Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial,

SK1-I hydrochloride (BML-258 hydrochloride), an analog of sphingosine, is an isozyme-specific competitive SPHK1 inhibitor with a Ki value of 10 µM. SK1-I hydrochloride (BML-258 hydrochloride) has good water solubility. SK1-I hydrochloride (BML-258 hydroch

SK1-I (BML-258), an analog of sphingosine, is an isozyme-specific competitive SPHK1 inhibitor with a Ki value of 10 µM. SK1-I (BML-258) has good water solubility. SK1-I (BML-258) shows no activity at SPHK1 PKCα, PKCδ, PKA, AKT1, ERK1, EGFR, CDK2, IKKβ or

Complement factor D-IN-2 is an inhibitor of complement factor D extracted from patent WO2015130838A1, compound 190. Complement factor D-IN-2 targets factor D and inhibits the complement cascade at an early and essential point in the alternative complement pathway. Complement factor D-IN-2 can be used for the research of autoimmune diseases.

MCC7840 sodium, a sulfonylurea, is a potent and selective inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome, with an IC50 of <100 nM. MCC7840 sodium can be used for the research of inflammatory diseases.

MCC7840, a sulfonylurea, is a potent and selective inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome, with an IC50 of <100 nM. MCC7840 can be used for the research of inflammatory diseases.

PD-1/PD-L1-IN 3, a macrocyclic peptide, is a potent and selective inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 and CD80/PD-L1 interactions extracted from patent WO2014151634A1, compound No.1. PD-1/PD-L1-IN 3 interferes with PD-L1 binding to PD-1 and CD80 by binding to PD-L1, with IC50s of 5.60 nM and 7.04 nM, respectively. PD-1/PD-L1-IN 3 can be used for the research of various diseases, including cancer and infectious diseases.

TPP-1 is a potent inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. TPP-1 binds specifically to PD-L1 with a high affinity (KD=95 nM). TPP-1 inhibits human tumor growth in vivo via reactivating T-cell function.

TPP-1 TFA is a potent inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. TPP-1 TFA binds specifically to PD-L1 with a high affinity (KD=95 nM). TPP-1 TFA inhibits human tumor growth in vivo via reactivating T-cell function.

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-NP19 is a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 12.5 nM for human PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-NP19 could activate the immune microenvironment in tumor, which may contribute to its antitumor effects.

IACS-8803 disodium is a highly potent cyclic dinucleotide STING agonist. IACS-8803 disodium has a robust systemic antitumor efficacy.

Enpatoran (M5049) is an orally active and dual TLR7/8 inhibitor with IC50s of 11.1 nM and 24.1 nM in HEK293 cells, respectively. Enpatoran can block both innate and adaptive autoimmunity. Enpatoran is inactive against TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9. Enpatoran (M5049) can block molecule synthetic ligands and natural endogenous RNA ligands. Enpatoran (M5049) inhibits cytokine release, causing great potency in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties.

MEG (Mercaptoethylguanidine) hemisulfate is a potent and selective inhibitor of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS), with EC50s of 11.5, 110, and 60 μM for iNOS, ecNOS, and bNOS respectively in tissue homogenates. MEG hemisulfate is also a potent scavenger of peroxynitrite and inhibits peroxynitrite-induced oxidative processes. MEG hemisulfate has a protective effect in many experimental models of inflammation, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, periodontitis, hemorrhagic shock, inflammatory bowel disease, and endotoxic and septic shock.

PMX 205 is a potent complement C5a receptor (C5aR; CD88) antagonist.

Teriflunomide impurity 3 (4-Amino-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)benzamide) is a selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 30 µM. Teriflunomide impurity 3 is less active against COX-2 (IC50>100 µM).

Nω-Propyl-L-arginine (N-omega-Propyl-L-arginine) hydrochloride is a potent, competitive, and highly selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), with a Ki of 57 nM. Nω-Propyl-L-arginine hydrochloride displays a 149-fold selectivity for nN

NOS-IN-1 is a potent and orally active NO synthase (NOS) isoforms inhibitor with IC50s of 0.1 μM, 1.1 μM, and 0.2 μM for human iNOS (hiNOS), heNOS and hnNOS, respectively.

Compstatin control peptide is a complement inhibitor that binds and inhibits cleavage of complement C3.

(±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of Catechin. (±)-Catechin has two steric forms of (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects.

Isomaculosidine is an alkaloid that can be isolated from D. dasycarpus. Isomaculosidine can inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells.

Physalin L inhibits LPS-induced NO production in macrophages with the average inhibitory rate of 70.97%. Anti-inflammatory activity.

Huangjiangsu A, pseudoprotodioscin, methyl protobioside, protodioscin, and protodeltonin, isolated from D. villosa. Huangjiangsu A has hepatoprotective potential against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and ROS generation and could be promising as potential therapeutic agents for liver diseases.

(+)-Schisandrin B is an enantiomer of Schisandrin B. Schisandrin B is an active dibenzocyclooctadiene derivative isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis, has antioxidant effect on rodent liver and heart.

5-Hydroxyoxindole is a structural analog of uric acid. 5-Hydroxyoxindole has DPPH radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation-inhibitory activities. 5-Hydroxyoxindole can be used for the research of oxidative stress-mediated disorders.

(E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid is the less active isomer of 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid is a monomer extracted and purified from Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk. 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid exerts anti-apoptotic effects on L-02 cells via the ROS-mediated signaling pathway. Anti-apoptotic effects.

RS 09 is a TLR4 agonist. RS 09 promotes NF-κB nuclear translocation and induces inflammatory cytokine secretion in RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. RS 09 acts as an adjuvant in vivo; RS 09 enhances X-15 specific antibody serum concentrations, when administered with X-15-KLH in mice.

AXC-715 hydrochloride is a TLR7/TLR8 dual agonist, extracted from patent WO2020168017 A1.

POT-4 (AL-78898A), a Compstatin derivative, is a potent inhibitor of complement factor C3 activation. POT-4 can be used for age-related macular degeneration research

Ferric citrate (Iron(III) citrate), an orally active iron supplement, is an efficacious phosphate binder. Ferric citratee can be used for iron deficiency anemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) research.

4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone exhibits COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity.

Furanodiene is a natural terpenoid isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae. Furanodiene plays anti-cancer effects through anti-angiogenesis and inducing ROS production, DNA strand breaks and apoptosis. Furanodiene suppresseed efflux transporter Pgp (P-glycoprotein) function and reduced Pgp protein level.

3-O-Acetyl-16α-hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid, an anti-inflammatory triterpenoid, inhibits NO production and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells.

2,4,6-Trichlorol-3-methyl-5-methoxy-phenol 1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside is a chlorophenyl glycoside found in the bulbs of Lilium brownie var. viridulum. 2,4,6-Trichlorol-3-methyl-5-methoxy-phenol 1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside exhibits weak inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene is a dihydrophenanthrene derivative that can be isolated from the air-dried whole plant of Pholidota chinensis Lindl.. 2,4,7-Trihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene shows potent activities of IC50 at 16.2 μM in DPPH radical-scavenging assay.

3-Demethylcolchicine, a colchicine metabolite, possesses a hydroxy-group on its carbon ring that could participate in radical scavenging and markedly inhibits the carrageenin edema.

Brassicin, a natural Flavonoid, possesses radical scavenging activity.

POT-4 TFA (AL-78898A TFA), a Compstatin derivative, is a potent inhibitor of complement factor C3 activation. POT-4 TFA can be used for age-related macular degeneration research.

Amaroswerin is a bioactive secoiridoid glucoside from Swertia mussotii. Amaroswerin has anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiviral, anticholinergic and immunomodulatory activities. Amaroswerin inhibits NO release with an IC50 value of 5.42 μg/mL in RAW264.7 cells.

Uric acid sodium, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid sodium can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

Norbergenin, the O-demethyl derivative of bergenin, shows moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 13 μM in DPPH radical scavenging; 32 μM in superoxide anion scavenging).

STING inhbiitor, which inhibited the activation of the STING signal pathway and to prevent or treat a STING-​mediated disease.

STING inhbiitor, which inhibited the activation of the STING signal pathway and to prevent or treat a STING-​mediated disease.

CAY10614 is a potent TLR4 antagonist. CAY10614 inhibits the lipid A-induced activation of TLR4, with an IC50 of 1.675 μM. CAY10614 can improve survival of mice in lethal endotoxin shock model.

(±)11(12)-EET is a NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. (±)11(12)-EET can be used for the research of anti-inflammatory, angiogenic and cardioprotective.

Humulone (α-Lupulic acid), a prenylated phloroglucinol derivative, is a potent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Humulone acts as a positive modulator of GABAA receptor at low micromolar concentrations. Humulone is an inhibitor of bone resorption. Humulone possesses antioxidant, anti-angiogenic and apoptosis-inducing properties.

Regaloside A, a phenylpropanoid, shows significant DPPH radical scavenging activity of 58.0% at 160 ppm. Regaloside A has anti-inflammatory activity.

Plantanone B is a moderate antioxidant-agent with an IC50 of 169.8±5.2 μM. Plantanone B shows significant ovine COX-1 and moderate COX-2 inhibitory activities. Plantanone B has the potential for inflammation-related diseases research.

Randialic acid B, a triterpenoid compound, is a formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) antagonist. Randialic acid B blocks FPR1 in human neutrophils and attenuates psoriasis-like inflammation in vivo.

Spiraeoside, an orally active natural compound, exerts antioxidant activity, inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde production. Spiraeoside possesses antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.

Stepharine, an natural alkaloid, directly interactes with TLR4 and binds to the TLR4/MD2 complex (TLR4 inhibitor). Stepharine possesses anti-aging, anti-viral and anti-hypertensive effects.

E7766 diammonium salt is a macrocycle-bridged STING agonist with a Kd of 40 nM. E7766 diammonium salt shows potent pan-genotypic and antitumor activities.

JC124 is a specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. JC124 has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.

Valeriandoid F is an iridoid, which potently inhibits NO production with an IC50 value of 0.88 μM. Valeriandoid F has anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities.

Luciferase-IN-1 is a luciferase inhibitor.

SDZ 224-015 is an orally active inhibitor of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) converting enzyme and caspase-1. SDZ 224-015 possesses anti-COVID-19 activity, targeting Mpro (IC50 of 30 nM).

IL-17A inhibitor 1 (example 24) is a IL-17A inhibitor, with IC50 values of <9.45 nM and 9.3 nM in alphalisa assay and HT-29 cells.

PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-5 is a PROTAC-based IRAK4 degrader extracted from patent US20190192668A1, compound I-171.

IL-17 modulator 3 is an IL-17 modulator (US20200247785A1). IL-17 modulator 3 can be used for the research of inflammation, cancer and autoimmune diseases.

PD-1-IN-17 TFA is a programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor extracted from patent WO2015033301A1, Compound 12, inhibits 92% splenocyte proliferation at 100 nM.

BMS-986299 (compound 112) is a first-in-class NLRP3 inflammasome agonist with an EC50 of 1.28 μM. (patent WO2018152396A1).

Pepinh-TRIF (TFA) is a 30 aa peptide that blocks TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) signaling by interfering with TLR-TRIF interaction.

Ketorolac D4 (RS37619 D4) is the deuterium labeled Ketorolac. Ketorolac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, acting as a nonselective COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2.

Rofecoxib D5 (MK 966 D5) is the deuterium labeled Rofecoxib. Rofecoxib is a potent, specific and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 26 and 18 nM for human COX-2 in human osteosarcoma cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells, with a 1000-fold selectivity for COX-2 over human COX-1 (IC50 > 50 μM in U937 cells and > 15 μM in Chinese hamster ovary cells).

Xylopine is an aporphine alkaloid with cytotoxic activity on cancer cells. Xylopine induces oxidative stress, causes G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells.

Carboxyebselen (HOOC-Ebs) is a potent and selective inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).

Kdo2-Lipid A ammonium is a chemically defined lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with endotoxin activity equal to LPS. Kdo2-Lipid A ammonium is highly selective for TLR4. Kdo2-Lipid A ammonium stimulates the release of both TNF and PGE2.

STING agonist-3 trihydrochloride, extracted from patent WO2017175147A1 (example 10), is a selective and non-nucleotide small-molecule STING agonist with a pEC50 and pEC50 of 7.5 and 9.5, respectively. STING agonist-3 trihydrochloride has durable anti-tumor effect and tremendous potential to improve treatment of cancer.

Kazinol B, a prenylated flavan with a dimethyl pyrane ring, is an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) production. Kazinol B improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing glucose uptake via the insulin-Akt signaling pathway and AMPK activation. Kazinol B has the potential for diabetes mellitus research.

Monophosphoryl lipid A (Glucopyranosyl lipid A) is a toll-like receptor 4 agonist. Monophosphoryl lipid A is derived from the cell wall of nonpathogenic Salmonella. Monophosphoryl lipid A can be used for the research of immunization and vaccine.

E7766 disodium is a macrocycle-bridged STING agonist with a Kd of 40 nM. E7766 disodium shows potent pan-genotypic and antitumor activities.

Euparin, a monomeric compound of Benzofuran, is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor. Euparin shows antiviral activity against poliovirus, and also has antidepressant effects.

PD-1-IN-20 is the less active enantiomer of PD-1-IN-1. PD-1-IN-1 is an inhibitor of programmed cell dealth-1 (PD-1) extracted from patent WO 2015033299 A1, compound example 4.

RS 09 TFA is a TLR4 agonist. RS 09 TFA promotes NF-κB nuclear translocation and induces inflammatory cytokine secretion in RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. RS 09 TFA acts as an adjuvant in vivo; RS 09 TFA enhances X-15 specific antibody serum concentrations, when administered with X-15-KLH in mice.

Compstatin control peptide TFA is a complement inhibitor that binds and inhibits cleavage of complement C3.

IL-17 modulator 4 is a prodrug of IL-17 modulator 1. IL-17 modulator 1 is an orally active, highly efficacious IL-17 modulator.

Zabedosertib (BAY 1834845) is a IRAK4 inhibitor with immunomodulatory potential. IRAK4 is a protein kinase involved in signaling innate immune responses from Toll-like receptors.

Selnoflast (example 6) is a NLRP3 inhibitor (extracted from patent WO2019008025).

Vemircopan is a complement factor D inhibitor.

Zaloglanstat (ISC-27864) is the inhibitor of the microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), and can be used to study asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute or chronic pain and neurodegenerative diseases, etc.

Ulevostinag (MK-1454) is a STING agonist.

Guretolimod is a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist.

Afimetoran is a toll-like receptor antagonist, which can be used in the research of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) diammonium is a STING activator and a global bacterial second messenger, which regulates biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in diverse bacterial species.

Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), an endogenous lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoid mediator, has potent dual pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory properties. Lipoxin A4 inhibits proliferation and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production of human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) associated with the ERK1/2 and NF-kB pathways. Lipoxin A4 inhibits serum amyloid A (SAA)-mediated IL-8 release with an IC50 value of 25.74 nM.

IACS-8803 diammonium is a highly potent cyclic dinucleotide STING agonist. IACS-8803 diammonium has a robust systemic antitumor efficacy.

IL-4-inhibitor-1 (compound 52) is an IL-4 inhibitor, with an EC50 of 1.81 µM.

Carboxy-PTIO is a potent nitric oxide (NO) scavenger that can make a quick reaction with NO to produce NO2. Carboxy-PTIO can prevent hypotension and endotoxic shock through the direct scavenging action against NO in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat model.

TJ-M2010-5 is a MyD88 inhibitor that binds to the TIR domain of MyD88 to interfere with its homodimerization, and the TLR/MyD88 signal pathway. TJ-M2010-5 can be used for the research of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI).

Lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of Staphylococcus aureus, activates the complement system via C3 induction and CD55 inhibition.

CU CPT 4a is a potent inhibitor of the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)/double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) complex. CU CPT 4a shows dose-dependent inhibitory effects blocking Poly (I:C)-induced TLR3 activation with an IC50 of 3.44 µM.

N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester is an esterified form of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester exhibits enhanced cell permeability, and produce NAC and cysteine. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester increases circulating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and can be used as an H2S producer. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester has the potential to substitute NAC as a mucolytic agent, and as a GSH-related antioxidant.

Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-2 is a novel heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.95 μM) with potent in vitro antiproliferative activity.

NLRP3-IN-4 is potent and orally active NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor with inflammatory activity for colitis.

FeTPPS, a 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin iron III chloride peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, possessed evident neuroprotective effects in a experimental model of spinal cord damage. FeTPPS acts as a peroxynitrite scavenger and anti-nitrating agent in vivo. FeTPPS reduces nitric oxide (NO) production and apoptosis process.

CXCR4 antagonist 2 is a CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 value of 47 nM.

Clematomandshurica saponins B shows significant inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase-2 (IC50=2.58 mM).

(Rac)-γ-Tocopherol (DMPBQ) is a Vitamin E isoform, which is converted by tocopherol cyclase to γ-Tcopherol.

Enflicoxib (E 6087) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compound that selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).  Enflicoxib does not inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). E-6087 shows anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities in animal models.

XJB-5-131 is a mitochondria-targeted ROS and electron scavenger. XJB-5-131 is a bi-functional antioxidant that comprises a radical scavenger. XJB-5-131 is a synthetic antioxidant that targets mitochondria. XJB-5-131 is an effective ionizing irradiation protector and mitigator of cord blood mononuclear cells (CB MNCs).

Mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG) dihydrobromide is selective inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase and peroxynitrite scavenger. Mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG) dihydrobromide has the potential for inflammatory bowel diseases research.

IL-17A modulator-2 is a IL-17A modulator, extracted from patent WO2021239743+A1, example 27. IL-17A modulator-2 inhibits the biological action of IL-17A with a pIC50 of 8.3. IL-17A modulator-2 can be used for the research of diseases or disorders associated with modulation of IL-17A activity including diseases with an immune component or autoimmune pathol, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

IL-17A modulator-1 is a IL-17A modulator, extracted from patent WO2021239743+A1, example 9. IL-17A modulator-1 inhibits the biological action of IL-17A with a pIC50 of 8.2. IL-17A modulator-1 can be used for the research of diseases or disorders associated with modulation of IL-17A activity including diseases with an immune component or autoimmune pathol, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) disodium is a STING activator and a global bacterial second messenger, which regulates biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in diverse bacterial species.

Crocin-4, a carotenoid constituent of saffron, is a potent and brain-penetrant antioxidant agent. Crocin-4 can inhibit the aggregation and the concomitant deposition of Aβ fibrils in the brain. Crocin-4 can be used for the research of Alzheimer's Disease. Crocin-4 also exhibits antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities.

COX-2-IN-6 is a gut-restricted selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor for chemoprevention of colorectal cancer.

CL097, a potent TLR7/8 agonist, induces pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. CL097 induces NADPH oxidase priming, resulting in an increase of the fMLF-stimulated ROS production.

cGAMP (Cyclic GMP-AMPP) diammonium functions as an endogenous second messenger in metazoans and triggers interferon production in response to cytosolic DNA. cGAMP diammonium activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which activates a signaling cascade leading to the production of type I interferons and other immune mediators.

NLRP3 modulators 1 is the potent modulator of NLRP3. NLRP3 modulators 1 agonizes or partially agonizes NLRP3 that are useful for researching a condition, disease or disorder in which a decrease in LRP3 activity contributes to the pathology (extracted from patent WO2017184746A1, compound 107).

PD-L1-IN-1 is a potent PD-L1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 115 nM. PD-L1-IN-1 strongly binds with the PD-L1 protein and challenged it in a co-culture of PD-L1 expressing cancer cells (PC9 and HCC827 cells) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells enhanced antitumor immune activity of the latter. PD-L1-IN-1 significantly increased interferon γ release and apoptotic induction of cancer cells, with low cytotoxicity in healthy cells.

ARB-272572 is a potent small-molecule PD-L1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 400 pM.

SN-008, a less active SN-011 analog, can be used as a negative control.

Tri(TLR4-IN-C34-PEG2-amide-PEG1)-amide-C3-COOH is a linker that incorporates TLR4 inhibitor TLR4-IN-C34. TLR4-IN-C34 inhibits TLR4 in enterocytes and macrophages, and reduces systemic inflammation in mouse models of endotoxemia and necrotizing enterocolitis.

GSK1795091 (CRX-601), an immunologic stimulator, is a synthetic TLR4 agonist. Antitumor activity. GSK1795091 can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance both mucosal and systemic immunity to influenza virus vaccines.

Polvitolimod is a TLR7 agonist for treatment of cancer and infectious disease.

Poly(I:C) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist. Poly(I:C) present in some viruses, and is therefore commonly used to model the actions of extracellular dsRNA.

Ruzotolimod is the agonist of TLR7. Ruzotolimod has the potential for the research of HBV, COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection (extracted from patent WO2021130195A1).

TLR7/8 agonist 4 TFA (compound 41) is a potent TLR7/8 agonist. TLR7/8 agonist 4 has anti-cancer activity.

IL-17A inhibitor 2 is an IL-17A inhibitor for treating psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis.

Rafutrombopag is a thrombopoietin (TPO) agonist extracted from patent CN113929668 A.

L-Arginine-13C6,15N4 ((S)-(+)-Arginine-13C6,15N4) hydrochloride is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.

L-Arginine-13C6 ((S)-(+)-Arginine-13C6) hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.

Dihydromyristicin, a plant flavonoid, has potent anti-inflammatory properties. Dihydromyristicin reduces endotoxic inflammation via repressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Clopirac is a potent and orally active inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase. Clopirac is an anti-inflammatory agent.

Fusarochromanone (FC-101) is a fungal metabolite with potent anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer activity. Fusarochromanone-activated JNK pathway is attributed to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Benoxaprofen (LRCL 3794) is a potent and long-acting anti-inflammatory and antipyretic compound. Benoxaprofen is a relatively weak inhibitor of cyclooxygenase in in vitro systems, inhibits lipoxygenase in other systems, and inhibits monocyte migration in some animal models of inflammation.

Tazofelone (LY 213829) is a cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II) inhibitor. Tazofelone transform into sulfoxide and quinol metabolites is primarily mediated by CYP3A. Tazofelone can be used for the research of inflammatory bowel disease.

AXC-715 trihydrochloride is a TLR7/TLR8 dual agonist, extracted from patent WO2020168017 A1. AXC-715 trihydrochloride, compound D from WO2020190734A1, can be used for synthesis of antibody-adjuvant immunoconjugates, comprising an antibody construct that binds programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) linked to one or more adjuvants.

Ecabet sodium (TA-2711) is currently applied to some clinical gastrointestinal disease by inhibiting the ROS production and improving Helicobacter pylori eradication. Ecabet sodium reduces apoptosis

IL-17 modulator 5 (compound 26) is a IL-17 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 1 nM.

Brp-201 is considered as a promising therapeutic target for the next generation of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. It is a new, effective and selective inhibitor of mPGES-1 with an IC50 value of 0.42 μM.

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-23 is a potent and orally active inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-23 is an ester prodrug of L7. L7 is a benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole derivative and biologically evaluated as inhibitors of PD-L1. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-23 displays significant antitumor effects in tumor models of syngeneic and PD-L1 humanized mice.

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-13 (Compound 43) is a potent immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 10.2 nM. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-13 promots CD8+ T cell activation and delays the tumor growth in the Hepa1-6 syngeneic mouse model.

L-Arginine-1,2-13C2 ((S)-(+)-Arginine-1,2-13C2) hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.

L-Arginine-1-13C ((S)-(+)-Arginine-1-13C) hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.

L-Arginine-13C ((S)-(+)-Arginine-13C) hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled L-Arginine hydrochloride. L-Arginine hydrochloride ((S)-(+)-Arginine hydrochloride) is the nitrogen donor for synthesis of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator that is deficient during times of sickle cell crisis.

Aminopicoline (Ascensil) is a potent and nonselective inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS) isoenzymes (iNOS, nNOS, eNOS).

7-Nitroindazole is a selective nNOS inhibitor with antinociceptive and cardiovascular effects. 7-Nitroindazole is a useful tool to evaluate the biological roles of nitric oxide in the central nervous system.

D-Isofloridoside, one of the polysaccharide precursors, has the activity of scavenging free radicals, inhibiting ROS expression, and inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9.

β-D-glucan is a natural non-digestible polysaccharide and high biocompatibility that can be selectively recognized by recognition receptors such as Dectin-1 and Toll-like receptors as well as being easily internalized by murine or human macrophages, which is likely to attribute to a target delivery. β-d-glucan is an enteric delivery vehicle for probiotics.

Cemdisiran is an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) conjugated siRNA for the treatment of complement-mediated diseases by suppressing liver production of complement 5 (C5) protein.

IRAK4-IN-8 (VI-177) is a potent IRAK4 inhibitor.

NLRP3 antagonist 1 is a potent antagonist of NLRP3. NLRP3 is mainly expressed in macrophages and neutrophils and is involved in the body's intrinsic immunity against pathogenic infections and stress injury. NLRP3 antagonist 1 has the potential for the research of cancer disease (extracted from patent WO2021114691A1, compound 3).

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-14 (compound 17) is a bifunctional inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions, with an IC50 of 27.8 nM. PD-1/PD-L1-IN-14 (compound 17) inhibits PD-1/PD-L1 interactions and promotes dimerization, internalization, and degradation of PD-L1.

[D-Leu-4]-OB3 inhibits expressions of pro-inflammatory, proliferative and metastatic genes and PD-L1 expression. [D-Leu-4]-OB3 stimulates expression of pro-apoptotic genes.

IACS-8779 disodium is a highly potent stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist with robust systemic antitumor efficacy. IACS-8779 disodium shows robust activation of the STING pathway in vitro and a superior systemic anti-tumor response in the B16 murine model of melanoma.

STING agonist-8 is a potent STING agonist with an EC50 of 27 nM in THP1-Dual KI-hSTING-R232 cells (WO2021239068A1, compound 5-AB).

STING agonist-7 is a non-nucleotide STING agonist. STING agonist-7 binds selectively to mouse STING but not human STING. STING agonist-7 penetrates cell membrane poorly.

TLR7/8 agonist 6 (Compound 4) is the potent agonist of TLR7/8 with IC50s of 0.18 and 5.34 μM, respectively. TLR7/8 agonist 6 is an imidazoquinoline derivative compound. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8 are key targets in the development of immunomodulatory drugs for treating infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.

D18 is an immune modulator. D18 acts as a TLR7/8 dual agonist (EC50=24 nM for hTLR7 and 10 nM for hTLR8, respectively). D18 increases PD-L1 expression through epigenetic regulation, thus sensitizing tumors to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. D18 is a ADC cytotoxin uesd for the systhesis of ADC HE-S2.

SM-360320 (CL-087) is a potent, oral actively TLR7 agonist. SM-360320 is a mmuno-modulator and exerts an antitumor effect. SM-360320 can act in synergy with DNA vaccines leading to an enhanced Th1 antibody response. SM-360320 can inhibit HCV replication in hepatocytes via a type I IFN-independent mechanism in addition to its IFN-mediated activity.

DB-3-291 is potent and selective CSK degrader, with a Kd of 1 nM.

TLR7/8 antagonist 2 (Compound 15) is a potent and orally active agonist of TLR7/8 with IC50s of 4.9 and 0.6 nM, respectively. Inappropriate activation of TLR7 and TLR8 is linked to several autoimmune diseases, such as lupus erythematosus. TLR7/8 antagonist 2 has the potential for the research of autoimmune diseases.

TLR7/8 Antagonist 1 (Compound 16c) is the potent antagonist of TLR7/8 with IC50s of 3.91 and 2.19 μM, respectively. TLR7/8 Antagonist 1 is an imidazoquinoline derivative compound. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8 are key targets in the development of immunomodulatory drugs for treating infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.

L-Ascorbic acid-13C6 (L-Ascorbate-13C6) is the 13C-labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells.

L-Ascorbic acid-13C (L-Ascorbate-13C) is the 13C-labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells.

RIDR-PI-103 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced drug release prodrug with a self-cyclizing moiety linked to a pan-PI3K inhibitor (PI-103).

Hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF) is the reagent that can directly detect highly reactive oxygen species (hROS). Hydroxyphenyl fluorescein selectively and dose-dependently reacts with hROS, such as the hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite, which exhibit strong fluorescence.

Tepoxalin is a dual inhibitor of COX and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) with potent anti-inflammatory activity and a favorable gastrointestinal profile.

Anti-inflammatory agent 8 (compound 13) is a tilomisole-based benzimidazothiazole derivative. Anti-inflammatory agent 8 expresses activity on COX-2 enzyme more than COX-1 with an IC50 of 0.09 nM. Anti-inflammatory agent 8 is orally active.

Anti-inflammatory agent 9 (compound 28) is a tilomisole-based benzimidazothiazole derivative. Anti-inflammatory agent 9 expresses activity on COX-2 enzyme more than COX-1. Anti-inflammatory agent 9 is orally active.

Anti-inflammatory agent 10 (compound 30) is a tilomisole-based benzimidazothiazole derivative. Anti-inflammatory agent 10 expresses activity on COX-2 enzyme more than COX-1. Anti-inflammatory agent 10 is orally active.

IL-17 modulator 6 (compound 61) is a potent Interleukin 17 (IL-17) modulator (pIC50=9.1). IL-17 modulator 6 has the ability to inhibit IL-17 and can be used for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

8A8 is a potent proinflammatory factor NO inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 μM. 8A8 also significantly inhibits LPS-induced HaCat cell proliferation.

iNOs-IN-1 (YPW) is a potent inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor. iNOs-IN-1 can significantly inhibit the expression of IL-6 and iNOS, as well as reduce LPS-induced NO generation with dose-dependent manner in mouse macrophages. Anti-inflammatory effects.

3’3’-cGAMP Fluorinated (c-[2'FdGMP]-[2'FdAMP]) is a synthetic analog of cyclic guanosine monophosphate- adenosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP-AMP, cGAMP) with a fluorine atom at 2’ position of the nucleosides. 3’3’-cGAMP is a cyclic di-nucleotide produced by bacteria. It is also referred to as "canonical" cGAMP due the presence of the classical 3’-5’ phosphodiester linkages between the guanosine and the adenosine. It has been reported that cGAMP binds STING (stimulator of IFN genes) and subsequently induces TBK1-IRF3-dependent production of IFN-β [1]. The incorporation of fluorine into biologically active molecules is commonly used in medicinal chemistry to improve their metabolic stability or to modulate physicochemical properties such as lipophilicity [2, 3]. Moreover, the introduction of a fluorine atom can change the biological activities of a molecule. Interestingly, when used at low concentrations in various cellular assays, 3’3’-cGAMP Fluorinated induces higher levels of type I IFNs than does cGAMP. STING ligands such as cGAMP induce type I IFNs and activate interferon stimulated genes (ISG) through IRFs. To facilitate their study, InvivoGen has developed stable reporter cells in two well established immune cell models: THP-1 human monocytes and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. These cells express a reporter gene (SEAP or Lucia luciferase), under control of an IRF-inducible promoter.

ABC 294640 (ABC294640, Opaganib) is a is a selective, competitive and orally bioavailable sphingosine kinase-2 (SphK-2) inhibitor with IC50 of 60 uM, Ki of 9.8 uM.

A potent, selective FLAP inhibitor with binding IC50 of 2.6 nM; inhibits LTB4 synthesis following ionophore challenge in human whole blood with IC50 of 76 nM (5 h incubation); shows good selectivity over CYP3A4, 2C9, and 2D6; exhibits excellent preclinical toxicology, pharmacokinetics and oral bioactivity.

A-552 (A552) is a potent, small molecule antagonist of human IL-36γ, exhibits Ki of 31/54 nM in the human IL-36γ evoked CXCL1 release in human/mouse cellular assays.A-552 directly binds to human IL-36γ with IC50 of 67.6 nM measured by ITC, does not show affinity for either mouse IL-36γ, human IL-36α or IL-36β.A-552 attenuates human IL-36γ induced chemokine release in mouse plasma, and hIL-36γ induced inflammation in human 3D skin equivalents.A-552 is a novel first in class small molecule antagonist of the IL-36 signaling pathway that binds selective human IL-36γ and can dose-dependently inhibit IL-36γ induced production of proinflammatory cytokines from human and mouse cells.

AMY-101 (Cp40) is a peptidic inhibitor of the central complement component C3 for the management of patients with ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.AMY-101 is a novel complement C3-targeted therapeutic based on the 3 rd-generation compstatin analog Cp40.

BMS-905 is a potent dual inhibitor of TLR7 and TLR8 with IC50 of 0.3 nM (TLR7, IL-6 inhibition in mouse blood), shows good selectivity against TLR9 and other TLR family members.

C5 complement inhibitor 7 (C5-IN-7) is a potent, small-molecule inhibitor of C5 complement protein with serum assay IC50 of <5 nM (2% human serum complement inhibition).C5-IN-7 demonstrated excellent potency and good aqueous solubility, inhibited MAC deposition with IC50 of 1 uM in a complement inhibition assay using 50% human whole blood.The C5 triple mutants (C704R, V705I and N707H) were not inhibited by C5 complement protein inhibitor 7 up to 100 uM.C5 complement protein inhibitor 7 binds within the predicted pocket between the C5a and MG8 domains in close proximity to the C5 convertase cleavage site (R751-L752).

CU-72 is a potent, selective TLR7/8 dual inhibitor with IC50 of 5.10 and 2.87 uM, respectively.

CU-CPD107 is a TLR8-specific small molecule with unique synergistic agonist activities in the presence of ssRNA, but inactive without the aid of ssRNA.CU-CPD107 significantly inhibited of R848-induced signaling in HEK-Blue hTLR8 cells with an IC50 of 13.7 uM.CU-CPD107 only inhibited synthesized small-molecule agonist-induced TLR8 signaling without affecting other TLRs.CU-CPD107 synergistically increased IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression levels in the presence of 5 μg/ml ssRNA40 in HEK-Blue hTLR8 cells, whereas CU-CPD107 alone did not. CU-CPD107 only activated TLR8-mediated signaling in the presence of ssRNA.CU-CPD107 showed no pure agonistic activity, addressing a major challenge that has existed for previous TLR7 and TLR8 agonists as vaccine adjuvants or antiviral drugs.

DF2593A (DF 2593A) is a potent, selective, noncompetitive allosteric inhibitor of C5aR with IC50 of 5 nM (C5a-induced human PMN migration inhibition), and rat and mouse orthologs (IC50=6.0 nM and IC50=1.0 nM, respectively); dispalys >1,000-fold selective versus other chemoattractants, including CXCL8 and CXCL1 (CI50>10 uM), as well as on a panel of different GPCRs and ion channels; DF2593A demonstrated antinociceptive effects in several models of inflammatory pain and effectively inhibited articular hyperalgesia in CFA-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and arthritic nociception.

Evixapodlin is a highly potent, small molecule human PD-1/PD-L1 protein-protein interaction inhibitor with IC50 of 0.213 nM, exhibits potential anticancer and antiviral activities.

GNE-2256 (GNE2256) is a potent, selective inhibitor of IRAK4 with biochemical Ki of 1.4 nM.GNE-2256 displays high selectivity in the CEREP panel with off-targets with >50% inhibition are TACR1, HTR2B and ACHE.GNE-2256 is potent in the NanoBRET assay (IC50 = 3.3 nM), the IL-6 human whole blood assay (IC50=190 nM) and the IFNα human whole blood assay (IC50=290 nM).

GSK669 is a potent, selective NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2) inhibitor, inhibits muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-induced NOD2-mediated signaling (IC50=0.5 uM), has an IC50 of 3.2 uM for MDP-stimulated IL-8 secretion in HEK293/hNOD2 cells.GSK669 specifically inhibits MDP-induced NOD2 activation, has no effect on IL-8 secretion induced by over-expression of NOD1.GSK669 significantly inhibits platelet proinflammatory cytokine release induced by muramyl dipeptide, platelet aggregation, ATP release, and ROS generation induced by collagen and collagen related peptide (CRP). GSK669 inhibits thrombosis and oxidative stress via targeting platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI), decreases malonaldehyde (MDA) and increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in mouse plasma

HS-243 (HS243) is a highly potent, super-selective IRAK-1/4 inhibitor with IC50 of 24/20 nM, respectively.HS-243 shows exquisite potency toward IRAK-1/4 over all other human kinases with only minimal TAK1-inhibiting activity (IC50=0.5 uM).HS-243 binds in the ATP-binding pocket of IRAK-4.HS-243 potently reduces the proinflammatory response of RA cells and macrophages, has distinct cytokine profile from TAK1.HS-243 reduces percentage of survival in pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines.

JPE1375 is a potent, peptidomimetic C5a receptor antagonist with IC50 of 39 nM.JPE1375 inhibits neutrophil influx in the RPAR in mice.

ND2158 (ND-2158) is a highly potent and selective IRAK4 inhibitor with IC50 of 1.3 nM; ND2158 demonstrates high selectivity against 334 kinases, and >1000-fold over IRAK1. ND2158 blocked TNF production, collagen-induced arthritis, and gout formation in mice, suppressed LPS-induced TNF production, alleviated collagen-induced arthritis, and blocked gout formation in mouse models. IRAK4 inhibition promoted killing of ABC DLBCL lines harboring MYD88 L265P, by down-modulating survival signals, including NF-κB and autocrine IL-6/IL-10 engagement of the JAK-STAT3 pathway. In ABC DLBCL xenograft models, IRAK4 inhibition suppressed tumor growth as a single agent, and in combination with the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib or the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-199.

NLRP3-IN-3 is a potent and selective inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome with IC50 of 1.26 nM in THP1 cells, showing good pharmacokinetic profiles with oral bioavailability.

PD-L1 inhibitor 4 is a small molecule inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 with SPR KD of 0.079 nM.PD-L1 inhibitor 4 exhibited substantially increased binding affinity to hPD-L1, as well as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory activity in physiological conditions.PD-L1 inhibitor 4 also showed a dose-dependent increase in IFN-γ secretion levels in a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay.

SM360320 (CL-087, 1V136) is a potent, orally active and selective TLR7 agonist (ligand).SM360320 inhibited HCV replication in Huh-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner in the Huh-7 replicon system, reduced HCV mRNA and protein levels in isolated Huh-7 hepatocytes.SM360320 induced in vivo secretion of interferon alpha (IFNalpha) and exerted a significant antitumor effect in CEA.Tg mice challenged with a syngenic tumor cell line expressing CEA.SM360320 exerts significant antitumor effects and can act in association with DNA-EP for CEA-positive colon cancer and HER2-positive mammary carcinoma.Repeated low dose administration of SM360320 induced hyporesponsiveness or tolerance to TLR2, -7, and -9 activators and limited the course of neural inflammation in an experimental allergic encephalomyelitis model.

STING agonist 22 is a novel, non-nucleotide specific small-molecule STING agonist with IC50 of 28, 11 uM for human STING isoforms WT and HAQ, respectively.STING agonist 22 did not show any cytotoxicity in an immune cell proliferation panel across a variety of immune cell types and also did not show any activity in a kinome panel.STING agonist 22 introduced higher levels of iFIT3 and MX1 mRNA across three different donors possessing different STING genotypes: WT/WT, WT/HAQ, and WT/R232H in human PBMCs (IC50=5-35 uM).STING agonist 22 demonstrated in vivo antitumor effect in an MC38 mice model, with STING pathway activation and production of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines, serum levels of IL-6, G-SCF, and MIP-1β.

THZ-2-118 is a potent selective inhibitor of IRAK1 with IC50 of 14.2 nM; THZ-2-118 does not inhibitor IRAK4 at 10 uM, also potently inhibits JNK1/2/3 (IC50=1-2 nM).

ZE132 is a potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction with IC50 of <0.1 nM.ZE132 effectively inhibits the PD-1/PD-L1 interactions in vitro, and has a potent affinity to PD-L1.ZE132 shows robust anti-tumour effects in vivo, better than anti-PD-1 antibody.ZE132 treatment promotes cytotoxic T-cell tumour infiltration and induces IL-2 expression.ZE132 elicits strong inhibitory effects on the mRNA expression of TGF-β.

AMT hydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of inducible NOS (iNOS) with Ki of 4.2 nM.

Avatrombopag maleate (AKR-501) is an orally active, nonpeptide thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist (EC50=3.3 nM). Avatrombopag maleate mimics the biological activities of TPO. Avatrombopag maleate increases platelet production by activating the intracellular signaling system, and promotes production of platelets and megakaryocytes from hemopoietic precursor cells. Avatrombopag maleate is a substrate of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and CYP3A.

C6 L-threo Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid and cell-permeable analog of naturally occurring ceramides. C6 L-threo Ceramide significantly inhibits IL-4 production in T cells. Anti-allergic agents.

CP-424174 is a reversible inhibitor against IL-1β processing with an IC50 of 210 nM.CP-424174 indirectly inhibits NLRP3.

EXP3179 is an important intermediate aldehyde metabolite of Losartan. EXP3179 has no AT1-R–blocking activity, but potently inhibits the expression of endothelial cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. EXP3179 exerts potent anti-inflammatory actions.

Isofezolac (LM 22070) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits prostaglandin-synthetase. Isofezolac anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.

N2S2-CBMBC, an N2S2 bromo-benzyl ether derivative, acts as a ligand and use 99mTc-labelled complexes 99mTc-N2S2-CBMBC can be used as an imaging agent to be applied to the aspect of detecting PD-L1 expression, realize the real-time, comprehensive and convenient detection of the PD-L1 level of tumors, and overcome the defects of an immunohistochemical method.

Pyocyanin (Pyocyanine) is a phenazine that is a toxic, quorum sensing (QS)-controlled metabolite produced by P. aeruginosa. Pyocyanin is a redox-active compound and promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pyocyanin also possesses antibacterial properties and increases fitness in competition with other bacterial species.

TFC-007, a selective hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (H-PGDS) inhibitor, show high inhibitory activity against H-PGDS enzyme (IC50 value of 83 nM). TFC-007 can be used for composing H-PGDS degradation inducer PROTAC(H-PGDS)-1 (TFC-007 binds to H-PGDS, and Pomalidomide binds to cereblon).

TL8-506 is a specific TLR8 agonist with an EC50 of 30 nM. TL8-506 can be used for the research of tuberculosis and autoimmune diseases.

Ulevostinag isomer 1 (MK-1454 isomer 1) is the isomer of Ulevostinag. Ulevostinag is a STING agonist.

HE-S2 is an antibody-drug conjugate triggering a potent antitumor immune response. HE-S2 acts by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and activating the Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) signaling pathway. HE-S2 has remarkable antitumor activity.

AMS-17 is a potent NLRP3 inhibitor, inhibiting microglia activation in vitro and in vivo. AMS-17 also inhibits cytokines such as caspase-1, TNF-α, IL-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in N9 cells. AMS-17 can be used for researching inflammation-associated neurological disorders.

Cedrin is a natural flavonoid that can be found in Cedrus deodara. Cedrin protects PC12 cells against neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42. Cedrin can reduce reactive oxygen species overproduction, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and decrease malondialdehyde content.