arsenical that has been used as a dermatologic agent and as an herbicide.

C.I. 37530 is a color developer.