Fenpyroximate is an acaricide and insecticide, blocking the mitochondrial electron transport in complex I.

PNU-142633 selective, high affinity 5-HT1D receptor antagonist and is an experimental drug candidate for the treatment of migraine.

Glibornuride is a blocker of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels).

H2DCFDA is a fluorescent cell permeabl ROS indicator.

Procaterol is an intermediate-acting β2 adrenoreceptor agonist used for the treatment of asthma.

Propanidid, also known as Sombrevin, is a short-acting phenylacetate general anesthetic.

Propoxur is a carbamate insecticide. Propoxur is a non-systemic insecticide with a fast knockdown and long residual effect used against turf, forestry, and household pests and fleas.

Danofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in veterinary medicine.

Pyrazoloacridine is an investigational nucleic acid binding agent that inhibits the activity of topoisomerases 1 and 2. Pyrazoloacridine was a phase II clinical study to determine the efficacy and toxicities of PZA in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC)Pyrazoloacridine appears to intercalate into DNA and inhibit RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis, and the activities of topoisomerases I and II, thereby causing cytotoxicity.

Talniflumate is a novel potent and selective inhibitor of core mucin-synthesizing enzyme GCNT3 (core 2b-1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltrans-ferase).

Propranolol Hydrochloride is a non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. It has been shown to be active against disorders including cardiac infarcations, arrhythmias, hypertension, and hyperthyroidism.

Quinaprilat is the active metabolite of quinapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

FSB is a highly fluorescent amyloid-specific dye.

A-350619 hydrochloride is an activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC).

Cyclo-L-Trp-L-Trp is a broad spectrum antifungal, inducing a high degree of acetylation of histones.

2-DG is an inhibitor of glycolysis via its actions on hexokinase, the rate limiting step of glycolysis.

Aminotadalafil is an analog of Tadalafil as a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor.

Ro 24-7429 is a Tat antagonist. Ro 24-7429 blocks the action of the HIV tat protein and is an analog of Ro 5-3335.

TBMP is a novel inhibitor of the viral envelope protein hemagglutinin (HA)-mediated entry.

2-Hydroxysaclofen is a GABA-B antagonist.

Suprafenacine is a novel cell permeable selective inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation, binding microtubules at the colchicine-binding site and inhibiting polymerization, leading to G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell death via a mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway.

SB 224289 is a selective 5-HT1B receptor antagonist (pKi = 8.2). SB 224289 displays > 60-fold selectivity over 5-HT1D, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1E, 5-HT1F, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in radioligand binding and functional assays. SB 224289 is a centrally active following oral administration in vivo.

Myoseverin is an inducer of the reversible fission of multinucleated myotubes into mononucleated fragments, affecting the expression of a variety of growth factor, immunomodulatory, extracellular matrix-remodeling, and stress response genes, consistent with the activation of pathways involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration.

Triclabendazole is an anthelmintic and fasciolicidal, binding to beta-tubulin and preventing the polymerization of the microtubules of which they are part. Studies in vitro and/or in infected animals suggest that triclabendazole and its active metabolites (sulfoxide and sulfone) are absorbed by the tegument of the immature and mature worms, leading to a decrease of the resting membrane potential, inhibition of tubulin function as well as protein and enzyme synthesis. These metabolic disturbances are associated with inhibition of motility, disruption of the surface as well as ultrastructure that includes inhibition of spermatogenesis and vitelline cells.

Pyrabactin is a plant growth inhibitor, acting as a seed-selective abscisic acid (ABA) agonist; Novel PYL agonist.

SCH-23390 is a potent dopamine receptor antagonist (Ki values are 0.2 nM and 0.3 nM at D1 and D5 receptor sub-types, respectively). SCH-23390 is also an agonist at 5-HT1C and 5-HT2C receptors in vitro (Ki values are 6.3 nM and 9.3 nM respectively). It blocks quinpirole-induced Kir3 (GIRK) currents (EC50 = 268 nM) independently of receptors.

HA-1004 is an inhibitor of PKA, cGKI, PKC, MYLK, and calcium channel protein.

Sofalcone is an oral gastroprotective, gastrointestinal medication. It is a synthetic analog of sophoradin.

BMS-770767 is a novel inhibitor of 11-betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (11?-HSD1).

CP-944629 is a novel, potent, and selective p38alpha inhibitor.

MHY908 is a novel inhibitor of melanogenesis, potently inhibiting mushroom tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner.

Sulfamonmethoxine is a competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase, blocking the synthesis of folic acid.

Sudoxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from the enol-carboxamide class.

Sulbactam pivoxil, also known as CP-47904 and Pivsulbactam, is an irreversible inhibitor of β-lactamase; it binds to the enzyme and does not allow it to degrade the antibiotic.

GNE-140 racemic is a novel potent lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) inhibitor. In MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cells, LDHA inhibition rapidly affected global metabolism, although cell death only occurred after 2 d of continuous LDHA inhibition. Pancreatic cell lines that utilize oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) rather than glycolysis were inherently resistant to GNE-140, but could be resensitized to GNE-140 with the OXPHOS inhibitor phenformin. Acquired resistance to GNE-140 was driven by activation of the AMPK-mTOR-S6K signaling pathway, which led to increased OXPHOS, and inhibitors targeting this pathway could prevent resistance.

HUN85199, also known as B-Raf inhibitor 1 dihydrochloride, is a novel potent and selective B-Raf inhibitor. HUN85199 has CAS#1191385-19-9, was first reported in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2009), 52(20), 6189-6192. It has no code name. For the convenience of scientific communication, we name it as HUN85199 by using CAS# ahdn inchi key as proposed by Hodoodo Chemical Nomenclature (see https://hodoodo.com/hodoodo-chemical-nomenclature).

FKGK11 is a novel potent inhibitor of GVIA iPLA2 with little or no inhibition against GIVA cPLA2 (XI(50) = 0.0073 and >0.91, respectively).

CP-24879 hydrochloride is a D5D/D6D dual-inhibitor, showing beneficial effects against increased intracellular lipid accumulation and inflammatory injury in hepatocytes.

Z-LLNle-CHO, also known as gamma-Secretase Inhibitor I, is a cell permeable inhibitor of gamma-secretase, inducing apoptosis of human glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells by proteasome inhibition and mitotic arrest response.

AZ-PFKFB3-67 is a novel potent and selective PFKFB3 inhibitor.

Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide used agriculturally to treat plant pathogenic fungi. Though the U.S. Food and Drug Administration considers this fungicide to be safe for humans, it may still pose a risk. It is listed as a possible carcinogen in the United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs carcinogen list with a rating of C (possible carcinogen). Its acute toxicity is moderate. According to the World Health Organization toxicity classification, it is listed as III, which means slightly hazardous.

Thiolactomycin is a novel reversible dual inhibitor of D-Aspartate oxidase (DDO) and D-amino acid oxidase (DAO).

Proxyfan Oxalate is a potent histamine H3 receptor ligand, acting as a protean agonist with activity ranges from full agonist to inverse agonist depending on system used. also displaying partial agonist effects on cAMP inhibition and MAPK activity, neutral antagonist activity on histamine release and partial inverse agonism of [3H]-arachidonic acid release.

MAFP is an irreversible inhibitor of Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2).

Tomelukast, also known as LY171883, is a leukotriene inhibitor. Tomelukast showed protective effects in traumatic shock. LY-171883 stimulates the activity of BK(Ca) channels in a manner unlikely to be linked to its blockade of leukotriene receptors or stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The stimulatory effects on these channels may, at least in part, contribute to the underlying cellular mechanisms by which LY-171883 affects neuronal or neuroendocrine function.

TMI-1 is a novel orally active inhibitor of ADAM17 (TACE) and MMP, inducing tumor apoptosis in a breast cancer.

Triadimefon is an azole fungicide.

SKF1 is a suppressor of the ability of FK506 to inhibit cell growth in the presence of high levels of NaCl, inducing cell death in low salt conditions, interacting directly with yeast mitochodria.

Triadimenol is a flammable white to gray solid with phenolartigem odor which is practically insoluble in water. It decomposes when heated above 150 ° C. The compound is present in several isomeric front forms, the technical product to 78 to 88% of the diastereoisomer A is (RS + SR). The compound is stable to hydrolysis at pH values ??of 4, 7 and 9 and is subject to a small extent of photolysis. Triadimenol is a systemic fungicide with a broad spectrum. It inhibits the ergosterol - and gibberellin - biosynthesis , and thus the rate of cell division.

Triflumuron is an insecticide belonging to the group of so-called insect growth regulators. It inhibits the synthesis of chitin by the insect larvae, causing the die. This operation is similar to that of, inter alia, flufenoxuron , lufenuron and novaluron ; triflumuron belongs to the same group of benzoylureas. It is a product of Bayer CropScience ; Alsystin brand. It is applied to apples, pears, peaches, nectarines and mushrooms, as well as in the storage of cereals.

KUN79359, also known as PKC? inhibitor, is a potent and selective inhibitor of PKC? isozymes. KUN79359 has no formal name, and has CAS#257879-35-9. For the convenience of scientific communication, it is named as KUN79359. The name was generated based on Hodoodo chemical nomenclature.

Vibunazole is an antifungal agent

Way 100135 is a serotonergic drug of the phenylpiperazine family which is used in scientific research. It acts as potent 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, and was originally believed to be highly selective, but further studies have demonstrated that it also acts as a partial agonist of the 5-HT1D receptor (pKi = 7.58; virtually the same affinity for 5-HT1A), and to a much lesser extent, of the 5-HT1B receptor (pKi = 5.82). These findings may have prompted the development of the related compound WAY-100,635, another purportedly selective and even more potent 5-HT1A antagonist, which was synthesized shortly thereafter.

Xylazine is an analogue of clonidine and an agonist at the α2 class of adrenergic receptor. It is used for sedation, anesthesia, muscle relaxation, and analgesia in animals such as horses, cattle and other non-human mammals. Veterinarians also use xylazine as an emetic, especially in cats.

Zeranol is a non-steroidal estrogen agonist. It is a mycotoxin, derived from fungi in the Fusarium family, and may be found as a contaminant in fungus-infected crops. It is 3-4x more potent as an estrogen agonist than the related compound zearalenone. Zeranol increases cancer cell proliferation in already existing breast cancer. There are mixed results to whether zeranol has anticancer or carcinogenic properties in non cancer containing breast cells depending on dose. Overall evidence points to zeranol being a risk factor and promoter for cancer. However, dietary exposure from the use of zeranol-containing implants in cattle is insignificant.

Zoniporide: a potent and selective inhibitor of the human sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 (NHE-1). Zoniporide preserves left ventricular compliance during ventricular fibrillation and minimizes postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction through benefits on energy metabolism. Zoniporide produces clinical, electrophysiologic, and microscopic evidence of peripheral sensory axonopathy and establishes the importance of careful preclinical evaluation of neurological function.

Zopolrestat is a aldose reductase inhibitor potentially for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and diabetes.

GYKI-23107 is an antiarrhythmic agent with local anaesthetic activity. GYKI-23107 was effective against chemically (aconitine and ouabain) induced arrhythmias after both parenteral and oral administration. GYKI-23107 and mexiletine produced similar elevation of the fibrillation threshold in anaesthetized cats. After oral pretreatment, GYKI-23107 showed protective effects against coronary ligation-induced arrhythmia in conscious rats. The circulatory side-effects of GYKI-23107 in anaesthetized and conscious dogs and cats were milder then those of mexiletine.

CRANAD-2 is a difluoroboron-derivatized curcumins as near-infrared probe for in vivo detection of amyloid-beta deposits. Upon interacting with Abeta aggregates, CRANAD-2 undergoes a range of changes, which include a 70-fold fluorescence intensity increase, a 90 nm blue shift (from 805 to 715 nm), and a large increase in quantum yield. Moreover, this probe also shows a high affinity for Abeta aggregates (K(d) = 38.0 nM), a reasonable log P value (log P = 3), considerable stability in serum, and a weak interaction with albumin. After intravenous injection of this probe, 19-month-old Tg2576 mice exhibited significantly higher relative signal than that of the control mice over the same period of time.

L-655708, also known as FG-8094, is a nootropic drug. L-655708 acts as a subtype-selective inverse agonist at the α5 subtype of the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABAA receptor. A radiolabelled form of L-655708 was used to map the distribution of the GABAA α5 subtype in the brain. L-655708 was indeed found to produce improved cognitive performance in animal studies, without producing the side effect of convulsions which is produced by non-selective inverse agonists like DMCM.

Procarbazine is an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and certain brain cancers (such as glioblastoma multiforme). It is a member of a group of medicines called alkylating agents. The drug is metabolized and activated in the liver. It also inhibits MAO thus increasing the effects of sympathomimetics, TCAs, and tyramine. It gained FDA Approved in July 1969. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.

MSBN is a highly selective fluorogenic probe for thiols, selectively imaging thiols in live cells and specifically label protein thiols with a turn-on signal to determine diverse reversible protein thiol modifications.

MDL-72274 HCl is selective and potent inhibitors of SSAO for treatment of Parkinson diseases. MDL-72974 is a potent (IC50 = 10(-9) M) inhibitor of both MAO-B and SSAO, with 190-fold lower affinity for MAO-A. In clinical studies, oral doses as low as 100 micrograms produced substantial inhibition of platelet MAO-B. One or 4 mg MDL-72274 HCl given daily for 28 days to 40 Parkinson's patients treated with L-dopa produced statistically significant reductions in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. MAO-B inhibitors, such as MDL 72974A and L-deprenyl, offer the potential of being neuroprotective in Parkinson's Disease and other neurogenerative disorders.

27-Hydroxycholesterol, also known as 27-HC, is an endogenous oxysterol with multiple biological functions, including activity as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) (a mixed, tissue-specific agonist-antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER)) and as an agonist of the liver X receptor (LXR). It is a metabolite of cholesterol that is produced by the enzyme CYP27A1. 27-Hydroxycholesterol suppresses lipid accumulation by down-regulating lipogenic and adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 cells. 27-Hydroxycholesterol stimulates cell proliferation and resistance to docetaxel-induced apoptosis in prostate epithelial cells.

RO 46-8443 is the first non-peptide endothelin ETB receptor selective antagonist. RO 46-8443 displays up to 2000-fold selectivity for ETB receptors both in terms of binding inhibitory potency and functional inhibition. The observed parallel rightward shift of concentration-response curves with different antagonist concentrations is consistent with a competitive binding mode. Since R0 46-8443 selectively inhibits ETB receptor mediated responses, it is a valuable tool for clarifying the role of ETB receptors in pathology.

ABT-046 is a potent, safe, and orally efficacious inhibitor of acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1. Oral administration of ABT-046 at doses ≥0.03 mg/kg significantly reduced postprandial triglycerides in mice following an oral lipid challenge. Further assessment in both acute and chronic safety pharmacology and toxicology studies demonstrated a clean profile up to high plasma levels.

LAS101057 is a Potent, Selective, and Orally Efficacious A2B Adenosine Receptor Antagonist. (last updated: 6/30/2016). LAS101057 inhibits agonist-induced IL-6 production in human fibroblasts and is active in an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mouse model after oral administration, reducing airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, Th2 cytokine production, and OVA-specific IgE levels.

PF-06767832 is a high quality M1 selective PAM (M1 PAM EC50 = 60 nM; M2-M5 PAM EC50 > 10 microM; CNS MPO = 4.9). PF-06767832 has well aligned physicochemical properties, good brain penetration and pharmacokinetic properties. Extensive safety profiling suggested that despite being devoid of mAChR M2/M3 subtype activity, compound 38 still carries gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects. These data provide strong evidence that M1 activation contributes to the cholinergic liabilities that were previously attributed to activation of the M2 and M3 receptors.

Necrostatin-2, also known as Nec-2, is a necroptosis inhibitor.

INCB3284 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable hCCR2 Antagonist. INCB3284 exhibited an IC50 of 3.7 nM in antagonism of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 binding to hCCR2, an IC50 of 4.7 nM in antagonism of chemotaxis activity, an IC50 of 84 μM in inhibition of the hERG potassium current, a free fraction of 58% in protein binding, high selectivity over other chemokine receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors, and acceptable oral bioavailability in rodents and primates. In human clinical trials, INCB3284 exhibited a pharmacokinetic profile suitable for once-a-day dosing (T 1/2 = 15 h).

ZD-9379 is a NMDA receptor antagonist potentially for the treatment of pain and stroke. ZD9379 is also a glycine site antagonist, ZD9379 which reduces number of spreading depressions and infarct size in rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. ZD9379 reduces number of spreading depressions and infarct size in rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion.

5alpha-THDOC is a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors.

MOPS-Na is a novel stabilizer as buffer for the native structure of BSA against thermal denaturation.

Nequinate is an anticoccidial agent, preventing coccidiosis and developing immunity against five different species of Eimeria.

X-alpha-Gal is a substrate for alpha-galactosidase, differentiating alpha-galactosidase-positive strains of yeast.

Rabeprazole is an inhibitor of H(+)-K(+)-exchanging atpase in gastric parietal cells.

Ceftiofur Hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, binding to and inactivating penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall.

Pentamidine is an antiprotozoal and antifungal agent, interacting directly with the pathogen genome by binding to AT-rich regions of duplex DNA and the minor groove of DNA, thereby interfering with DNA replication.

Salbutamol Sulfate is a short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist.

Quinocetone is an animal growth promoter; Antimicrobial agent.

Nortropine Hydrochloride is a secondary metabolite of tropine derivative drugs, such as atropine and benztropine.

Isoxepac, also known as Olopatadine USP Related Compound C, is a non-steroidal anti-antiphlogistic agent and analgesic.

NPPB is a voltage-dependent cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel blocker.

(-)-Isoproterenol hydrochloride is an agonist of beta-adrenergic receptor. (-)-Isoproterenol hydrochloride is also used in the treatment of bradycardia; bronchodilator.

CGP12177A is a partial agonist of ?3-adrenoceptors and antagonist of ?1- and ?2-adrenoceptor.

CAY10471, also known as TM30089, is a potent and selective long-lasting antagonist of CRTH2. Cat#527092 is a + rotation. isomer (note sure it is a R-isomer or S-isomer).

AT2 Agonist C21 is the first potent and selective agonist of angiotensin AT2 receptors, preventing endothelial inflammation and leukocyte adhesion in vitro and in vivo. AT2 Agonist C21 prevents cognitive decline after permanent stroke in aged animals-A randomized double- blind pre-clinical study. AT2 Agonist C21 attenuates pulmonary inflammation in a model of acute lung injury. AT2 Agonist C21 attenuates the Progression of Lung Fibrosis and Pulmonary Hypertension in an Experimental Model of Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury.

Olodanrigan, also known as EMA401, is a novel orally available and highly selective angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) antagonist.

Forodesine is a transition-state analog inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase.

Sinafloxacin Mesylate is a quinolone antibiotic potentially for the treatment of bacterial infections. There is a strong interaction between sinafloxacin and BSA. From thermodynamic coordination it can be judged that the binding force between sinafloxacin and BSA is mainly electro-static force. The effect of sinafloxacin on the conformation of BSA was analyzed by synchronous fluorescence spectrometry and three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometry. The emission maximum of tyrosine residues does not show a significant shift, while the small blue shift of tryptophan residues indicates that the hydrophobicity of microenvironment was increased. In addition, in the plasma, there are some metal ions, which can participate in many important vital actions and affect the reactions of the drugs with the serum albumins.

Kukoamine B Mesylate is potentially for the treatment of sepsis. Kukoamines are a series of bioactive phytochemicals conjugated by a polyamine backbone and phenolic moieties. Treatment with KuB prior to H2O2 exposure effectively increased the cell viability, and restored the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, KuB enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Moreover, KuB minimized the ROS formation and inhibited mitochondria-apoptotic pathway, MAPKs (p-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK) pathways, but activated PI3K-AKT pathway.

NCDM-32B is a novel potent and selective KDM4 inhibitor, impairing viability and transforming phenotypes of basal breast cancer.

NMIA, also known as N-Methylisatoic Anhydride, is an RNA SHAPE reagent.

P18IN011 is a novel p18(INK4C) inhibitor.

SB-505124 HCl is an inhibitor of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 5.

Naltriben is a highly selective δ2 opioid receptor antagonist.Naltriben (NTB) has been used to differentiate the subtypes of delta opioid receptors, delta1 and delta2. NTB displaced the specific binding of [3H]DAMGO with Ki value of 19.79 +/- 1.12 nM in rat cortex membranes. Specific binding of [3H]diprenorphine ([3H]DIP) was inhibited by NTB with Ki value of 82.75 +/- 6.32 nM in the presence of DAMGO and DPDPE. Naltriben enhanced the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, but not the PI3k/Akt pathway. Therefore, potentiated TRPM7 activity contributes to the devastating migratory and invasive characteristics of GBM.

NRC-2694 is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antagonist potentially for the treatment of solid tumors.

BCI hydrochloride is an allosteric inhibitor of Dusp6, acting within the phosphatase domain to prevent the catalytic stimulation of phosphatase activity induced by ERK2 substrate binding.

U-69593 is a selective kappa opioid receptor agonist.

(-)-MDO-NPA HCl is an orally effective long-acting agent active at central dopamine receptors, and analogous aporphines.

RP-106 is a selective, potent, ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK1/cyclin B, CDK5/p25, and GSK-3.

SC-53116 HCl is a psychoactive agent, increasing in production of serotonin in central nervous system tissue.

Amperozide HCl is a 5-HT2/D2 antagonist, inhibiting nomifensine-induced hyperlocomotion and human FAAH.

A3 HCl is an inhibitor of PKA, PKC, and casein kinase I and II, and MLCK.

PPDA is a subtype-selective NMDA receptor antagonist that preferentially binds to NR2C/NR2D-containing receptors.

FPL-55712 is a CysLT1 leukotriene receptor antagonist.

Spiperone HCl is a 5-HT2A serotonin and selective D2-like dopamine receptor antagonist.

MitoB is a novel exomarker of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide.

Etilevodopa HCl is a prodrug of levodopa with greater gastric solubility and significant brain penetration.

gamma-DGG is a broad spectrum glutamate receptor antagonist.

ONO-8130 is an orally available EP1 receptor antagonist.

IWP-12 is a potent inhibitor of Porcupine (PORCN), a membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT).

1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is an inhibitor of taste receptors.

ENMD-1068 HBr is a novel antagonist of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR-2).

Adaphostin is a novel activator of Fas-mediated death pathway in Bcr/Abl-positive leukaemia.

CAY10404 is one of the most selective inhibitors of COX-2 over COX-1.

Undecylprodigiosin is a classical cytotoxic immunosuppressant, suppressing immune functions and inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Spongouridine is a deamination metabolite of Cytarabine (GLXC-07791).

Lupulon, also known as Lupulone, is a beta-acid that has been found in the hop plant, H. lupulus, and has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic properties. Lupulone is active against B. subtilis and S. aureus as well as T. b. brucei and L. m. mexicana. It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and reduces proliferation, migration, and capillary tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Lupulone also activates the extrinsic apoptotic death pathway in SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cells.

Histapyrrodine hydrochloride is a bioactive chemical.

Indole-3-propionic acid, also known as IPA and SHP-622, is a beta-amyloid protein neurotoxicity inhibitor potentially for the treatment of Friedreich's ataxia. The administration of IPA significantly decreased the level of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a marker of lipid peroxidation, in ischemic hippocampal homogenates compared with that in the vehicle-treated ischemic groups at various times after ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, immunostaining for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine showed DNA damage in pyramidal neurons in the ischemic CA1 was significantly lower in the IPA-treated ischemic groups than in the vehicle-treated ischemic groups. IPA may be used as a pharmacological agent to protect against iron-induced oxidative damage to membranes and, potentially, against carcinogenesis.

Bepafant, also known as WEB-2170 and STY-2108, is a platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist potentially for the treatment of asthma. Bepafant triggered apoptosis in NB4, KG1, and NB4-MR4 cells where PTEN was expressed, but not in THP1 and U937 cells where PTEN was absent. Bepafant may produce significant anti-inflammatory effects.

SR-33805 is a calcium channel antagonist potentially for the treatment of atherosclerosis and heart failure. SR-33805 restored the MI-altered cell shortening without affecting the Ca(2+) transient amplitude, suggesting an increase of myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity in MI myocytes. A SR33805-induced sensitization of myofilament activation was found to be associated with a slight increase in myosin light chain-2 phosphorylation and a more significant decrease on troponin I (TnI) phosphorylation. Decreased TnI phosphorylation was related to inhibition of protein kinase A activity by SR-33805.

Espindolol is a β-adrenoceptor antagonist potentially for the treatment of cachexia related to cancer.

Pinocembrin, also known as DL-0108, is an androgen receptor ligand potentially for the treatment of acute stroke.

AIM-102 is nonsteroidal, immune modulating, anti-inflammatory drug potentially for the treatment of allergic asthma

Idremcinal is a motilin receptor agonist potentially for the treatment of gastritis

Tesofensine, also known as NS-2330, is a serotonin–noradrenaline–dopamine reuptake inhibitor potentially for the treatment of obesity.

GW 842166X is a cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist potentially for the treatment of inflammatory pain.

Oxipurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor potentially for the treatment of heart failure and gout.

ZD-0947, also known as AZD-0947, is a K(ATP) channel activator potentially for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB).

Pyridoxyl phosphate is a purinergic P2 receptor antagonist potentially for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia

NGX-267 is a muscarinic M1 agonist potentially for the treatment of Xerostomia, Alzheimer's disease and cognitive

Siramesine Fumarate is a sigma receptor agonist potentially for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder

Sodium taurocholate is a GPBAR1 protein agonist potentially for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity in rats.

Celgosivir is an α-glucosidase inhibitor potentially for the treatment of dengue fever.

Equol is a drug is potentially for the treatment of acute thyroid disease and inhibits proliferation of human gastric carcinoma cells. Equol (racemic) is a mixture of S-equol and R-equol.

Ferroquine is a hemozoin inhibitor potentially for the treatment of malaria.

Secoisolarisiresinol diglucoside (SDG) is potentially for the treatment of oxidative stress.

Phenylethyl isothiocyanate is an HDAC inhibitor potentially for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy.

FdCyd is a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor potentially for the treatment of solid tumours.

P-1075, also known as PNU-83757 and U-83757, is a K-ATP channel agonist potentially for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, alopecia and arrhythmia.

N-Acetylmannosamine, also known as ManNAc, DEX M-74, N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, is a drug potentially for the treatment of hereditary inclusion body myopathy

Sodium pyruvate is a antioxidant potentially for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Alpha-Lipoic Acid Choline Ester, also known as alpha-LACE, EV-06 or UNR844, is a drug candidate potentially for the treatment of presbyopia. Alpha-LACE was designed to permeate biological membranes with the incorporation of the cationic choline head grou

Sipatrigine is a multiple channels blocker potentially for the treatment of stroke. It has been shown to blocks multiple cardiac ion channels, cause triangulation of the ventricular action potential,and could have therapeutic potential for major depression and bipolar depression through antagonism of the two-pore-domain K+ channel TREK-1.

An alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist potentially for the treatment of schizophrenia.

GW-870086 is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist potentially for the treatment of asthma and atopic dermatitis.

Apratastat, also known as TMI-005 and XMT-1191, is a matrix metalloproteinase/tumour necrosis factor-α convertase inhibitor.

Fluasterone, also known as HE2500, is an NF-κB activation inhibitor potentially for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

Tocladesine is a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) receptor agonist potentially for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Examorelin, also known as Hexarelin, is a growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRF) agonist potentially for the treatment of cardiac diseases.

Asimadoline HCl is a κ-opioid receptor agonist potentially for the treatment of pruritus. Asimadoline has also been shown to be used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

REC-2615 (HCl) is a α1B-adrenoceptor antagonist potentially for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction.

Tributyrin, also known as NSC661583, is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor potentially for the treatment of solid tumors.

ɑ-Tocopherolquinone, also known as Vitamin E Quinone (D-form), is a mitochondrial membrane transport protein that has been in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of inherited mitochondrial respiratory chain diseases, however this research has been discontinued. It has also been used for the treatment of Frederich's ataxia and MEILAS syndrome.

Withanolide B is a withanolide that has been found in W. somnifera. Unlike withanolide A, it does not increase glucose uptake in L6 myotubes. In in silico docking studies, withanolide B was identified as a neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor that also inhibited inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS and as a ligand for the PARP1 catalytic domain.

CAY10499 is a potent and selective monoglyceride lipase inhibitor exhibiting an IC50 of 90 nM for the recombinant enzyme.

ZK-756326 is a potent, selective and non-peptide CCR8 chemokine receptor agonist. ZK 756326 inhibited the binding of the CCR8 ligand I-309 (CCL1), with an IC(50) value of 1.8 muM. ZK 756326 was a full agonist of CCR8, dose-responsively eliciting an increase in intracellular calcium and cross-desensitizing the response of the receptor to CCL1.

IR-825 is a near-infrared dye (NIR). IR-825, after encapsulated into nanoparticles may be useful for cancer photothermal and photodynamic therapy. IR-825 nanoparticles showed pH-dependent fluorescence emission and excellent near-infrared (NIR) irradiation of cancer cells targeted in vitro to provide cytotoxicity. IR-825 nanoparticles showed efficient tumor homing together with rapid renal excretion behaviors, as revealed by MR imaging and confirmed by biodistribution measurement. Notably, when irradiated with an 808 nm laser, tumors on mice with IR-825 nanoparticle injection are completely eliminated without recurrence within 60 days, demonstrating the high efficacy of photothermal therapy.

C16, also known as GW-506033X or PKR Inhibitor. C16 binds the ATP-binding site of PKR and blocks autophosphorylation with an IC50 value of 186-210 nM. GW-506033X protects human neuroblastoma cells against cell damage triggered by tunicamycin-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. PKR inhibitor C16 prevents apoptosis and IL-1β production in an acute excitotoxic rat model with a neuroinflammatory component. PKR inhibitor C16 binds efficiently with human microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4.

Thiohydantoin, also known as 2-Thiohydantoin and NSC 11772, is a potent inhibitors of mutant IDH1. Thiohydantoin can decrease the cellular concentration of D2HG, reduce the levels of histone methylation, and suppress the proliferation of stem-like cancer cells in BT142 glioma with IDH1 R132H mutation. Somatic mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) at R132 are frequently found in certain cancers such as glioma. With losing the activity of wild-type IDH1, the R132H and R132C mutant proteins can reduce α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) to d-2-hydroxyglutaric acid (D2HG).

AR-R17779 is a selective alpha7 nicotinic agonist (Ki values are 190 and 16000 nM for rat α7 and α4β2 receptors respectively). AR-R17779 improves learning and memory in rats. Treatment with AR-R17779 significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque area and improved survival of mice. Treatment with AR-R17779 also suppressed abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Quantitative RT-PCR of the aorta revealed that mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and NOX2 were significantly decreased in AR-R17779-treated mice compared with Ang II+HFD mice. AR-R17779 treatment also reduced blood pressure and serum lipid levels.

JT010 is a potent agonist of TRPA1 with an EC50 of 0.65 nM.

TNCA, also known as Lycoperodine-1, is a high-affinity CaSR ligand (CaSRL) with co-agonist activity. .

P-3298, also known as P32/98, Isoleucine-thiazolidide, is a DPP-4 inhibitor potentially for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. P32/98 decreased non-fasting morning blood glucose more effectively in ZR with iIGT than in ZR with mIGT. Compared with study entry, P32/98 improved DNP of blood glucose in ZR with mIGT and nearly normalized DNP in ZR with iIGT. P32/98 significantly reduced triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids. Intestinal growth was comparable between inhibitor- and placebo-treated fatty rats.

LP533401 is an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase 1, which regulates serotonin production in the gut. LP533401 has an anabolic effect in bone. Inhibiting GDS biosynthesis could become a new anabolic treatment for osteoporosis.

MitoPQ, also known as MitoParaquat, is a redox cycler. MitoParaquat (MitoPQ) that comprises a triphenylphosphonium lipophilic cation conjugated to the redox cycler paraquat. MitoPQ accumulates selectively in the mitochondrial matrix driven by the membrane potential. Within the matrix, MitoPQ produces superoxide by redox cycling at the flavin site of complex I, selectively increasing superoxide production within mitochondria. MitoPQ increased mitochondrial superoxide in isolated mitochondria and cells in culture ~a thousand-fold more effectively than untargeted paraquat. MitoPQ was also more toxic than paraquat in the isolated perfused heart and in Drosophila in vivo. MitoPQ enables the selective generation of superoxide within mitochondria and is a useful tool to investigate the many roles of mitochondrial superoxide in pathology and redox signaling in cells and in vivo.

MC-976 is an Vitamin D3 derivative.

Y-26763 is Kir6 (KATP) channel opener and active metabolite of Y-27152. Y-26763 protects the canine heart from a stunning injury through opening of the KATP channels. Y-26763 protects the working rat myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion injury through opening of KATP channels. Y-26763 activated K(ATP) channels in a reversible manner with a similar activity to diazoxide. Y-26763-induced inhibition of insulin release is dependent upon the activation of K(ATP) channels in human beta-cells.

PF-06279794, also known as PF-794, is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive TNIK inhibitor.

GSK124576A is a bioactive chemical.

ZCZ011 is a positive allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. ZCZ011 potentiated binding of [(3)H]CP55,940 to the CB1 receptor as well as enhancing AEA-stimulated [(35)S]GTPγS binding in mouse brain membranes and β-arrestin recruitment and ERK phosphorylation in hCB1 cells. In the whole animal, ZCZ011 is brain penetrant, increased the potency of these orthosteric agonists in mouse behavioral assays indicative of cannabimimetic activity, including antinociception, hypothermia, catalepsy, locomotor activity, and in the drug discrimination paradigm. ZCZ011 acts as a CB1 PAM and provide the first proof of principle that CB1 PAMs offer a promising strategy to treat neuropathic and inflammatory pain with minimal or no cannabimimetic side effects.

H-89 is a specific adenylyl cyclase inhibitor (DDA) and a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor. H-89 blocks the action of equine growth hormone on in vitro maturation of equine oocytes. H-89 decreases the gain of excitation-contraction coupling and attenuates calcium sparks in the absence of beta-adrenergic stimulation. H-89 potentiates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells by activating insulin signaling independently of protein kinase A.

KN-92 is an inactive analog of the CaM kinase II inhibitor KN 93.

BAY-588 is an inactive control probe for BAY-876 (catalog no. SML1774). BAY-876 is a potent, highly selective, cell-permeable inhibitor of glucose transporter GLUT1.

JIB-04 Z-isomer, also known as NSC 693627, is an isomer of JIB-04. JIB-04 is a Jumonji histone demethylase inhibitor. JIB-04 selectively blocks cancer cell growth in vitro and diminishes tumor growth in H358 and A549 mouse xenograft models in vivo. JIB-04 can prolong survival in a mouse model of breast cancer.

SLM6031434 is SphK2-selective inhibitor.

DCG04 is a multivalent ligand for the mannose-6-phosphate receptor for endolysosomal targeting of an activity-based probe. DCG-04 is an activity-based probe for cysteine cathepsins, enabled fluorescent readout of its receptor-targeting properties.

CAY10575 is a benzimidazole analog IKK-ε inhibitor that inhibits IKK-ε with an IC50 value of ~15.8 μM.

PI-828 is a potent inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.

TCN-201 is a selective antagonist of NMDA receptors containing the NR2A subunit. TCN 201 selectively blocks GluN2A-containing NMDARs in a GluN1 co-agonist dependent but non-competitive manner.

GSK2837808A is a potent, selective lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) inhibitor (IC50 values are 1.9 and 14 nM for LDHA and LDHB respectively).

LY255582 is a phenylpiperidine non-selective opioid antagonist. It has been shown to reduce ethanol consumption in experiments carried out on rats. It has also been shown to reduce food and water consumption in rats. LY255582 inhibits the diet-associated increases in mesolimbic dopamine levels and reduces the consumption of highly-palatable food intake.

RO10-5824 is a D4-selective partial agonist. RO10-5824 is a potent candidate for the management of cocaine use disorders. The identification of effective medications for the management of cocaine use disorders remains an unmet public health challenge. In view of the prominent role of dopaminergic mechanisms in cocaine's abuse-related effects, research has focused on the development of subtype-selective dopamine D1-4 receptor antagonists.

ML-030, also known as CID-11757146, is a potent and selective PDE4 inhibitor. ML-030 inhibits PDE4 in a cell-based cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel biosensor assay with an EC50 value of 18.7 nM.

PF-04628935 is is a potent antagonist/inverse agonist of the ghrelin receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) with an IC50 of 4.6 nM. Ghrelin and GSHR are involved in regulation of food intake and long-term energy homeostasis; GSHR ligands are of interest for obesity and other metabolic disorders. PF-04628935 is orally bioavailable and brain penetrant.

PZ-II-029 is a α6β3γ2-selective GABAA channel modulator.

NF-1819 is a Potent and selective irreversible MAGL inhibitor.

nor-NOHA is a potent, selective, competitive, and high affinity inhibitor of arginase. nor-NOHA inhibits arginase from rat liver (IC50 = 2 μM) and mouse macrophages (IC50 = 50 μM).

MDK-4111 is a potent and selective GPR120 receptor agonist. MDK-4111 has CAS#1234844-11-1. The last 4 digit of its CAS# is used for naming.

GSK656, also known as GSK3036656 and GSK070, is a potent Mtb LeuRS inhibitor. GSK656 shows potent inhibition of Mtb LeuRS (IC50 = 0.20 μM) and in vitro antitubercular activity (Mtb H37Rv MIC = 0.08 μM). Additionally, it is highly selective for the Mtb LeuRS enzyme with IC50 of >300 μM and 132 μM for human mitochondrial LeuRS and human cytoplasmic LeuRS, respectively. In addition, it exhibits remarkable PK profiles and efficacy against Mtb in mouse TB infection models with superior tolerability over initial leads. GSK656 has been progressed to clinical development for the treatment of tuberculosis.

TAN-420C, also known as Dihydroherbimycin C, is an antibiotic. TAN 420C is a minor analogue of the herbimycin complex, isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. TAN 420C is known to exhibit antitumour activity.

AR-420626 is a FFA3 agonist. FFA3 is a promising target for the treatment of neurogenic diarrheal disorders by suppressing nAChR-mediated neural pathways.

OXSI-2 is an Syk Inhibitor. OXSI-2 blocks nigericin-induced inflammasome signaling and pyroptosis independent of potassium efflux. OXSI-2 inhibits inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation, IL-1β processing and release, mitochondrial ROS generation, and pyroptotic cell death. Using a novel live cell potassium sensor we show that Syk inhibition with OXSI-2 has no effect on potassium efflux kinetics and that blockade of potassium efflux with extracellular potassium alters Syk phosphorylation.

N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, also known as fMLF, is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant and the reference agonist for the G protein-coupled N-formylpeptide receptor (FPR).

PU-02 is a potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. PU02 displays IC(50) values of ~1 μM at 5-HT(3)Rs and substantially lower activities at other Cys-loop receptors. In an elaborate mutagenesis study of the 5-HT(3)A receptor guided by a homology model, PU02 is demonstrated to act through a transmembrane intersubunit site situated in the upper three helical turns of TM2 and TM3 in the (+)-subunit and TM1 and TM2 in the (-)-subunit.

Atorvastatin lactone, also known as Atorvastatin Related Compound H, is a prodrug form of atorvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower blood cholesterol levels. It hydrolyzes rapidly to the acid form of atorvastatin in human serum.

CP-74006 is a selective D5D inhibitor. CP-74006 potently blocks the Delta5D activity with an IC(50) value of 20 nM and simplifies the metabolism of [1-(14)C]-alpha-linolenate (C18:3, cis-9,12,15) by accumulating (14)C-eicosatetraenoic acid (C20:4, cis-8,11,14,17) as the major (14)C-eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3, cis-11,14,17) and (14)C-docosatetraenoic acid (C22:4, cis-10,13,16,19) as the minor metabolites through Delta6 desaturation and elongation.

Anthralin, also known as Dithranol, is a hepsin activity inhibitor used for treatment of psoriasis Inhibition of hepsin activity suppresses the invasive growth of the tumor. Anthralin exerts a direct effect on keratinocytes and leukocytes. Anthralin significantly prolonged the prophase of mitotic keratinocytes in subtoxic doses and suppressed the expression of keratin 6 mRNA in the immediately suprabasal layer of psoriatic epidermis in vivo. Anthralin also inhibits the transformation of lymphocytes and the release of reactive oxygen species from activated leukocytes, in vitro.