Fumiquinazoline D, a secondary metabolite, is a mycotoxin.

Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxy-2-(2-(nicotinamido)benzamido)benzoate is a fungal metabolite.

Neoechinulin C, an echinulin-related indolediketopiperazine alkaloid, protects the neuronal cells against paraquat-induced damage in a Parkinson’s disease model.

Estradiol 17-(β-D-Glucuronide) sodium, a metabolite of estrogen, is well known to cause intrahepatic cholestasis in humans.

Drotaverine (hydrochloride) is a type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitor and an L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) blocker, blocks the degradation of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Drotaverine (hydrochloride) exhibits in vivo antispasmodic efficacy without anticholinergic effects.

VULM 1457 is a potent inhibitor of cholesterol acyltransferase (acyl-CoA). VULM1457 significantly reduces production and secretion of adrenomedullin (AM) and down-regulates AM receptors on human hepatoblastic cells. VULM 1457 has remarkable hypolipidaemic activity and improves the overall myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury outcomes. VULM 1457 has the potential for the research of diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia.

DX3-234 is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. DX3-234 shows significant tumor suppression in the Pan02 syngeneic model of pancreatic cancer.

BRD2889 is an analog of the alkaloid piperlongumine. BRD2889 is a robust modulator of the GSTP1-ISCU axis in pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Varioxepine A is a 3H-oxepine-containing alkaloid with a new oxa-cage found in the marine algal-derived endophytic fungus Paecilomyces variotii. Varioxepine A inhibits plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum.

DX3-235 is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. DX3-235 shows nanomolar inhibition of complex I function and ATP production in a galactose-containing medium resulting in significant cytotoxicity.

Glycohyocholic acid(GHCA) is a glycine-conjugated form of the primary bile acid hyocholic acid.

Terpendole I, a fungal indoloditerpene, is a ACAT (acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase) inhibitor (IC50=145 µM).

ATX inhibitor 8 is a Autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor extracted from patent WO2018212534A1 compound 96.

Tryptoquivaline D is a fungal metabolite from Aspergillus fumigatus.

Setosusin ((+)-Setosusin) is a fungal meroditerpenoid featuring a unique spiro-fused 3(2H)-furanone moiety.

Avellanin B is a fungal metabolite with pressor effect.

L-Ornithine-1,2-13C2 hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled L-Ornithine hydrochloride. L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.

D-Glucose-13C3-1 (Glucose-13C3-1) is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response.

D-Glucose-13C3 is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response.

H-Tyr(3-I)-OH-13C6 is the 13C-labeled H-Tyr(3-I)-OH. H-Tyr(3-I)-OH is a potent and effective tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor. H-Tyr(3-I)-OH is an intermediate in the production of thyroid hormones and has a role as a human or mouse metabolite.

L-Tyrosine-13C6 is the 13C-labeled L-Tyrosine. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.

Toddacoumalone is a natural inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with moderate potency and imperfect drug-like properties. Toddacoumalone has the potential for the research of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis.

AChE-IN-4 shows the acetylcholine esterase inhibition (AChEI) with an IC50 value of 24.1 μM.

Cytoglobosin D, a cytochalasan derivative, displays cytotoxic activity toward the A-549 cell line (IC50=2.55 μM).

Cytoglobosin C, a cytochalasan derivative, shows potent cytotoxicity against both SGC-7901 and A549 cell lines (IC50<10 μM).

Burnettramic acid A aglycone is a fungal metabolite found in Aspergillus burnettii.

Hydroxy ritonavir is a metabolite of Ritonavir. Ritonavir is an inhibitor of HIV protease used to treat HIV infection and AIDS.

Trichodecenin I, a fungal metabolite, is a peptaibol composed of 7 amino acid residues.

Zaragozic acid B, a fungal metabolite, is a potent inhibitor of both farnesyl-protein transferase (FPTase) and squalene synthases. Zaragozic acid B is a potential anticancer drug.

β-Alanine-15N (2-Carboxyethylamine-15N) is the 15N-labeled β-Alanine. β-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that is shown to be metabolized into carnosine, which functions as an intracellular buffer.

Sarcosine-15N (N-Methylglycine-15N) is the 15N-labeled Sarcosine. Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine), an endogenous amino acid, is a competitive glycine transporter type I (GlyT1) inhibitor and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist. Sarcosine increases the glycine concentration, resulting in an indirect potentiation of the NMDA receptor. Sarcosine is commonly used for the research of schizophrenia.

L-Serine-15N ((-)-Serine-15N) is the 15N-labeled L-Serine. L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.

Calcium glycerophosphate is an inhibitor of intestinal alkaline phosphatase F3. Calcium glycerophosphate is a source of calcium and phosphorus in total parenteral nutrition solutions.

Zaragozic acid E, a fungal metabolite, is a potent inhibitor of squalence synthetase with IC50s of 2.3-28 nM.

D-Glucose-13C2-4 is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response.

D-Glucose-13C2 (Glucose-13C2) is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response.

Octanoic acid-13C4 (Caprylic acid-13C4) is the 13C labeled Octanoic acid. Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.

Isovaleric acid-13C is the 13C labeled Isovaleric acid. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.

L-Valine-1-13C,15N is the 13C- and 15N-labeled L-Valine. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. L-Valine is an essential amino acid.

L-Valine-2-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Valine. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. L-Valine is an essential amino acid.

L-Valine-1-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Valine. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. L-Valine is an essential amino acid.

L-Methionine-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Methionine. L-Methionine is the L-isomer of Methionine, an essential amino acid for human development. Methionine acts as a hepatoprotectant.

L-Methionine-1-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Methionine. L-Methionine is the L-isomer of Methionine, an essential amino acid for human development. Methionine acts as a hepatoprotectant.

L-Proline-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Proline. L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins.

L-Glutamic acid-5-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

Cerebroside A is a single molecule cerebroside extracted and isolated from an edible mushroom. Cerebroside A provides potent neuroprotection after cerebral ischaemia through reducing glutamate release and Ca²⁺ influx of NMDA receptors.

Cerebroside D, a glycoceramide compound, improves experimental colitis in mice with multiple targets against activated T lymphocytes.

Cyclotheonellazole A is a natural macrocyclic peptide and a potent elastase inhibitor (IC50=0.034 nM). Cyclotheonellazole A inhibits chymotrypsin with an IC50 value of 0.62 nM.

Propane-1,2,3-triyl tripalmitate-13C3 is the 13C labeled Propane-1,2,3-triyl tripalmitate. Propane-1,2,3-triyl tripalmitate is an endogenous metabolite.

Propane-1,2,3-triyl tripalmitate-13C3-1 is the 13C labeled Propane-1,2,3-triyl tripalmitate. Propane-1,2,3-triyl tripalmitate is an endogenous metabolite.

Gamibetal is the gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Gamibetal has the potential for the research of epilepsy.

L-Histidine-13C (H-His-OH-13C) hydrochloride hydrate is the 13C-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (H-His-OH.HCl.H2O) is an endogenous metabolite.

D-Glucose-13C (Glucose-13C) is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response.

D-Glucose-13C-3 is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response.

D-Glucose-13C-5 is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response.

D-Glucose-13C-2 (Glucose-13C-2) is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response.

D-Glucose-13C-4 (Glucose-13C-4) is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response.

D-Glucose-13C-1 (Glucose-13C-1) is the 13C labeled D-Glucose. D-Glucose (Glucose), a monosaccharide, is an important carbohydrate in biology. D-Glucose is a carbohydrate sweetener and critical components of the general metabolism, and serve as critical signaling molecules in relation to both cellular metabolic status and biotic and abiotic stress response.

L-Citrulline-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Citrulline. L-Citrulline is an amino acid derived from ornithine in the catabolism of proline or glutamine and glutamate, or from l-arginine via arginine-citrulline pathway.

L-Isoleucine-1-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Isoleucine. L-isoleucine is a nonpolar hydrophobic amino acid. L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid.

Stephacidin B is a fungal metabolite. Stephacidin B shows in vitro cytotoxicity against a panel of human tumor cell lines. Stephacidin B shows the strongest cytotoxicity against testosterone-dependent prostate LNCaP cancer cells.

L-Ornithine-15N2 hydrochloride is the 15N-labeled L-Ornithine hydrochloride. L-Ornithine hydrochloride is a free amino acid that plays a central role in the urea cycle and is also important for the disposal of excess nitrogen.

(S)-L-Cystine-15N2 is the 15N-labeled L-Cystine. L-Cystine is an amino acid and intracellular thiol, which plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes.

L-Histidine-15N3 (H-His-OH-15N3) hydrochloride hydrate is the 15N-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (H-His-OH.HCl.H2O) is an endogenous metabolite.

L-Histidine-15N (H-His-OH-15N) hydrochloride hydrate is the 15N-labeled L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate. L-Histidine hydrochloride hydrate (H-His-OH.HCl.H2O) is an endogenous metabolite.

L-Lysine-15N-1 dihydrochloride is the 15N-labeled L-Lysine. L-lysine is an essential amino acid with important roles in connective tissues and carnitine synthesis, energy production, growth in children, and maintenance of immune functions.

L-Tyrosine-3,5-13C2 is the 13C-labeled L-Tyrosine. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.

Octanoic acid-13C (Caprylic acid-13C) is the 13C labeled Octanoic acid. Octanoic acid (Caprylic acid) is an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant rancid taste and used commercially in the production of esters used in perfumery and also in the manufacture of dyes.

Valienamine is the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Valienamine is the key functional component of many natural glycosidase inhibitors including the crop protectant validamycin A and the antidiabetic agent acarbose.

L-Tyrosine-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Tyrosine. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.

L-Tyrosine-1-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Tyrosine. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.

L-Tyrosine-4-13C is the 13C-labeled L-Tyrosine. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.

Endothall (Endothal) is a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor with IC50s of 90 nM and 5 µM for PP2A and PP1, respectively. Endothall can be used as an herbicide. Endothall also is useful in cancer chemotherapy.

rel-Tranylcypromine (SKF 385) is a potent monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor.

L-Tyrosine-17O is the 17O-labeled L-Tyrosine. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid which can inhibit citrate synthase activity in the posterior cortex.

Pheniprazine is a potent and long acting inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Pheniprazine has the potential for the research of depression.

Hippuric acid-15N (2-Benzamidoacetic acid-15N) is the 15N-labeled Hippuric acid. Hippuric Acid (2-Benzamidoacetic acid), an acyl glycine produced by the conjugation of benzoic acid and glycine, is a normal component in urine as a metabolite of aromatic compounds from food.

Glucose oxidase is used in the food and beverage industry as a preservative and stabilizer and is commonly derived from the fungus Aspergillus niger. Glucose oxidase can react with intracellular glucose and oxygen (O2) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acid, which can cut off the nutrition source of cancer cells and consequently inhibit their proliferation.

Guanylyl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) lithium, a non-hydrolyzable GTP analogue, increases adenylate cyclase activity.

ALDH1A1-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a1 (aldh1a1). Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) constitute a family of enzymes that play a critical role in oxidizing various cytotoxic xenogenic and biogenic aldehydes. ALDH1A1-IN-2 has the potential for the research of cancer, inflammation, or obesity (extracted from patent WO2019089626A1, compound 295).

Aldose reductase-IN-3 (Compound 5) is a potent and moderately selective inhibitor of aldose reductase (AR) with an IC50 of 3.99 μM. Aldose reductase has recently emerged as a molecular target that is involved in various inflammatory diseases, including sepsis. Aldose reductase-IN-3 has the potential for the research of sepsis.

Aldose reductase-IN-2 (Compound 5f) is a potent inhibitor of aldose reductase (AR). Aldose reductase-IN-2 has antioxidation capacity. Aldose reductase-IN-2 is a promising anti-diabetic complications agent.

AD011 is a dual inhibitor of cACE/NEP. AD011 is synthesized based on the previously reported C-domain selective ACE inhibitor lisinopril-tryptophan. AD011 has the potential for providing the potent antihypertensive and cardioprotective benefits.

AD012 is a dual inhibitor of cACE/NEP. AD012 is synthesized based on the previously reported C-domain selective ACE inhibitor lisinopril-tryptophan. AD012 has the potential for providing the potent antihypertensive and cardioprotective benefits.

AD013 is a dual inhibitor of cACE/NEP. AD013 is synthesized based on the previously reported C-domain selective ACE inhibitor lisinopril-tryptophan. AD013 has the potential for providing the potent antihypertensive and cardioprotective benefits.

Human carbonic anhydrase II-IN-1 (Compound S-13) is a potent human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) inhibitor with a Ki of 4.4 nM. Human carbonic anhydrase II-IN-1 also inhibits other hCAs isoforms I, IV and IX, with Ki values of 9.2 nM, 480.2 nM and 14.7 nM, respectively. Human carbonic anhydrase II-IN-1 can be used for glaucoma research.

Human carbonic anhydrase II-IN-24 (Compound R-13) is a potent human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibitor with Kis of 60.7, 320.7, 2298, and 35.2 nM for hCA I, II, IV and IX, respectively.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 11 (compound VI) is a potent, selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 11 shows Ki values of 40, 39, 200 and 900 nM against CA II, IX, and XII, respectively.

Girentuximab (G250) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a cell surface glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 9 is a potent carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor with Kis of 56.4 and 56.9 nM for hCA II and IX, respectively. Antiproliferative activity.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 12 is a potent CA II inhibitor, also has inhibitory activity in CA I (Kis of 1.72 and 271 nM in CA II and CA I, respectively). Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 12 has potent anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines.

Cathepsin K inhibitor 2 is a potent inhibitor of cathepsin K. Cathepsin K, Cat K is a cysteine protease expressed under the control of CTSK gene and closely related to osteoporosis, whose main function is to hydrolyze collagen. Cathepsin K inhibitor 2 has the potential for the research of osteoarthfitis (extracted from patent WO2021147882A1, compound 78).

Cathepsin G Inhibitor I is a potent, selective, reversible, competitive, non-peptide inhibitor of cathepsin G.

Alvelestat (tosylate) is an orally bioavailable, affinity and selective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (NE) with a pIC50 value of 7.9 nM, a Ki value of 9.4 nM and a Kd value of 9.5 nM.

Glucokinase activator 3 is a potent and full Glucokinase (GK) activator with an AC50 of 38 nM. Glucokinase activator 3 has the potential for the research of type 2 diabetes.

S-2E is an orally active and noncompetitive HMG-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor. S-2E has an anti-hyperlipidemic action. S-2E has the potential for familial hypercholesterolemia and mixed hyperlipidemia research.

IDO1-IN-13 (compound 27a) is a potent IDO1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 61.6 nM. IDO1-IN-13 has cellular IDO1 inhibition (HeLa EC50= 30 nM). IDO1-IN-13 decreases 51% of the kyn/trp ratio in SK-OV-3 xenograft tumor tissues.

IDO1-IN-14 (compound 4a) is a potent IDO1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 396.9 nM. IDO1-IN-14 has cellular IDO1 inhibition (HeLa EC50=3393 nM).

IDO1-IN-15 is a potent IDO1 inhibitor (IC50=127 nM). IDO1-IN-15 has comparable potency against IDO1 enzyme in vitro with Epacadostat.

AGI-12026 is brain-penetrant dual inhibitor of mutant IDH1 and 2. AGI-12026 shows partial inhibition of the IDH1-R132H homodimer as allosteric modulators. AGI-12026 has the potential for research of glioma.

Ro 3-1314 (9a,12a-Octadecadiynoic acid) is a plant lipoxygenase inhibitor. Ro 3-1314 is a linoleic acid metabolism inhibitor. Ro 3-1314 stimulates the antigen-induced contraction of guinea-pig tracheal spirals and the immunological release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from actively sensitized guinea-pig lung fragments.

PDE4-IN-5 (compound 33a) is a potent and selective PDE4 inhibitor (IC50=3.1 nM). PDE4-IN-5 has favorable skin permeability and a well-characterized binding mechanism. Anti-psoriasis effect.

PF-07038124 is a PDE4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.5 nM for PDE4B2. PF-07038124 shows inhibitory activities against IL-13, IL4, and IFNγ (IC50=125, 4.1 1.06 nM, respectively).

PDE4-IN-8 (Example 5) is a potent PDE4 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.93 nM for PDE4B2.PDE4-IN-8 has little effect on IL13 (IC50=4.04 nM), IL4 (IC50=36.33 nM), IFNy (IC50=2394 nM).

Lp-PLA2-IN-10 is a potent inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Lp-PLA2 previously known as platelet- activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), is a phospholipase A2 enzyme involved in hydrolysis of lipoprotein lipids or phospholipids. Lp-PLA2-IN-10 has the potential for the research of neurodegenerative-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), or cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis (extracted from patent WO2022001881A1, compound 4).

Vinaxanthone (SM-345431) is a potent and selective semaphorin3A inhibitor. Vinaxanthone exhibits semaphorin3A inhibiting activity with an IC50 of 0.1-0.2 μM. Vinaxanthone shows selective inhibitory activity against phospholipase C (PLC) from rat brain, mutine colon 26 Adenocarcinoma and murine fibroblasts NIH3T3 with IC50s being 5.4, 9.3 and 44 μM, respectively.

PACOCF3 (Palmityltrifluoromet​hylketone) is a selective phospholipase A2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.8 μM. PACOCF3 alters Ca2+ signaling in renal tubular cells.

Lp-PLA2-IN-11 is a potent inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Lp-PLA2 previously known as platelet- activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), is a phospholipase A2 enzyme involved in hydrolysis of lipoprotein lipids or phospholipids. Lp-PLA2-IN-11 has the potential for the research of diseases associated with the activity of Lp-PLA2, for example atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (extracted from patent WO2014114249A1, compound E145).

Lp-PLA2-IN-9 (compound 17), a tetracyclic pyrimidinone compound, is a potent Lp-PLA2 inhibitor with a pIC50 of 10.1 for rhLp-PLA2. Lp-PLA2-IN-9 has the potential for neurodegenerative related diseases research.

Lp-PLA2-IN-6 (compound 18), a tetracyclic pyrimidinone compound, is a potent Lp-PLA2 inhibitor with a pIC50 of 10.0 for rhLp-PLA2. Lp-PLA2-IN-6 has the potential for neurodegenerative related diseases research.

Lp-PLA2-IN-5 is a potent inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Lp-PLA2 previously known as platelet- activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), is a phospholipase A2 enzyme involved in hydrolysis of lipoprotein lipids or phospholipids. Lp-PLA2-IN-5 has the potential for the research of diseases associated with the activity of Lp-PLA2, for example atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (extracted from patent WO2021228159A1, compound 32).

Lp-PLA2-IN-4 is a potent inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Lp-PLA2 previously known as platelet- activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), is a phospholipase A2 enzyme involved in hydrolysis of lipoprotein lipids or phospholipids. Lp-PLA2-IN-4 has the potential for the research of diseases associated with the activity of Lp-PLA2, for example atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (extracted from patent WO2021228159A1, compound 38).

SGK1-IN-3 (compound 3a) is a potent and orally active inhibitor of SGK1. The serine/threonine kinase SGK1 is an activator of the β-catenin pathway and a powerful stimulator of cartilage degradation that is found to be upregulated under genomic control in diseased osteoarthritic cartilage. SGK1-IN-3 has the potential for the research of osteoarthritis.

RYL-552, a mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, is a P. falciparum NADH dehydrogenase 2 (PfNDH2) inhibtor.

DX2-201 is a potent and selective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I inhibitor with an IC50 of 312 nM. DX2-201 has anticancer effects.

DX3-213B is a highly potent, orally active oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I inhibitor (IC50=3.6 nM). DX3-213B impairs ATP generation (IC50=11 nM), and blocks MIA PaCa-2 cell growth (GI50=11 nM). DX3-213B is used for the research of the pancreatic cancer.

THP104c is a mitochondrial fission inhibitor.

BAY-179 is a potent, selective, and species cross-reactive complex I inhibitor (IC50=79 µM).

Complex III-IN-1 (Compd 4c-2) is a complex III inhibitor. Complex III-IN-1 shows antifungal activity with an EC50 of 18.53 mg/L against sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Complex III-IN-2 (Compd 4d-2) is a complex III inhibitor. Complex III-IN-2 shows antifungal activity with an EC50 of 29.98 mg/L and 29.31 mg/L against sclerotinia sclerotiorum and R. solani, respectively.

3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone-d4 is a deuterium labeled 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone. 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) is the metabolite of Furazolidone. 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone is always be detected as an indicator of furazolidone residues.

Curcumin monoglucuronide is known as a glucuronic acid conjugate, which is one of the in vivo metabolites of curcumin. Curcumin monoglucuronide is used for research on the metabolism of curcumin and examination of its development as a pharmaceutical. Curcumin monoglucuronide has the potential for the research of cancer disease (extracted from patent WO2022004873A1).

Retinol-d4 (Vitamin A1-d4) is the deuterium labeled Vitamin A. Retinol is an endogenous metabolite.

Paraherquamide E is a fungal metabolite found in Penicillium charlesii. Paraherquamide E has antinematodal and antiparasitic effects.

11-epi-Chaetomugilin I is a metabolite found in Chaetomium globosum. 11-epi-Chaetomugilin I exhibits significant cytotoxic activity against the murine P388 leukemia cell line, the human HL-60 leukemia cell line, the murine L1210 leukemia cell line, and the human KB epidermoid carcinoma cell line.

Ebaresdax hydrochloride can inhibit peroxynitrite oxidation derived by SIN-1 and peroxynitrite mediated Cytotoxicity with IC50s of 3.7±0.80 and 0.13±0.02 uM, respectively.

H2S Donor 5a is a cysteine-activated H2S donor. H2S plays important roles in biological systems. H2S Donor 5a is a useful tool in H2S research.

Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate is a hydrated form of anhydrous magnesium acetate salt. As a salt form of Magnesium, Magnesium acetate is one of the bioavailable forms of magnesium and forms a very water soluble compound. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate can be used as an electrolyte supplementation or a reagent in molecular biology experiments.

Homovanillic acid-13C6,18O is the 13C-labeled Homovanillic acid. Homovanillic acid is a dopamine metabolite found to be associated with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, celiac disease, growth hormone deficiency, and sepiapterin reductase deficiency.

5a-Pregnane-3,20-dione-d6 is the deuterium labeled 5a-Pregnane-3,20-dione. 5a-Pregnane-3,20-dione is the endogenous progesterone metabolite.

21-Deoxycortisol-d8 is the deuterium labeled 21-Deoxycortisol. 21-Deoxycortisol is an endogenous metabolite. 21-Deoxycortisol is a sign of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Thiamine pyrophosphate-d3 is the deuterium labeled Thiamine pyrophosphate. Thiamine pyrophosphate is the coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 and is a required intermediate in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.

5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid-13C6 is the 13C-labeled 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid is the main metabolite of serotonin or metanephrines, which can be used as a biomarker of neuroendocrine tumors.

Nicotinamide-13C6 (Niacinamide-13C6) is the 13C-labeled Nicotinamide. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that plays essential roles in cell physiology through facilitating NAD+ redox homeostasis and providing NAD+ as a substrate to a class of enzymes that catalyze non-redox reactions. Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of SIRT1.

TMC-205 is a natural fungal metabolite with antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines. TMC-205 is a transcriptional up-regulator of SV40 promoter.

7-Hydroxypestalotin (LL-P880β) is a fungal metabolite.

Vitamin K1-d4 (Phylloquinone-d4) is the deuterium labeled Vitamin K1. Vitamin K1 a naturally occurring vitamin required for blood coagulation and bone and vascular metabolism.

Cholic acid-13C is the 13C-labeled Cholic acid. Cholic acid is a major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is the metabolite of caffeine. The metabolic ratio 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid to caffeine can be evaluated as a biomarker to describe variability in CYP3A activity in a cohort.

(Rac)-sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate is an a-site substrate analogue. (Rac)-sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate is bound to the a-site, the rate of reaction of indole and nucleophilic indole analogues with E(A-A) is strongly inhibited.

Murideoxycholic acid is a 6 beta-hydroxylated bile acid.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)sodium is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic Acid sodium exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid sodium activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic Acid sodium can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation.

Phenylacetyl CoA is an acceptor oxidoreductase. Phenylacetyl CoA is a membrane-bound molybdenum–iron–sulfur enzyme involved in anaerobic metabolism of phenylalanine in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica.

2-Hydroxypalmitic acid is an intermediate in phytosphingosine metabolism.

1-Aminopropan-2-ol is a microbial metabolism of amino alcohol metabolism via propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde in a species of Pseudomonas.

Biliverdin hydrochloride is a tetrapyrrolic, water-soluble compound formed by the breakdown of heme. Biliverdin hydrochloride can upregulate the activity of biliverdin reductase which is an enzyme that is a regulator of the innate immune system.

Butyrolactone II is a fungal metabolite isolated from Aspergillus flavipes.

F-14329 is a tetramic acid fungal metabolite.

2-Hydroxyestrone-13C6 (Catecholestrone-13C6) is the 13C-labeled 2-Hydroxyestrone. 2-Hydroxyestrone (Catecholestrone) is a specific receptor-mediated antiestrogenic agent. 2-Hydroxyestrone is anticarcinogenic.

2-Methoxyestrone-13C6 is the 13C-labeled 2-Methoxyestrone. 2-Methoxyestrone is a methoxylated catechol estrogen and metabolite of estrone, with a pKa of 10.81.

Retinol-d6 (Vitamin A1-d6) is the deuterium labeled Vitamin A. Retinol is an endogenous metabolite.

Thiamine-13C3 (Thiamine chloride-13C3) hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled Thiamine (hydrochloride). Thiamine hydrochloride (Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) is an essential micronutrient needed as a cofactor for many central metabolic enzymes.

Pyridoxine-13C4 (Pyridoxol-13C4) hydrochloride is the 13C-labeled Pyridoxine (hydrochloride). Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Pyridoxol; Vitamin B6) is a pyridine derivative. Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol; Vitamin B6) exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of Alzheimer's disease via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.

Amidepsine A is a fungal metabolite isolated from the culture broth of Humicola sp. FO-2942 that inhibits Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) activity.

Phenylpyropene A, a fungal metabolite, is a potent acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.8 μM.

Penicillide (Vermixocin A), isolated from Talaromyces derxii cultivated on rice, shows inhibitory activity against acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT).

Amidepsine D is a fungal metabolite isolated from the culture broth of Humicola sp. FO-2942 that inhibits Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) activity.

Evolocumab (AMG 145) is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits PCSK9. Evolocumab binds to the circulating PCSK9 protein, inhibiting it from binding to the LDLR. Evolocumab can be used for the research of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

APC 366 is a selective inhibitor of mast cell tryptase (Ki=7.1 μM). APC 366 inhibits antigen-induced early asthmatic response (EAR), late asthmatic response (LAR), and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in a sheep model of allergic asthma.

VD2173 is a side chain cyclized macrocyclic peptide inhibitor of HGF-activating serine proteases. VD2173 potently inhibits matriptase and hepsin. VD2173 can be used for the research of lung cancer.

ZK824190 hydrochloride is an orally available and selective urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) inhibitor as a potential treatment for multiple sclerosis. IC50s of 237, 1600 and 1850 nM for uPA, tPA, and Plasmin, respectively.

AChE-IN-5 (compound 5) exhibits strong in vitro bioactivity against AChE/5-HT1A/SERT and exhibits good BBB permeability. AChE-IN-5 shows IC50 value 2.29 nM against AChE, EC50 58.6 nM against 5-HT1A and IC50 value against SERT. Orally active.

Dual AChE-MAO B-IN-2 is a potent AChE and MAO B dual inhibitor with IC50s of 0.12 µM and 0.01 µM for b>AChE and MAO B, respectively. Dual AChE-MAO B-IN-2 has the potential for the research of Alzheimer’s disease.

Bis(7)-tacrine dihydrochloride is a dimeric AChE inhibitor derived from tacrine. Bis(7)-tacrine dihydrochloride prevents glutamate-induced neuronal apoptosis by blocking NMDA receptors. Bis(7)-tacrine dihydrochloride is a potent GABAAreceptor antagonist. Bis(7)-tacrine dihydrochloride has the potential for the research of Alzheimer's disease .

sEH/AChE-IN-1 (Compound 12a) is a dual inhibitor of the enzymes soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). sEH/AChE-IN-1 provides cumulative effects against neuroinflammation and memory impairment. sEH/AChE-IN-1 has the potential for the research of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

sEH/AChE-IN-2 (Compound 12b) is a dual inhibitor of the enzymes soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). sEH/AChE-IN-2 provides cumulative effects against neuroinflammation and memory impairment. sEH/AChE-IN-2 has the potential for the research of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

AChE-IN-7 (Compound 16) is a selective and potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE IC50 = 0.045 μM; eeBuChE IC50 = 19.68 μM). AChE-IN-7 is safe in vivo and in vitro, and shows good overall pharmacokinetic performance and high bioavailability (F = 55.5%). AChE-IN-7 also has high BBB permeability.

AChE-IN-6 (Compound 12a) is an optimal multifunctional ligand with significant inhibition of AChE (EeAChE, IC50 = 0.20 μM; HuAChE, IC50 = 37.02 nM) and anti-Aβ activity (IC50 = 1.92 μM for self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation; IC50 = 1.80 μM for disaggregation of Aβ1-42 fibrils; IC50 = 2.18 μM for Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation; IC50 = 1.17 μM for disaggregation of Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 fibrils). AChE-IN-6 has the potential for the research of Alzheimer's disease.

ZLWH-23 is a selective AChE inhibitor (IC50=0.27 μM) with GSK-3β inhibitory property (IC50=6.78 μM). ZLWH-23 possesses selectivity for AChE over BChE (IC50=20.82 μM) and for GSK-3β over multi-kinases. ZLWH-23 has the potential for the research of Alzheimer's disease.

Cytidine 5′-diphosphoethanolamine is an intermediate compound in the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine. Cytidine 5′-diphosphoethanolamine is a stimulant of Ach synthesis.

AChE/BuChE-IN-1 (Compound 1), a chrysin derivative, is a selective butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.48 μM. AChE/BuChE-IN-1 inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 of 7.16 μM. AChE/BuChE-IN-1 shows strong scavenging ·OH activities with a IC50 of 0.1674 μM. AChE/BuChE-IN-1 inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS), Aβ1-42 aggregation (self-, Cu2+-induced, AChE-induced). AChE/BuChE-IN-1 has high BBB permeability and bioavailability and low cell toxicity. AChE/BuChE-IN-1 has the potential for Alzheimer' disease (AD) research.

ChE/Aβ1-42-IN-1 (compound 28) is a potent ChE and Aβ1-42 aggregation inhibitor with IC50s of 0.062, 0.767 and 1.227 µM for AChE, BuChE and Aβ1-42 aggregation, respectively. ChE/β1-42-IN-1 shows excellent BBB penetration. ChE/Aβ1-42-IN-1 is a potent multi-targeted anti-Alzheimer's agent.

AChE-IN-8 (Compound 19) is a potent inhibitor of AChE with an IC50 of 1.95 μM. AChE-IN-8 has the potential for the research of Alzheimer's disease.

AChE-IN-11 (compound 5C) is a good multifunctional agent (AChE IC50 = 7.9 μM, MAO-B IC50 = 9.9 μM, BACE1 IC50 = 8.3 μM). AChE-IN-11 displays a mixed-type AChE inhibition, which can bind to the CAS and PAS of AChE. AChE-IN-11 also exhibits good antioxidant activity (ORAC = 2.5 eq) and neuroprotective effects. AChE-IN-11 is a selective metal ions chelator. AChE-IN-11 has the potential for the research of AD.

Y13g is the potent inhibitor of both AChE and IL-6. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are two important targets implicated in progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Y13g reverses the STZ-induced memory deficit, and shows histopathology similarly as in normal animals.

hAChE/Aβ1-42-IN-1 (Compound 16) is a potent inhibitor of hAChE and Aβ1-42 aggregation. hAChE/Aβ1-42-IN-1 shows acceptable relative safety upon hepG2 cell line and excellent BBB penetration with wide safety margin. hAChE/Aβ1-42-IN-1 has the potential for the research of Alzheimer disease (AD).

BACE1-IN-7-18F can be developed as a PET tracer for in vivo imaging of BACE1. The unlabeled BACE1-IN-7 is a potent BACE1 inhibitor (IC50=13.2 nM).

Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase-IN-1 (compound 17) is a potent, orally active, and highly selective cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CH24H or CYP46A1) inhibitor (IC50=8.5 nM). Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase-IN-1 can cross blood-brain barrier.

Abiraterone decanoate is a potent Abiraterone prodrug. Abiraterone decanoate provide a controlled release of Abiraterone and long-acting CYP17 inhibition with intramuscular (IM) delivery.

CYP121A1-IN-1 is a potent CYP121A1 inhibitor with favorable activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv MIC90∼6.25 μM, ∼2.2 μg/mL). CYP121A1-IN-1 can markedly reduce the production of mycocyclosin via inhibiting the CYP121A1 mediated turnover of cyclo(l-tyrosyl-l-tyrosyl) to mycocyclosin.

DHODH-IN-20 (Compound 133) is a potent inhibitor of DHODH. DHODH is present in the inner membrane of human mitochondria and is an iron-containing flavin-dependent enzyme. DHODH-IN-20 inhibits tumor growth. DHODH-IN-20 has the potential for the research of acute myelogenous leukemia.

DHODH-IN-19 is a potent inhibitor of DHODH. DHODH is present in the inner membrane of human mitochondria and is an iron-containing flavin-dependent enzyme. DHODH-IN-19 inhibits tumor growth. DHODH-IN-19 has the potential for the research of cancer and inflammation disease (extracted from patent WO2021238881A1, compound 1).

Ellipyrone A, a γ-pyrone enclosed macrocyclic poyketide, shows inhibition potential against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (IC50=0.35 mM). Ellipyrone A also has anti-carbolytic property against α-glucosidase (IC50=0.74 mM) and α-amylase (IC50=0.59 mM).

Ellipyrone B, an antihyperglycemic γ-pyrone enclosed macrocyclic polyketide, shows inhibition potential against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (IC50=0.48 mM).

LEI-106 is a potent, dual sn-1-Diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGL-α)/ABHD6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 18 nM for DAGL-α and a Ki of 0.8 μM for ABHD6. LEI-106 inhibits the hydrolysis of [14C]-sn-1-oleoyl-2-arachidonoyl-glycerol, the natural substrate of DAGL-α, with a Ki of 0.7 μM.

Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor 1 is a potent monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor (compound 13).

Geodin, a fungal metabolite, shows antibacterial activity. Geodin also is an inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1 (PAI-1).

Trichomide A is a potent activator of SHP2. Trichomide A is a natural cyclodepsipeptide. Trichomide A displays immunosuppressive activity against activated T lymphocyte–mediated immune responses in Con A-activated T cells. Trichomide A have the potential for the research of immune-related skin diseases.

Rubratoxin A is a natural mycotoxin and competitive inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) with an IC50 of 170 nM. Rubratoxin A causes suppression of tumor metastasis and reduction of primary tumor volume in mouse xenografts.

SHP2 inhibitor is an effective SHP2 allosteric inhibitors (IC50≤50 nM), blocking the activation of SHP2 by targeting the auto-inhibited conformation of SHP2 (WO2019183367A1, compound 118).

GDC-1971 showed outstanding potency in biochemical and cell models, and it had a predicted human PK profile that suggested it would achieve target engagement at reasonable doses. GDC-1971 showed an IC50 below the limit of detection of the assay (≪0.001 μM), while that IC50 shifted to 0.17 μM in the same biochemical assay with the constitutively active E76K SHP2 mutant.

(S)-ABBV-CLS-484 is a potent PTPN1 or PTPN2 inhibitor.

SHP2-IN-9 is a specific SHP2 inhibitor (IC50 =1.174 μM) with enhanced blood–brain barrier penetration. SHP2-IN-9 shows 85-fold more selective for SHP2 than SHP1. SHP2-IN-9 inhibits SHP2-mediated cell signal transduction and cancer cell proliferation, and inhibits the growth of cervix cancer tumors and glioblastoma growth in vivo.

GSK2973980A is a potent and selective DGAT1 inhibitor with IC50 of 3 nM, exhibits >2,900-fold selectivity over human DGAT2, ACAT1 and ACAT2 (IC50>10 uM).

GSK 2793660(GSK2793660) is a potent, selective, irreversible and orally bioavailable cathepsin C inhibitor, but not the activity of downstream neutrophil serine proteases, for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, ANCA-associated vasculitis and bronchiectasis..

GSK-484 is a potent, highly selective and reversible protein arginine deiminase PAD4 inhibitor with IC50 of 80 nM in FP binding assay (0.2 mM Ca), 50 nM in PAD4 NH3 release inhibition assay.

GLPG1972 (Aldumastat, S201086) is a potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor of ADAMTS5 with IC50 of 19 and <23 nM against human and rat ADAMTS5, respectively.

WX-UK1 (UKI-1) is a small synthetic serine protease uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) inhibitor that blocks tumor cell invasion, metastasis and primary tumor growth.

NSC45586 free base (NCS 45586, NCI45586) is a potent, specific PHLPP2 inhibitor with IC50 of 4 uM, targets the PHLPP2 PP2C domain, suppresses MYC and triggers cell death.

8-BOA is a selective and potent mechanism-based inactivator of breast cancer-associated CYP4Z1.8-BOA exhibited favourable inhibitory activity in vitro, thus meriting in vivo characterization.