Resolvin E1 (RvE1), a potent endogenous pro-resolving mediator of inflammation, is derived from omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Resolvin E1 is endogenously biosynthesized from EPA in the presence of Aspirin during the spontaneous resolution phase of acute inflammation, where specific cell-cell interactions occur. Resolvin E1 possesses unique counterregulatory actions that inhibit polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transendothelial migration. Resolvin E1 also acts as a potent inhibitor of leukocyte infiltration, dendritic cell migration, and IL-12 production.

AKR1C1-IN-1 is a potent and selective inhibitor of human 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C1), with a Ki value of 4 nM for AKR1C1.

LPA2 antagonist 2 (H2L 5226501) is a selective LPA2 antagonist with an IC50 of 28.3 nM, which is ＞480-fold more selective than LPA3 (IC50 of 13.85 μM).

(E/Z)-Methyl mycophenolate is a racemic compound of (Z)-Methyl mycophenolate and (E)-Methyl mycophenolate isomers. Methyl mycophenolate is a methyl ester of mycophenolic acid. Methyl mycophenolate can be used to synthesize mycophenolic acid β-D-glucuronide and phenolic glycosides.

Methyl mycophenolate is a methyl ester of mycophenolic acid and is also found in marine-derived fungus Phaeosphaeria spartinae.

Nebracetam hydrochloride, a nootropic M1-muscarinic agonist, induces a rise of intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Nebracetam hydrochloride exhibits an EC50 of 1.59 mM for elevating [Ca2+]i.

ERRα antagonist-1 (Compound A) is a selective and high affinity estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) antagonist. ERRα antagonist-1 inhibits interaction of ERRα with Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and PGC-1β, the IC50 values are 170 nM and 180 nM, respectively. ERRα antagonist-1 does not inhibit the interaction of either ERRβ or ERRγ with PGC-1α and PGC-1β coactivator, and also does not inhibit interaction of ERα or ERβ with PGC-1α or SRC-1.

Dichlorophenyl-ABA is an inhibitor of transthyretin (TTR) amyloid fibril formation, inhibiting aggregate formation in more than 80% in TTR L55P-expressing cells.

Latanoprost acid, an analog of prostaglandin (PG) F2α, is an selective prostanoid receptor (FP) agonist that specifically activates the FP-PG receptor. Latanoprost acid inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastgenesis and function by inhibiting ERK, AKT, JNK, and p38 cascade, following by the c-fos/NFATc1 pathway. Latanoprost acid is a medication which works to lower pressure inside the eyes.

A-935142 is a human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG, Kv 11.1) channel activator. A-935142 enhances hERG current in a complex manner by facilitation of activation, reduction of inactivation, and slowing of deactivation, and abbreviates atrial and ventricular repolarization.

3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) is a bile acid. 3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) shows good tolerance and well intestinal absorption by oral adminstation. 3β-Ursodeoxycholic acid (Isoursodeoxycholic acid) can be isomerized by intestinal and hepatic enzymes to yield UDCA.

2-Methylcitric acid trisodium (Methylcitric acid trisodium) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. 2-Methylcitric acid trisodium accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias and acts as a marker metabolite. 2-Methylcitric acid trisodium markedly inhibits ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria supported by glutamate.

2-Methylcitric acid (Methylcitric acid) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. 2-Methylcitric acid accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias and acts as a marker metabolite. 2-Methylcitric acid markedly inhibits ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria supported by glutamate.

Aldosterone is the primary mineralocorticoid. Aldosterone is a steroid hormone, and it is synthesized and secreted in response to renin-angiotensin system activation (RAS) or high dietary potassium by the zona glomerulosa (ZG) of the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone activity is dependent by the binding and activation of the cytoplasmic/nuclear mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) at cellular level.

FAPy-adenine is an oxidized DNA base. Fapy-adenine shows an increased trend levels in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Oxidized nucleosides are biochemical markers for tumors, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.

7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is an intermediate in synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol. 7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is a pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist. 7α-Hydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one is a biomarker for bile acid loss, irritable bowel syndrome, and other diseases associated with defective bile acid biosynthesis. 7α-Hydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one is the physiological substrate for CYP8B1.

Allotetrahydrocortisol (5a-Tetrahydrocortisol) is a metabolite of Cortisol. Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid in human. It is produced in adrenal cortex and plays a crucial role in many physiological processes.

Tetrahydrocortisone is a stress-induced hormone. Tetrahydrocortisone is also a urinary metabolite of Cortisone derived from the reduction of Cortisone by 5-reductase.

Cysteinylglycine TFA is an endogenous metabolite and used in disease diagnosis.

Mevalonic acid lithium salt, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway, is essential for cell growth and proliferation.

L-hydroxylysine dihydrochloride ((2S,5R)-5-Hydroxylysine dihydrochloride), an amino acid, is exclusive to collagen protein, which is formed by posttranslational hydroxylation of some lysine residues.

Sparfosic acid trisodium, is a potent inhibitor of aspartate transcarbamoyl transferase, with anti-tumor and antimetabolite activity. Aspartate transcarbamoyl transferase catalyzes the second step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.

V-9302 hydrochloride is a competitive antagonist of transmembrane glutamine flux. V-9302 hydrochloride selectively and potently targets the amino acid transporter ASCT2 (SLC1A5). V-9302 hydrochloride inhibits ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake (IC50=9.6 µM) in HEK-293 cells.

Carnostatine hydrochloride (SAN9812 hydrochloride) is a potent and selective carnosinase 1 (CN1) inhibitor with a Ki of 11 nM for human recombinant CN1. Carnostatine hydrochloride can be used for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

HAMI 3379 is a potent and selective Cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT2) receptor antagonist. HAMI 3379 has a protective effect on acute and subacute ischemic brain injury, and attenuates microglia-related inflammation.

XL-784 free base is a selective matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitor, with IC50s of ~1900, 0.81, 120, 10.8, 18, 0.56 nM for MMP-1，MMP-2，MMP-3，MMP-8，MMP-9，MMP-13，respectively.

(R)-CSN5i-3 is the (R)-enantiomer of CSN5i-3. CSN5i-3 is a potent, selective and orally available inhibitor of CSN5.

2-Selenouracil is a useful specialized photosensitizer for photodynamical therapy.

NUCC-390 is a novel and selective small-molecule CXCR4 receptor agonist. NUCC-390 can induce internalization of CXCR4 receptors.

(S)-IDO1-IN-5 (Example 1B) is an active S-isomer of IDO1-IN-5. (S)-IDO1-IN-5 binds to IDOL with an IC50 value less than 1.5 µΜ. IDO1-IN-5 is a potent, selective and brain penetrated inhibitor of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) activity, binds to apo-IDO1 lacking heme rather than mature heme-bound IDO1.