N8279 (NCATS-SM8864) is a selective, brain-penetrant small molecule Gαq-biased GHSR1a agonist with binding IC50 of 1.3 uM.N8279 is nearly an order of magnitude (8.9-fold) more potent than the endogenous ligand ghrelin and is a full agonist.iCa2+ EC50 of N8279 is 41-fold more potent than its GHSR1a binding IC50, suggesting possible allosteric activity, which could be competitively inhibited by GHSR1a antagonists YIL781 and JMV2959.N8279 is a weak activator of GHSR1a-mediated, βarr2-dependent cellular responses relative to ghrelin.N8279 requires receptor sites and/or conformational states driven by the GHSR1a ECD that are distinct from ghrelin.N8279 is brain-penetrant and attenuates aberrant DAergic behavior in mice.

NH-23-C2 (Caspase-2 inhibitor NH-23-C2) is a potent, selective and cell-permeable endogenous caspase-2 inhibitor, does not block caspase-3 or caspase-8.NH-23-C2 displays off-reactivity with cysteine and threonine proteases (cathepsins B, L, V, S).HCT116 cells were preincubated with NH-23-C2 inhibitor, MDM-2 cleavage was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 =3.11 μM).NH-23-C2 selectively block caspase-2 activity and caspase-2-mediated MDM-2 cleavage.

Nigratine (6E11) is a highly specific, non-ATP competitive inhibitor of RIPK1 kinase (IC50=1.6 uM), inhibits necroptosis and ferroptosis.Nigratine inhibits necroptotic cell-death induced by TNF-α in Jurkat-Fadd def cells with IC50 of 4.6 uM.Nigratine is significantly more potent than the specific RIPK1 necroptosis inhibitor, Nec-1s.Nigratine (50 uM) strongly inhibits the ferroptotic cell death induced by excess of glutamate, erastin, and RSL3, in both murine HT22 and human SH-SY5Y cell lines, protects SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line from cell death triggered by both class I and II-inducers of ferroptosis.Nigratine protects porcine kidney epithelial LLC-PK1 cell line from lipid peroxidation and cell death triggered by RSL3.Nigratine protects human bronchial organoids from necroptosis and ferroptosis.

NJH-2-075 is an alkyne-functionalized probe of EN523, retains binding to OTUB1 in vitro.

NLX-204 is a potent and selective ERK1/2 phosphorylation-preferring serotonin 5 HT1A receptor agonist with pKi = 10.19. NLX-204 displayed high selectivity in the SafetyScreen44 panel (including hERG channel), high solubility, metabolic stability, and Caco-2 penetration and did not block CYP3A4, CYP2D6 isoenzymes, or P-glycoprotein. Preliminary in vivo studies confirmed its promising pharmacokinetic profile. NLX-204 also robustly stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in rat cortex and showed highly potent (MED = 0.16 mg/kg) and efficacious antidepressant-like activity, totally eliminating immobility in the rat Porsolt test.

NPX-800 is a potent, selective, oral heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) pathway inhibitor.

PK68 (RIPK1 inhibitor PK68) is a potent necroptosis inhibitor seletively targeting RIPK1 kinase activity, potently inhibits TNF-induced necroptosis (EC50, 23 and 13 nM in human and mouse cells, respectively).PK68 blocks cellular activation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL upon necroptotic stimuli.PK68 is a type II inhibitor of RIP1 kinase, highly selective inhibitor of RIPK1 kinase activity with IC50 of 90 nM, does not affect RIPK3 kinase activity at 1 uM, also demonstrated a reasonable selectivity against a panel of 369 kinases.PK68 exhibits a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and no obvious toxicity in mice.PK68 ameliorates TNF-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and displays preventive suppression of tumor metastasis in the mouse cancer models.

PLX8394 (PLX-8394) is a next-generation, orally available, small-molecule BRAF inhibitor with IC50 values of 3.8 nM, 14 nM and 23 nM for BRAF (V600E), WT BRAF and CRAF, respectively.PLX8394 suppresses mutant BRAF cells without activating the MAPK pathway in cells bearing upstream activation, overcame several known mechanisms of resistance to first-generation RAF inhibitors.PLX8394 inhibits ERK signaling by specifically disrupting BRAF-containing dimers, including BRAF homodimers and BRAF-CRAF heterodimers, but not CRAF homodimers or ARAF-containing dimers.As a BRAF-specific dimer breaker, PLX8394 selectively inhibits ERK signaling in tumors driven by dimeric BRAF mutants, including BRAF fusions and splice variants as well as BRAF V600 monomers, but spares RAF function in normal cells in which CRAF homodimers can drive signaling.

PQR514 is a potent selective pan-PI3K inhibitor with binding Ki of 2.2 and 33 nM for p110α and mTOR, repectively.PQR514 inhibits phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (pS6, Ser235/236) and phosphorylation PKB Ser473 in A2058 cells with IC50 of 17 and 68 nM, respectively.PQR514 displays negligible interference with protein kinase activities at 10 uM in a KINOMEScan panel.PQR514 exhibits growth inhibition in vitro across a panel of 66 tumor cells with GI50 of 0.25 uM.PQR514 demonstrates significant antitumor activity aginst OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer xenograft model in BALB/c nude mice.

Prinomastat (AG3340) is a potent, selective MMP inhibitor with pM affinities for inhibiting gelatinases (MMP-2 and -9, Ki=50-150 pM), MMP-14 and MMP-13; demonstrates broad antitumor activity in a number of tumor models, inhibits glioma invasion or growth of the human malignant glioma cell line U87; also suppresses tumor growth in a malignant glioma tumor model.

PRL295 is a small molecule Keap1-Nrf2 protein–protein interaction inhibitor.PRL295 binds to Keap1 in the cellular environment, disrupting its interaction with Nrf2, which leads to enhanced gene expression of the classical Nrf2 target NQO1 in cells and in vivo in the mouse liver.PRL-295 increases the thermostability of Keap1 in cell lysates and in live cells.PRL 295 decreased the levels of plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase upon acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury.

PSB-16671 is a novel orthosteric and allosteric activator of GPR84, activates human GPR84 with EC50 of 41.3 nM in cAMP accumulation assays. PSB-16671 is selective versus related fatty acid receptors and the arylhydrocarbon receptor. PSB-16671 shows an EC50 of 5.47 uM in β-Arrestin assays, and allosteric KB value of 634 nM.

QC-01-175 is a hetero-bifunctional molecule designed to engage both tau and Cereblon (CRBN) to trigger tau ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (tau PROTAC).QC-01–175 effected clearance of tau in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patient-derived neuronal cell models, with minimal effect on tau from neurons of healthy controls.QC-01–175 also rescued stress vulnerability in FTD neurons, phenocopying CRISPR-mediated MAPT-knockout.

RA306 (RA-306) is a selective, potent, orally active, ATP-competitive CaMKII inhibitor, inhibits CaMKII delta (IC50=15 nM), gamma (IC50=25 nM), and alpha (IC50=61 nM) isoforms.RA306 displays a good selectivity profile vs. kinases and non-kinase targets, as compared with KN-93.RA306 also displays a good cellular activity in cardiomyocytes from human, rat, and mice, with IC50s in the 200 nM range.Isoproterenol-induced phosphorylation of Thr17-PLN, normalized to total PLN, was fully inhibited by RA306 in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50s of 140 nM in rat, 205 nM in mouse, and 220 nM in human cardiomyocytes.

Ras binder 2C07 is a switch-II binding ligand which binds Ras GDP and GTP states.

RET agonist BT44 is a novel, specific RET agonist, promotes RET phosphorylation and selectively activates downstream cascades in the cells expressing GFL receptors.BT44 has no effect on TrkA and TrkB receptors; In GFRα1/RET expressing cells, 10–50 µM of BT44 increased the activity of luciferase reporter by approximately two fold (P<0.0001).BT44 dose-dependently stimulated neurite outgrowth from DRG sensory neurons and its efficacy was comparable to that of ARTN.BT44 alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity in surgery- and diabetes-induced rat models of neuropathic pain.

Rhonin is a first small-molecule ligand of the RHO GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1 (RHOGDI1), binds to RHOGDI (Ki=2.2 uM), is an inhibitor of Hh-induced osteogenesis.Rhonin interferes with its function by disrupting the interaction between RHOGDI and RHO GTPases.Rhonin alters the subcellular localization of RHO GTPases.Rhonin inhibited RHOGDI1-mediated extraction of RAC1 from liposomes, Rhonin increased the levels of GTP-bound RHO GTPases, did not alter the total levels of the three RHO GTPasesRhonin an inhibitor of Hh-induced osteogenesis, but does not efficiently target canonical Hh signaling and SMO, directly targets RHOGDI, impairs RHOGDI function.

RMC-4630 is a potent and selective inhibitor of SHP2, a central node in the RAS signaling pathway.

Rv1625c agonist V-59 (V-59) is a specific small molecule agonist of the Mtb adenylyl cyclase Rv1625c, inhibits Mtb growth in macrophages (EC50=0.3 uM) in an Rv1625c-dependent mechanism.V-59 inhibits Mtb growth in cholesterol media (EC50 0.70 uM), but not in media containing the two-carbon fatty acid acetate, or in standard rich growth media.V-59 stimulates Rv1625c to produce cAMP, which is necessary for V-59 to inhibit Mtb growth.Chemically activating Rv1625c via V-59 preferentially inhibits cholesterol utilization in WT Mtb, rather than equally inhibiting all lipid utilization by the bacterium.

S1P5-IN-15 is a potent, selective, orally active and brain-penetrant S1P5 antagonist with IC50 of 0.1 nM, no effect on S1P1-4.

SD-36 (STAT3 degrader SD-36) is a potent, selective STAT3 degrader (PROTAC), potently induces the degradation of STAT3 protein in vitro and in vivo.SD-36 is designed using an analogue of CRBN ligand lenalidomide and the STAT3 inhibitor SI-109, binds to recombinant STAT3 protein with Ki of 11 nM.SD-36 (250 nM) depleted >90% of STAT3 protein in MOLM-16 cells after 4 hr treatment and >50% of STAT3 protein in DEL, KI-JK and SU-DHL-1 cells after 7 hr treatment, also efficiently degraded STAT3 protein in murine cells.SD-36 displays extremely high cellular selectivity for degradation of STAT3 over other STATs.SD-36 effectively degrades both wild-type and mutated STAT3 proteins in cells, effectively degrades mutated STAT3 (D661Y, K658R mutant), also effectively degrades CRISPR-mutated homozygous Y705F mutant STAT3 protein in DLD-1/STAT3Y705F/Y705F cells.SD-36 displayed strong growth-inhibitory activities in a subset of leukemia and lymphoma cell lines (MOLM-16 cell line IC50, 35 nM), 100-fold more potent than SI-109.SD-36 (i.v. 25 mg/kg) effectively and selectively depletes STAT3 protein, achieves complete and long-lasting tumor regression in in mouse xenograft tumors.

Senexin C is a novel potent, selective and orally bioavailable CDK8/19 inhibitor with Kd of 1.4 and 2.9 nM for CDK8/CycC and CDK19/CycC, respectively.Senexin C inhibits CDK8/CycC with IC50 of 3.6 nM, shows high selectivity against other HDAC isoforms.Senexin C is more metabolically stable and provides a more sustained inhibition of CDK8/19-dependent cellular gene expression when compared with the prototype inhibitor Senexin B.Senexin C inhibits MV4-11 leukemia growth in a systemic in vivo model with good tolerability.